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Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices
Abstract
Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum many-body problems. Within this setting, quantum gas microscopes enable single atom observation and manipulation in large samples. Ultracold atom-based quantum simulators have already been used to probe quantum magnetism, to realize and detect topological quantum matter, and to study quantum systems with controlled long-range interactions. Experiments on many-body systems out of equilibrium have also provided results in regimes unavailable to the most advanced supercomputers. We review recent experimental progress in this field and comment on future directions.
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“atomic gases enjoy an extraordinary level of cleanness and control at the microscopic level, which permits a quantitative comparison with ab initio theoretical calculations.”
From How to exploit driving and dissipation to stabilize and manipulate quantum many-body states (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
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“Quantum simulation of unitary many-body systems has been studied and experimentally implemented on several physical platforms [2,4], including superconducting quantum circuits [5–8], trapped ions [9–11], photonic systems [12], and cold atoms [13,14].”
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Spatially Tunable Spin Interactions in Neutral Atom Arrays
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Self-citationRealizing discontinuous quantum phase transitions in a strongly correlated driven optical lattice
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Adiabatic Spectroscopy and a Variational Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm
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Benchmarking Quantum Simulators Using Ergodic Quantum Dynamics
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Programmable Quantum Annealing Architectures with Ising Quantum Wires
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A many-body heat engine at criticality
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Coherent and dissipative dynamics of entangled few-body systems of Rydberg atoms
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Full Counting Statistics of Charge in Chaotic Many-Body Quantum Systems
McCulloch, E., Nardis, J. D., Gopalakrishnan, S., & Vasseur, R. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.131.210402 · Cited by 43
Boiling Quantum Vacuum: Thermal Subsystems from Ground-State Entanglement
Moghaddam, A. G., Pöyhönen, K., & Ojanen, T. (2022) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.3.030335 · Cited by 4
“[45] Christian Gross and Immanuel Bloch, “Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices,” Science 357, 995 (2017).”
BackgroundSchlosser, M., Tichelmann, S., Schäffner, D., de Mello, D. O., Hambach, M., Schütz, J., & Birkl, G. (2019) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.130.180601 · Cited by 48
“ter a regime that has formerly been accessible only by phase-sensitive standing wave configurations [63, 64], yet they retain the simplicity and robustness of the MLAbased optical setup as well as their inherent features of coherent quantum state transport [18] and single-site addressability for qubit and spin-state m…”
BackgroundFast Wide‐Field Quantum Sensor Based on Solid‐State Spins Integrated with a SPAD Array
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Z2 lattice gauge theories and Kitaev's toric code: A scheme for analog quantum simulation
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“ultracold atoms, ions and superconducting qubits, have already demonstrated excellent coherent control over their individual constituents [12–14].”
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“Recent years have witnessed many breakthroughs in quantum simulation of strongly correlated many-body problems with dilute gases of ultracold particles [1, 2].”
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“Optical lattices provide ultracold atoms with a crystalline environment of comparable purity, and also with an effectively infinite Debye temperature [5].”
BackgroundGenerating Function for Projected Entangled-Pair States
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“The former are often directly measurable in spectroscopic experiments within condensed matter physics, such as inelastic neutron scattering experiments in quantum magnets [3], while out-of-equilibrium properties are accessible in quantum simulators [4].”
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“[2] Christian Gross and Immanuel Bloch, “Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices,” Science 357, 995–1001 (2017).”
BackgroundSymmetry enhanced variational quantum spin eigensolver
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BackgroundEntanglement View of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions
Nicola, S. D., Michailidis, A. A., & Serbyn, M. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.040602 · Cited by 81
“—The rapid development of different quantum simulation platforms [1, 2] fuels the exploration of new non-equilibrium phenomena that can be probed in isolated interacting quantum systems.”
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“Contact interacting quantum gases of atoms have been instrumental in unraveling the physics of super-fluids [1] and enabling quantum simulation of Hubbard physics [2, 3].”
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Expansion Dynamics of a Shell-Shaped Bose-Einstein Condensate.
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Well-conditioned multi-product formulas for hardware-friendly Hamiltonian simulation
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“For example, the combinations [1, 2], [1, 3], and [2, 4] all have the same accuracy as a first-order formula with 24 Trotter steps, see green crosses in Fig.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe reservoir learning power across quantum many-body localization transition
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“computer is still unavailable, a large degree of controllability has been available in a broad spectrum of noise-intermediatescale quantum (NISQ) devices [3–5], including atomic [6], photonic [7, 8], and solid-state systems [9, 10], whose numerical simulations are exponentially costly in classical computation resource…”
BackgroundRealization of a bosonic antiferromagnet
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Optimal compression of quantum many-body time evolution operators into brickwall circuits
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Optical cycling, radiative deflection and laser cooling of barium monohydride (138Ba1H)
Mcnally, R., Kozyryev, I., Vazquez-Carson, S., Wenz, K., Wang, T., & Zelevinsky, T. (2020) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aba3e9 · Cited by 43
“While primarily relying on rigorous angular momentum selection rules present only in a handful of atoms, laser-cooled atomic samples have provided an extremely fruitful experimental platform for probing important condensed matter models [7], studying exotic phases of matter [8], and developing new quantum sensors and…”
BackgroundQuantum Synchronization in Dimer Atomic Lattices.
