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Quantum simulations with ultracold atoms in optical lattices
Abstract
Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum many-body problems. Within this setting, quantum gas microscopes enable single atom observation and manipulation in large samples. Ultracold atom-based quantum simulators have already been used to probe quantum magnetism, to realize and detect topological quantum matter, and to study quantum systems with controlled long-range interactions. Experiments on many-body systems out of equilibrium have also provided results in regimes unavailable to the most advanced supercomputers. We review recent experimental progress in this field and comment on future directions.
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“atomic gases enjoy an extraordinary level of cleanness and control at the microscopic level, which permits a quantitative comparison with ab initio theoretical calculations.”
From How to exploit driving and dissipation to stabilize and manipulate quantum many-body states (2025) · cites this paper as [2]
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Quasi-Adiabatic Processing of Thermal States
Irmejs, R., Bañuls, M., & Cirac, J. I. (2025) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2026-03-10-2018 · Cited by 3
“Recent advances in platforms using superconducting circuits [1], trapped ions [2], Rydberg atoms [3], and cold atoms [4] offer unprecedented control to probe quantum many-body systems, directly avoiding the exponential overhead incurred when simulating these systems on classical computers.”
Guthardt, T., Scheb, M., von Delft, J., Grusdt, F., & Bohrdt, A. (2025) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/bm51-wq36 · Cited by 1
Simulating quantum Hall physics in ultracold atomic gases: prospects and challenges
Nascimbène, S. (2025) · Comptes Rendus Physique · doi:10.5802/crphys.243 · Cited by 2
Tensor Cross Interpolation of Purities in Quantum Many-Body Systems
Kolisnyk, D., Medina, R., Vasseur, R., & Serbyn, M. (2025) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2026-05-22-2114 · Cited by 3
Nonlinear tripartite coupling of trapped electrons with magnons in a hybrid quantum system
Pan, X.-F., & Li, P.-B. (2025) · Communications Physics · doi:10.1038/s42005-026-02746-w · Cited by 3
“In addition, the energy spacing between the ground and first excited states of the electrons motion in the x direction is on the order of THz, far exceeding the thermal energy at millikelvin temperatures, so this degree of freedom is effectively frozen and its dynamics can be neglected [8, 9].”
InfluentialWeyl semimetallic, Néel, spiral, and vortex states in the Rashba-Hubbard model
Sousa-Júnior, S. D. A., & Mondaini, R. (2025) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.111.075166 · Cited by 4
“The interest in such emulators is owed to their tunability in the interaction strength they offer [26], which can result in engineered DMI.”
Emptiness instanton in quantum polytropic gas
Abanov, A., & Gangardt, D. M. (2024) · SciPost Physics · doi:10.21468/scipostphys.18.4.122 · Cited by 3
Quantum beating and cyclic structures in the phase-space dynamics of the Kramers-Henneberger atom
Aynul, A. T., Rodriguez, L. C., & Faria, C. F. D. M. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.043102 · Cited by 3
“For instance, optical lattices are instrumental in laser cooling and the production of Bose-Einstein condensates [1,2], and have also been widely explored for quantum simulations [3].”
One-dimensional quench dynamics in an optical lattice: Sine-Gordon and Bose-Hubbard descriptions
Roy, S., Roy, R., Trombettoni, A., Chakrabarti, B., & Gammal, A. (2025) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.111.013315 · Cited by 1
Floquet dynamical chiral spin liquid at finite frequency
Poilblanc, D., Mambrini, M., & Goldman, N. (2024) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.110.224408 · Cited by 3
“Quantum simulators based on cold atoms trapped in two-dimensional (2D) optical lattices o ff er new realistic perspectives in emulating correlated electronic systems [1–3].”
Burba, D., Juzeliūnas, G., Spielman, I. B., & Barbiero, L. (2025) · Communications Physics · doi:10.1038/s42005-025-02043-y · Cited by 3
“Inthisrespect,promisinginitialresultsinspeci fi cgeometriesof tweezer-arrays of Rydberg atoms have been obtained 24,25 , however, complimentary experimental realizations for itinerant systems such as neutral atomsinopticallattices 26,27 arelacking.”
Nonlocal order parameter of pair superfluids
Cuzzuol, N., Barbiero, L., & Montorsi, A. (2024) · SciPost Physics Core · doi:10.21468/scipostphyscore.8.1.020 · Cited by 3
“Relevantly, from SSB [18–24] to low dimensional Mott [25–28] and topological [29, 30] insulators, experimental setups working with ultracold atoms [31, 32] have allowed for an in depth description of such states of quantum matter.”
