The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 30 of the 69 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Recreating the heart's helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning
Open accessAbstract
Helical alignments within the heart's musculature have been speculated to be important in achieving physiological pumping efficiencies. Testing this possibility is difficult, however, because it is challenging to reproduce the fine spatial features and complex structures of the heart's musculature using current techniques. Here we report focused rotary jet spinning (FRJS), an additive manufacturing approach that enables rapid fabrication of micro/nanofiber scaffolds with programmable alignments in three-dimensional geometries. Seeding these scaffolds with cardiomyocytes enabled the biofabrication of tissue-engineered ventricles, with helically aligned models displaying more uniform deformations, greater apical shortening, and increased ejection fractions compared with circumferential alignments. The ability of FRJS to control fiber arrangements in three dimensions offers a streamlined approach to fabricating tissues and organs, with this work demonstrating how helical architectures contribute to cardiac performance.
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Claims the paper makes
27 Own interpretation · 21 Sources not found · 19 Own result · 12 Partly supported · 8 No basis given · 5 No full text of the sources · 4 Supported · 1 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · 1 Own method · accuracy not yet measured
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In the paper
“showing that the biomechanics of these single-layer ventricle models is consistent with theoretical predictions from the past 50 years (3, 4, 25).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [3] source
The Discussion (page unavailable) presents a mathematical model of fibers on ventricular surfaces and predicts how fiber orientation and shortening affect ejection fraction. It finds that helical fibers can produce normal ejection fractions, whereas circular fibers cannot explain ejection fractions above 0.5. This supports citing Sallin as a source of earlier theoretical predictions; the comparison with the citing authors’ models is their own conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] source
- Partly supportedcites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) says the paper’s whole-heart simulation predicts mechanical deformation and muscle-fiber strain that agree with clinical observations and engineering intuition; it also compares ventricular shortening with a previous simulation. It does not establish that single-layer ventricle models agree with theoretical predictions spanning the past 50 years. (LLM, conf=0.76)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
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In the paper
“some cardiomyopathies can exhibit maladaptive tissue remodeling (14, 15), which may result in more circumferential alignments of the musculature (12, 13, 15).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [14] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion and Chip Design sections describe maladaptive remodeling and local myocyte realignment in a model of failing myocardium, with misalignment resembling that reported in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. They do not establish that cardiomyopathies produce more circumferential alignment of the musculature; the reported change is local, stretch-induced disorganization. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Partly supportedcites [15] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion describes adverse left-ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction and relates it to circumferential function. It does not report that remodeling causes the musculature to become more circumferentially aligned; strain and function are not measures of fiber alignment. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Supportedcites [12] source
The Discussion reports an increased proportion of circumferentially oriented cardiomyocytes in the dilated right ventricle and describes this as a potentially disadvantageous consequence of dilation. The Conclusion says this remodeling might not fully achieve its intended benefit. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Supportedcites [13] source
The Results (Diffusion tensor CMR; page unavailable) report that two left-ventricular regions in rats with pressure-overload hypertrophy had slightly more circumferential helix angles than controls. The Background describes pressure-overload remodeling as initially compensatory but potentially progressing to impaired cardiac function. Together, these passages support the qualified claim that remodeling in some disease settings may accompany more circumferential muscle alignment. (LLM, conf=0.85)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Scaling Sallin’s model to physiological relevant strains (~15 to 20%) (3), we noted that single-angle ventricles could achieve EFs of only up to ~43% (α = 30°) (see supplementary materials for details).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [3] source
The Introduction says isolated papillary muscle rarely shortens by more than 20%, and the Ellipse of Revolution section treats 15% fiber shortening as nominal. These support the physiological range attached to the Sallin citation. The ~43% EF at α = 30° is presented as the citing authors’ own scaling, not as a result reported by Sallin. (LLM, conf=0.90)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
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In the paper
“These values were consistent with previous reports of in vitro tissues composed of immature cardiomyocytes, where factors such as geometry, calcium handling, and gap junction expression can influence CV (24, 34, 35).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Calcium wave propagation
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [24] source