Cabot, A., Giorgi, G., Galve, F., & Zambrini, R. (2019) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.123.023604 · Cited by 43
Emergence of classical objectivity of quantum Darwinism in a photonic quantum simulator
Chen, M.-C., Zhong, H.-S., Li, Y., Wu, D., Wang, X., Li, L., Liu, N.-L., Lu, C., & Pan, J.-W. (2019) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2019.03.032 · Cited by 50
Shadow Tomography from Emergent State Designs in Analog Quantum Simulators
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Moiré straintronics: a universal platform for reconfigurable quantum materials
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Quantum State Control of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in an Optical Lattice
Dupont, N., Chatelain, G., Gabardos, L., Arnal, M., Billy, J., Peaudecerf, B., Sugny, D., & Guéry-Odelin, D. (2021) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.2.040303 · Cited by 57
Monitoring Quantum Simulators via Quantum Nondemolition Couplings to Atomic Clock Qubits
Vasilyev, D. V., Grankin, A., Baranov, M. A., Sieberer, L. M., & Zoller, P. (2020) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.1.020302 · Cited by 43
“[16] Christian Gross and Immanuel Bloch, “Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices,” Science 357, 995–1001 (2017).”
BackgroundEquation of State and Thermometry of the 2D SU(N) Fermi-Hubbard Model.
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“Ultracold atoms in an optical lattice have provided valuable quantum simulations of the SU(2) FHM [24].”
BackgroundSelf-citationQuantum simulator to emulate lower-dimensional molecular structure
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“In order to provide insight into interacting lower dimensional systems and to take advantage of the resultant fragile many-body states of matter, new types of tunable quantum simulators have been developed toward the bottom-up design of many-body Hamiltonians (12-20).”
BackgroundScaling of temporal entanglement in proximity to integrability
Lerose, A., Sonner, M., & Abanin, D. (2021) · Physical review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.104.035137 · Cited by 41
“Furthermore, experimental quantum simulation platforms may give access to certain regimes of quantum dynamics that are beyond the reach of classical methods [28, 29].”
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“) + U 2 j ̂ aj † ̂ aj † ̂ a j ̂ a j + j ( V j − ) ̂ aj † ̂ a j (1)”
BackgroundRevivals imply quantum many-body scars
Alhambra, A. M., Anshu, A., & Wilming, H. (2020) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.101.205107 · Cited by 48
Challenges and opportunities for quantum information hardware
Awschalom, D. D., Bernien, H., Hanson, R., Oliver, W. D., & Vučković, J. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adz8659 · Cited by 29
Dropping an impurity into a Chern insulator: A polaron view on topological matter
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“Analog-quantum simulations have been performed on several platforms, including superconducting structures 30,31 , neutral-atom assemblies 32,33 , photonic architectures 34 and trapped-ion systems 35,36 .”
Observation of hydrodynamization and local prethermalization in 1D Bose gases
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Scalable Hamiltonian learning for large-scale out-of-equilibrium quantum dynamics
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“[10] Christian Gross and Immanuel Bloch, “Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices,” Science 357, 995–1001 (2017).”
BackgroundQuantum state transfer via acoustic edge states in a 2D optomechanical array
Lemonde, M.-A., Peano, V., Rabl, P., & Angelakis, D. G. (2019) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ab51f5 · Cited by 42
“For this purpose, a number of physical platforms, such as superconducting circuits [1], cold atoms in optical lattices [2, 3], trapped ions [4], Rydberg atoms [5] and defect centers in solids [6–10], are actively investigated.”
BackgroundObservation of the Crossover from Photon Ordering to Delocalization in Tunably Coupled Resonators
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Realization of a Rydberg-dressed extended Bose-Hubbard model
Weckesser, P., Srakaew, K., Blatz, T., Wei, D., Adler, D., Agrawal, S., Bohrdt, A., Bloch, I., & Zeiher, J. (2025) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adq7082 · Cited by 29
Self-citationMeterscale Strong Coupling between Magnons and Photons.
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Effective light cone and digital quantum simulation of interacting bosons
Kuwahara, T., Vu, T. V., & Saito, K. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-46501-7 · Cited by 33
Evidence for Moiré Trions in Twisted MoSe2 Homobilayers
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Control of spontaneous emission dynamics in microcavities with chiral exceptional surfaces
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Engineered thermalization and cooling of quantum many-body systems
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gross, C., & Bloch, I.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Gross, Christian
- Bloch, Immanuel
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2017-09-08
- Volume
- 357
- Issue
- 6355
- Pages
- 995-1001
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2752346050
- Cited by
- 1,527
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 129 · 2025: 253 · 2024: 206 · 2023: 215 · 2022: 183 · 2021: 179 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- quantum simulation, ultracold atoms, optical lattices, quantum gas microscope, quantum many-body systems, quantum magnetism, topological materials, long-range interactions
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