Nonlinear localization of ultracold atomic Fermi gas in moiré optical lattices
Liu, X.-Y., & Zeng, J.-H. (2024) · Advanced Photonics Nexus · doi:10.1117/1.apn.3.3.036006 · Cited by 3
Septembre, I., Leblanc, C., Solnyshkov, D. D., & Malpuech, G. (2024) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.133.266602 · Cited by 11
Scalable Quantum Processor Based on Superconducting Fluxonium Qubits
Mazhorin, G. S., Kazmina, A. S., Chudakova, T. A., Simakov, I. A., Maleeva, N., Moskalenko, I. N., & Ryazanov, V. V. (2024) · Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1007/s11141-024-10341-8 · Cited by 3
Heurtel, N. (2024) · Annual Conference for Computer Science Logic · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2402.17693 · Cited by 3
“There are two auxiliary photon generated on the bottom left: if exactly one photon is detected for each of the two last wires on the bottom right, then we know we have performed the operation | 11 ⟩ 7→ − | 11 ⟩ on the two first wires.”
Rahaman, B., Baidya, S., & Dutta, S. (2024) · Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0193481 · Cited by 3
Free electron topological bound state induced by a light beam with a twisted wavefront
Pan, Y.-M., Yin, R.-Y., Ding, Y.-C., Wang, H., Podolsky, D., & Zhang, B. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-76021-5 · Cited by 3
Reconstructing Complex States of a 20 -Qubit Quantum Simulator
Kurmapu, M. K., Tiunova, V. V., Tiunov, E., Ringbauer, M., Maier, C., Blatt, R., Monz, T., Fedorov, A. K., & Lvovsky, A. I. (2023) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.4.040345 · Cited by 25
Huang, T.-S., Lunts, P., & Hafezi, M. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.132.186202 · Cited by 3
Emergence of a quasiergodic steady state in a dissipative Tavis-Cummings array
Mondal, D., Sengupta, K., & Sinha, S. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.110.042207 · Cited by 6
Magneto-optical trap performance for high-bandwidth applications
Adams, B., Kinge, S., Bongs, K., & Lien, Y.-H. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.108.063111 · Cited by 3
“The exploration of these fields has resulted in numerous applications in fundamental research and increasingly real-world scenarios such as metrology [5], sensing [6], quantum simulation [7, 8], quantum information processing [9, 10] and so on.”
Competing order in two-band Bose-Hubbard chains with extended-range interactions
Watanabe, Y., Bhattacharya, U., Chhajlany, R., Argüello-Luengo, J., Lewenstein, M., & Grass, T. (2023) · Physical review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.109.l100507 · Cited by 3
Canonical Typicality under General Quantum Channels.
Correia, P. S., Carvalho, G., de Oliveira, T. R., Vallejos, R. O., & de Melo, F. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.133.060401 · Cited by 3
Chaos and anomalous transport in a semiclassical Bose-Hubbard chain.
Marković, D., & Čubrović, M. (2023) · Physical Review E · doi:10.1103/physreve.109.034213 · Cited by 3
“In recent years there is in particular a surge of interest in quantum chaos, prompted by several novel developments: experimental realization in an increasingly rich array of cold-atom systems [1], the appearance of novel theoretical models such as the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model [2–4], the appearance of sensitive t…”
BackgroundBuilding entanglement entropy out of correlation functions for interacting fermions
Moitra, S., & Sensarma, R. (2023) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.108.174309 · Cited by 4
“Even in highly controllable systems like ultracold atoms [42], experiments can at best have knowledge of few-body correlations [43–45].”
BackgroundSzczepkowski, J., Gronowski, M., Grochoła, A., Jastrzebski, W., Tomza, M., & Kowalczyk, P. (2023) · Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02056 · Cited by 3
“a plethora of ground-breaking experiments ranging from quantum-controlled collisions and chemical reactions [2] to quantum simulations [3] and precision measurements of fundamental constants and their spatiotemporal variation [4].”