The Tissue-engineered ventricle chamber section reports calcium wavefront propagation velocities of 9.33 cm/s and 5.2 cm/s in engineered ventricles. It explicitly says these values are comparable to those in tissues composed of immature cells, where cell geometry, calcium handling, and gap junction expression and distribution limit conduction velocity relative to mature tissues. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Partly supportedcites [34] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract (page unavailable) reports conduction velocities in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocyte strands, and the discussion of gap-junctional uncoupling (page unavailable) links conduction slowing to cell coupling and calcium current. The paper also discusses strand geometry, but it does not specifically establish that calcium handling influences conduction velocity. The citing paper’s own velocity values are not supplied here, so their numerical consistency cannot be checked. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Partly supportedcites [35] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Sections II and III (page numbers unavailable) describe engineered neonatal cardiomyocyte strands and report that cell size, tissue geometry, and connexin expression affect propagation velocity. Section IV discusses calcium inward current during propagation, but does not establish the broader claim about calcium handling in immature in vitro tissues. The cited review also does not provide values with which to verify the stated consistency. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Overall, these results were consistent with the projections of previous analytical and computational models (3, 25, 36) in that they showed more-homogeneous deformations for HA ventricles.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [3] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) identifies this as a mathematical model of helically arranged ventricular fibers and reports predicted ejection fractions. It does not report that helical-fiber ventricles deform more homogeneously than a comparator, so the attributed projection about deformation homogeneity is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.78)
- Could not verifycites [25] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Results §5.1 says mechanical deformation is not homogeneous, despite homogeneous electrical potential. The paper models helically arranged ventricular fibers (§4.1), but the passages found do not compare deformation homogeneity in HA ventricles with another ventricular arrangement. The statement that deformation is not homogeneous does not by itself rule out a comparative finding of *more* homogeneous deformation. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [36] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In a healthy heart, kinetic energy is stored during contraction in the sarcomeric protein titin and is subsequently released during relaxation (38), giving rise to rotational displacements, or ventricular twist (1, 38).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular twist
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] source
- Partly supportedcites [1] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The 'Link Between Myofiber Geometry and Twist Mechanics' section describes ventricular rotation during contraction and release of stored energy during relaxation. But it identifies that energy as potential energy stored in the deformed subendocardial matrix, not kinetic energy stored in titin; it also describes the release as torsional recoil, rather than the origin of the contraction-phase twist. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seeding these scaffolds with cardiomyocytes enabled the biofabrication of tissue-engineered ventricles”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with helically aligned models displaying more uniform deformations, greater apical shortening, and increased ejection fractions compared with circumferential alignments.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with helically aligned models displaying more uniform deformations, greater apical shortening, and increased ejection fractions compared with circumferential alignments.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with helically aligned models displaying more uniform deformations, greater apical shortening, and increased ejection fractions compared with circumferential alignments.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This approach allows for the rapid manufacturing of fiber constructs with programmable fiber alignments in three dimensions.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In FRJS, decoupling the fiber formation and patterning processes is realized by creating a focused stream of preformed fibers (Fig. 1, A to C; fig. S1, and movie S1).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Fiber manufacture using focused rotary jet spinning
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In the paper
“Focusing the fibers in this manner enables them to be conformally deposited, meaning that fibers will adhere well to convex structures or features with curvature radii that exceed the focal spot size (fig. S4).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Fiber manufacture using focused rotary jet spinning
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S4)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The jet stream then allows for fibers to become aligned and confined in a small region, focusing them for patterning.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Fiber manufacture using focused rotary jet spinning
