Cited by 368Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringEEG and Brain-Computer InterfacesMuscle activation and electromyography studies

Restoring sensorimotor function through intracortical interfaces: progress and looming challenges

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Bensmaia, Sliman J., Miller, Lee E.·2014·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

Abstract

The loss of a limb or paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury has devastating consequences on quality of life. One approach to restoring lost sensory and motor abilities in amputees and patients with tetraplegia is to supply them with implants that provide a direct interface with the CNS. Such brain–machine interfaces might enable a patient to exert voluntary control over a prosthetic or robotic limb or over the electrically induced contractions of paralysed muscles. A parallel interface could convey sensory information about the consequences of these movements back to the patient. Recent developments in the algorithms that decode motor intention from neuronal activity and in approaches to convey sensory feedback by electrically stimulating neurons, using biomimetic and adaptation-based approaches, have shown the promise of invasive interfaces with sensorimotor cortices, although substantial challenges remain.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nrn3724

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  • These flexible stimulators function by releasing electrical and optical signals into the brain, spinal cord, and periphery nerves to achieve neural modulation for sensory perception and motor rehabilitation.

    “These flexible stimulators function by releasing (electrical and optical) signals into the brain,[272] spinal cord,[522] and periphery nerves[529] to achieve neural modulation for associated sensory perception and motor rehabilitation.”

    From Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human–Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics (2022) · cites this paper as [272]

    The section on eliciting somatosensory percepts through cortical stimulation describes electrical stimulation of the brain to evoke sensations and discusses optogenetic stimulation as a possible approach. It does not establish that flexible stimulators deliver both electrical and optical signals to the brain for sensory perception and motor rehabilitation; the optical approach is presented as prospective. In the printed sentence, this citation is attached to the brain, not the spinal-cord or peripheral-nerve claims. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • ICMS pulse trains transferred through implanted electrodes (UEAs) in a monkey can restore sensory feedback.

    “In other studies, ICMS pulse trains have been transferred through implanted electrodes (UEAs) in a monkey for restoration of sensory feedback (Bensmaia and Miller, 2014; Chen et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2015).”

    From Selectivity and Longevity of Peripheral-Nerve and Machine Interfaces: A Review. (2017) · cites this paper as Bensmaia and Miller, 2014

    In “Adaptation in sensory BMIs” (page unavailable), the review reports that a monkey used somatosensory ICMS delivered across eight electrodes to guide a cursor. In “Elicitation of somatosensory percepts through cortical stimulation” (page unavailable), it describes monkey experiments with ICMS pulse trains, but frames restoring lost touch and proprioception as a future goal. The passages do not identify the electrodes as UEAs or establish that sensory feedback was restored in the monkey. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Subcutaneous invasive electrophysiological signals can be obtained through brain interfaces, ECoG on the cortical surface, and LFPs from electrodes inserted into the cortex.

    “Subcutaneous invasive electrophysiological signals can be derived through brain interfaces,[270–272] using electrocorticography (ECoG)[273,274] on the cortical surface as well as local field potentials (LFP)[275,276] extracted from electrodes inserted into the cortex.”
  • Sophisticated approaches have been developed to control prosthetic hands intuitively.

    “Major strides have been made in the development of approaches to control these hands either by decoding motor intent from myoelectric signals (Fougner et al., 2012;Schultz and Kuiken, 2011) or from the activation of neurons in motor cortex (Bensmaia and Miller, 2014;Wodlinger et al., 2015).”

    From Biomimetic approaches to bionic touch through a peripheral nerve interface (2015) · cites this paper as Bensmaia and Miller, 2014

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2 of the 197 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [144]Yu B, Cunningham J, Shenoy K & Sahani M in Neural Information Processing; Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 4984 (eds Ishikawa M, Doya K, Miyamoto H & Yamakawa T) 586– 595 (Springer, 2008).
  2. [192]Malarkey E & Parpura V in Brain Edema XIV Vol. 106 Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum (eds Czernicki Z) 337– 341 (Springer, 2010).

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Authors
Bensmaia, S. J., & Miller, L. E.
Affiliations
Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author
Miller, Lee E.
Venue
Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Published
2014-04-17
Volume
15
Issue
5
Pages
313-325
ISSN
  • 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
  • 1471-0048
OpenAlex
W2074613775
Cited by
368
References
197
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1
FWCI
4.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ns048845-09)
  • U.S. Public Health Service (082865)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-048845, R01-NS-048845, R01NS082865, R01NS053603, #NS053603)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
Keywords
sensorimotor cortex, prosthetic control, tetraplegia, spinal cord injury, amputation, motor intention decoding, sensory feedback, electrical stimulation of neurons
MeSH terms
Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Humans, Movement, Paralysis, User-Computer Interface, Prostheses and Implants, Recovery of Function

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