BackgroundMany-body correlations in one-dimensional optical lattices with alkaline-earth(-like) atoms
Bilokon, V., Bilokon, E., Bañuls, M. C., Cichy, A., & Sotnikov, A. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-37077-1 · Cited by 4
“Although it is possible to use TN directly for fermionic systems [39–42], for onedimensional problems it is convenient to employ the Jordan– Wigner (JW) transformation [43] and map the original twoorbital Fermi–Hubbard model (1) to the Hamiltonian of a spin chain.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHigh-momentum oscillating tails of strongly interacting one-dimensional gases in a box
Aupetit-Diallo, G., Musolino, S., Albert, M., & Vignolo, P. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.107.l061301 · Cited by 3
Spin conductivity spectrum and spin superfluidity in a binary Bose mixture
Sekino, Y., Tajima, H., & Uchino, S. (2023) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.5.023058 · Cited by 3
Long-Time Equilibration Can Determine Transient Thermality
Hovhannisyan, K. V., Nemati, S., Henkel, C., & Anders, J. (2023) · PRX Quantum · doi:10.1103/prxquantum.4.030321 · Cited by 3
Wu, Y., Zheng, Z., Qiu, X., Zhuang, L., Guo, G., Zou, X., & Liu, W. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.107.043304 · Cited by 8
Depletion in fermionic chains with inhomogeneous hoppings
Mula, B., de Buruaga, N. S.-S., Sierra, G., Santalla, S. N., & Rodríguez-Laguna, J. (2022) · Physical review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.106.224204 · Cited by 3
“Beyond its relevance in condensed matter physics, they constitute one of the basic structures behind quantum simulators [1, 2], which promise to help understand many interesting phenomena.”
BackgroundDynamic Polarizability of the 85Rb 5D3/2-State in 1064 nm Light
Duspayev, A., Cardman, R., & Raithel, G. A. (2022) · Atoms · doi:10.3390/atoms10040117 · Cited by 3
Coupled layer construction for synthetic Hall effects in driven systems
Long, D. M., Crowley, P. J. D., & Chandran, A. (2022) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.106.144203 · Cited by 4
Quantum algorithms for simulation of quantum chemistry problems by quantum computers: an appraisal
Sharma, S. (2022) · Foundations of Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s10698-022-09428-9 · Cited by 3
“Some feasible quantum simulator architectures include (Cory et al. 2000; Knill et al. 2001; Manousakis 2002; Schindler et al. 2011; Web et al. 2013; Gross and Bloch 2017): nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), quantum linear optics, trapped ions, superconducting circuits, Quantum dots and cold atoms.”
BackgroundExperimental study of the 3Πg3 and <mml:math xmlns:mml="ht
Arndt, P., Sovkov, V., Ma, J., Pan, X., Beecher, D., Tsai, J.-Y., Livingston, R., Marcune, V. M., Lyyra, A., & Ahmed, E. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.032823 · Cited by 3
Cai, B.-J., & Li, B.-A. (2022) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.105.064607 · Cited by 11
Discrete time crystal in a driven-dissipative Bose-Hubbard model with two-photon processes
Liu, T., Zhang, Y.-R., Xu, K., Cui, J., & Fan, H. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.013710 · Cited by 3
Two-particle states in one-dimensional coupled Bose-Hubbard models
Li, Y.-B., Schneble, D., & Wei, T.-C. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.053310 · Cited by 3
Fast spin squeezing by distance-selective long-range interactions with Rydberg molecule dressing
Wu, H.-Z., Lin, X.-Y., Ding, Z.-X., Zheng, S.-B., Lesanovsky, I., & Li, W.-B. (2021) · Science China Physics Mechanics and Astronomy · doi:10.1007/s11433-022-1910-0 · Cited by 3
Atom-Mechanical Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference
Manukhova, A. D., Rakhubovsky, A. A., & Filip, R. (2022) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2022-04-13-686 · Cited by 2
Measurement of the tune-out wavelength for Cs133 at 880 nm
Ratkata, A., Gregory, P. D., Innes, A. D., Matthies, A. J., McArd, L. A., Mortlock, J. M., Safronova, M. S., Bromley, S., & Cornish, S. L. (2021) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.104.052813 · Cited by 15
Emerging (2+1) D massive graviton in graphene-like systems
Salgado-Rebolledo, P., & Pachos, J. K. (2023) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/acc124 · Cited by 4
“From realising many-body localisation [27–30] and non-ergodicity in strongly correlated systems [31, 32] to simulating lattice gauge theories [10, 33–37] or probing topological phases [38–41], optical lattice technology is an invaluable component in advances of modern physics [42].”
BackgroundQuantum hydrodynamics from local thermal pure states
Tsutsui, S., Hongo, M., Sato, S., & Sagawa, T. (2021) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.4.033059 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Gross, C., & Bloch, I.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Gross, Christian
- Bloch, Immanuel
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2017-09-08
- Volume
- 357
- Issue
- 6355
- Pages
- 995-1001
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2752346050
- Cited by
- 1,527
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 129 · 2025: 253 · 2024: 206 · 2023: 215 · 2022: 183 · 2021: 179 · 2020: 155 · 2019: 129 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 6.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Mechanics and Applications
- Keywords
- quantum simulation, ultracold atoms, optical lattices, quantum gas microscope, quantum many-body systems, quantum magnetism, topological materials, long-range interactions
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