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we used FRJS to manufacture both helically aligned (HA) and circumferentially aligned (CA) tissue-engineered models of the left ventricle”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Here we report focused rotary jet spinning (FRJS), an additive manufacturing approach that enables rapid fabrication of micro/nanofiber scaffolds with programmable alignments in three-dimensional geometries.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Using PIV, we then evaluated the instantaneous mass flux resulting from ventricle contraction (fig. S15 and movie S10) and observed cyclic outputs, with fluid being expelled during systole and refill occurring during diastole (Fig. 3, C and D).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Cardiac output and ejection fractions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S15 and movie S10)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites (Fig. 3, C and D)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“After fiber manufacture, gelatin fiber scaffolds were then seeded with either primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) or human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), resulting in confluent tissues with depths between one to three layers of cardiomyocytes (fig. S8).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Building helically aligned models of the left ventricle
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S8)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we then used FRJS to produce both CA (α = 0°) and HA (α = 30°) (60° with respect to the ventricle’s long axis) single-layer models of the left ventricle (Fig. 2A).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Building helically aligned models of the left ventricle
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Additionally, we showed that this approach could be used with a variety of material compositions, such as nylon, polyurethane, and gelatin, while maintaining single-micrometer fiber diameters (fig. S5).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Fiber manufacture using focused rotary jet spinning
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S5)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Next, after seeding 3D scaffolds with either NRVMs (movie S5) or hiPSC-CMs (movie S6), spontaneous contractions were observed after 3 to 5 days.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Building helically aligned models of the left ventricle
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This resulted in tissues with a highly anisotropic distribution and cell alignment that conformed to the underlying fiber orientation (Fig. 2B and fig. S10).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Building helically aligned models of the left ventricle
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (Fig. 2B and fig. S10)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We observed that FRJS was able to accurately reproduce these structures, as confirmed by x-ray micro–computed tomography (μCT).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Controlled distribution of fiber alignment
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This showed that, at the narrowest point, 95% of fiber deposition occurred within a spot size of 5.0 ± 0.3 cm (2σ of Gaussian distribution) (Fig. 1B, ii, and fig. S4).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Fiber manufacture using focused rotary jet spinning
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we observed that CA scaffolds showed minimal twist (1.35 ± 1.1°, n = 7 ventricles).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular twist
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In the paper
“Individual chambers were then connected by chemical annealing before the interior supports were dissolved, resulting in standalone fiber scaffolds (Fig. 4F).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (Fig. 4F)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“DCVs were then seeded with either hiPSC-CMs or NRVMs, forming contractile tissue constructs (Fig. 4C, fig. S18A, and movies S14 to S15).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (Fig. 4C, fig. S18A, and movies S14 to S15)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“DCVs were fabricated using a multistage process, creating inner and outer helical layers, with an intermediate circumferential sheet reminiscent of the native myocardium (fig. S17, Fig. 4, A and B, and movie S11).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S17, Fig. 4, A and B, and movie S11)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“To demonstrate the ability of FRJS to enable hierarchical biofabrication, a full-size model of the human heart musculature was constructed. This model was assembled by individually patterning micro/nanofibers onto dissolvable collectors in the shape of each of the heart’s four chambers (fig. S20).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S20)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“We then spun fibers onto ventricle-shaped targets of varying size, ranging from ~1 to 20 cm in diameter (fig. S19 and movie S16).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S19 and movie S16)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“These competing helical structures were confirmed with mCT, indicating three distinct transmural layers along the septal wall (Fig. 4B and movies S12 and S13).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (Fig. 4B and movies S12 and S13)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because fibers can be used to direct tissue formation, it is possible to recreate complex anatomies that were hitherto unobtainable via current biofabrication techniques.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: Fibers can be used to direct tissue formation.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“In the heart, helical alignments are supported by extracellularmatrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen fibrils (8, 16), the diameters of which are on the order of a single micrometer.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [8] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [16]
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with this work demonstrating how helical architectures contribute to cardiac performance.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collectively, this work reveals how a FRJS-based approach to biofabrication can be used to rapidly create robust model organs, with increased geometric complexity.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ability of FRJS to control fiber arrangements in three dimensions offers a streamlined approach to fabricating tissues and organs”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is the result of a fundamental limitation in 3D extrusion printing, whereby throughput declines rapidly with respect to feature size.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, reproducing the fine spatial features required to potentiate muscular alignment while retaining practical production rates is difficult.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data demonstrate that FRJS could be used to form 3D contractile cardiac models.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Building helically aligned models of the left ventricle
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Fiber scaffolds were designed to have mechanical properties consistent with those of human heart tissues (fig. S7 and table S2).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Building helically aligned models of the left ventricle
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S7 and table S2)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For instance, apical shortening indicated the potential for a wringing motion or ventricle twist to occur in HA ventricles.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicated that helical alignments confer a relative increase in ventricle output.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Cardiac output and ejection fractions
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and further suggested the importance of cardiomyocyte alignment in regulating the spatiotemporal control of excitation-contraction coupling.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Calcium wave propagation
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This means that longer fibers should result in greater total displacements.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, submerged gelatin fibers are a poor dielectric, making it difficult to obtain consistent results in our synthetic scaffolds by means of conductance catheterization.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Cardiac output and ejection fractions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Submerged gelatin fibers are a poor dielectric.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“q and H(α) are defined as ≤1, which suggests that HA ventricles could produce larger EFs.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This difference may be the result of limited cardiomyocyte penetration into the fiber scaffolds (figs. S7 and S8).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (figs. S7 and S8)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These key features mark fiber-based manufacturing as a promising approach for achieving whole-organ biofabrication, which can be used as an alternative to or in conjunction with emerging biomanufacturing platforms such as 3D extrusion printing.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, these observations indicated that fiber scaffolds can also support human stem cell–derived tissues in complex geometries.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 42
- Probably not a substantial claim. 12
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“they are often characterized by concomitant changes in protein expression and metabolism (11) and are limited by their ability to control cardiac alignments (12, 13). This makes it difficult to distinguish between biomolecular and biomechanical contributions to cardiac dysfunction.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [11] source
- Could not verifycites [12] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) says that in-vivo imaging of the right ventricle lacks sufficient resolution and that ex-vivo imaging cannot reproduce in-vivo loading conditions. Neither that passage nor the other passages found addresses an inability to control cardiac alignments or a resulting difficulty separating biomolecular from biomechanical contributions. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Could not verifycites [13] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Background discusses cardiac structural orientations and mechanical gradients, while the Discussion identifies image resolution and scan time as challenges for applying the method in vivo. Neither section says that in vivo studies cannot control cardiac alignments or that this prevents distinguishing biomolecular from biomechanical contributions to dysfunction. Searched for alignment control and molecular-versus-mechanical contributions. (LLM, conf=0.72)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“The heart’s musculature is organized in a helical fashion, with cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle smoothly transitioning transmurally froma left- to right-handed helix (1).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [1] source
The Figure 2 caption in Final Comments (page not provided) states that left ventricular myofiber orientation changes smoothly from a left-handed helix in the subepicardium to a right-handed helix in the subendocardium. This supports the claimed transmural helical transition. (LLM, conf=0.95)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Over the past half-century, it has been argued that this helical arrangement represents a fundamental structural design critical to achieving large ejection fractions (EFs) (1, 3–6).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [1] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The section on myofiber geometry explains how the left ventricle’s helical fibers generate twist that assists contraction and wall thickening. The section on LV dysfunction also links impaired twist mechanics with declining ejection fraction. These passages support a connection between helical architecture and ejection, but do not establish that it is critical to achieving large ejection fractions. (LLM, conf=0.78)
- Supportedcites [3] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction argues that circular fibers cannot account for normal human ejection fractions with physiological shortening, while a helical-fiber model can. The Discussion likewise finds helical arrangements consistent with normal ejection fractions and circular arrangements inadequate above 0.5. This supports the citing sentence’s characterization of the paper’s argument as a modeling claim, rather than a direct demonstration that helical structure is uniquely necessary. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [5] source
- Partly supportedcites [6] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Comparison with the heart section recognizes helical alignment of cardiac cell aggregates and its role in generating torsional forces. The Structure section links a complex three-dimensional myocardial mesh to the deformation underlying an approximately 60% ejection fraction, but does not identify helical alignment alone as critical to that fraction. The “Feathering” section also rejects the simpler helical-band model. (LLM, conf=0.85)
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Because fiber-spinning techniques can reproduce these fine spatial features with higher throughputs, they offer a potential solution and have been used previously to engineer tissue scaffolds, such as heart valves (23) and ventricle models (24).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [23] source
The Discussion reports that JetValve produced heart-valve scaffolds in under fifteen minutes, with fiber resolution from hundreds of nanometers to microns. Citation (23) is attached to heart valves; the separate ventricle-model example is attributed to citation (24), not this paper. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Supportedcites [24] source
The Ventricle scaffold section describes producing nanofiber ventricle chambers by pull-spinning fibers onto a rotating collector. The Methods section confirms that the ventricle scaffolds were fabricated by pull-spinning, supporting this paper as the cited example of a fiber-spun ventricle model. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Rotary jet spinning produces fibers by centrifugal force, pushing polymer solutions through a small orifice in the spinneret. Subsequent jet elongation results in free-floating single-micrometer fibers (29).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Fiber manufacture using focused rotary jet spinning
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [29] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper’s process description (section labeled Abstract; page unavailable) says centrifugal and hydrostatic pressure propel polymer solution through an orifice, and jet stretching reduces its diameter. It reports fiber diameters of 50–3500 nm, which include roughly one micrometer, but does not describe the resulting fibers as free-floating; it says they were collected on a surrounding collector or coverslips. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It has been predicted that EFs should scale as 1 – k2 for CA ventricles (eq. S5) and 1 - k2 q H(α) for HA ventricles (eq. S15) (Fig. 2D) (3), with k being the strain along the fiber axis, q being the apical shortening, and H(α) being the radial shortening based on the fiber’s helical angle (eqs. S5 to S15).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [3] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract’s Fig. 2 text gives EF = 1 − k² for a cylindrical ventricle with circular fibers. The Cylinder section models helical fibers using k as the final-to-initial fiber-length ratio and q as the final-to-initial cylinder-height ratio, but gives a different EF expression involving geometry and a helix parameter; it does not give the claimed H(α) expression. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Sallin’s model predicted an EF increase of 54 to 64% for HA ventricles, which was consistent with our experimental observations (within the standard error of the mean; Fig. 3E).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Cardiac output and ejection fractions
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [3] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) calculates an ejection fraction of 0.612 for one helical-fiber model configuration and says that prediction is consistent with observations reported by Ross et al. It does not report a 54–64% increase in EF for HA ventricles. The citing authors’ comparison with their own observations, including the standard-error qualification, is not established by this source. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“It has been hypothesized that HA ventricles would display increased apical shortening (3, 36) and reduced basal displacement (9, 36), owing to differences in myofiber lengths.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [3] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Cylinder section (page unavailable) models helical fibers and permits apex-to-base shortening during systole. It does not predict increased apical shortening or reduced basal displacement, or explain such a difference by differing myofiber lengths. (LLM, conf=0.82)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [36] source
- Could not verifycites [9] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 3.1 describes helical fiber orientation and opposite rotations of the apex and base, but does not propose increased apical shortening or reduced basal displacement. Searches for those outcomes and for apex-to-base differences in myofiber length found no passage supporting the attributed hypothesis; section 2.1 instead discusses shortening across the ventricular wall. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
hedgedconditional- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“In healthy tissues, action potentials propagate faster in the direction of cell alignment, with myocytes showing slower conduction velocities (CVs) in the transverse direction (33).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Calcium wave propagation
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [33] source
Section 2.1 explicitly describes fast longitudinal propagation and slow transverse propagation. Section 2.2 explains that an impulse traveling along a myocyte’s long axis crosses fewer junctions per unit distance and therefore experiences less delay than an impulse traveling transversely. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Although the metrics presented here (e.g., EF) were greater (by a factor of ~3) than for recently reported in vitro ventricle models (24, 39), they were still substantially lower than in vivo values (tables S2 and S3).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Discussion
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [24] source
The Intra-ventricular pressure and volume measurements section reports ejection fractions of ~1% and ~0.2% for this paper’s in vitro ventricle models, establishing the prior-model values used in the citing authors’ comparison. The Discussion also says those values are roughly 50–250 times smaller than expected for healthy mammalian ventricles. The ~3-fold comparison concerns the citing authors’ own metrics; this source supplies the prior-model baseline, not that calculation. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Supportedcites [39] source
The Results section (Figure 7g) reports an average ejection fraction of 0.7% and a maximum of 6.5% for the paper’s in vitro chambered cardiac model. This supports citing it as a recently reported model and an EF benchmark. The approximately threefold comparison concerns the citing paper’s own metrics, while its comparison with in vivo values points to its own tables; neither is a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not matchedcites (tables S2 and S3)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This throughput is comparable to those of melt-blowing processes (27) but is orders of magnitude greater (~106) than that of 3D extrusion printing, the speed of which declines rapidly at single-micrometer features (as a power law, with a scaling factor of ~2.8) (Fig. 4, D and E, and eq. S1).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [27] source
The citation is attached to the melt-blowing throughput comparison, not the later claims about 3D printing. Section 2, “Melt Blowing Process and Related Polymeric Materials,” reports melt-blowing production and throughput rates, providing the cited basis for that comparison. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not matchedcites (Fig. 4, D and E, and eq. S1)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We developed focused rotary jet spinning (FRJS), an additive manufacturing method that uses centrifugal jet spinning to rapidly form polymeric micro/nanofibers, which are then focused and spatially patterned by means of a controlled airstream.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Next, in a phenomenon known as entrainment (31), fibers are pulled into a jet stream blown from the center of the spinneret. Because air speeds are orders of magnitude slower outside of the jet (fig. S2), this entrainment process minimally perturbs fiber formation (fig. S3).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Fiber manufacture using focused rotary jet spinning
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [31] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This yielded average EFs of 1.6 ± 1.1% and 3.3 ± 1.7% in the CA and HA case, respectively (n = 8 samples each), with a maximum EF of 5.9% observed in the helical case (Fig. 3E).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Cardiac output and ejection fractions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (Fig. 3E)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainn = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“we manufactured both a dual-chambered ventricle (DCV) with multiple helical angles and a full-scale human heart model (Fig. 4).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (Fig. 4)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Isochrones of the calcium propagation revealed that CA scaffolds displayed only modest CVs (8.3 cm/s) along the ventricle’s long axis, whereas HA ventricles showed increased CVs (19.1 cm/s) with respect to CA ventricles (Fig. 2C and movie S7).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Calcium wave propagation
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (Fig. 2C and movie S7)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“As predicted, CA ventricles displayed greater deformations near the base of the ventricle, whereas HA scaffolds showed more-uniform deformations (Fig. 2E).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (Fig. 2E)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“hiPSC-CMs were differentiated in vitro for 15 days total before seeding, forming visible spontaneous contractions after 7 days and staining positive for sarcomeric α-actinin (fig. S9).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Building helically aligned models of the left ventricle
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S9)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In each case, targets were coated in ~5 min, forming standalone structures that could be removed and manipulated.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Fiber manufacture using focused rotary jet spinning
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“fibers were collected on an inclined rotating cylinder to generate helical alignments (Fig. 1F and movie S3) and on an incrementally rotating disk to generate multilayered fiber sheets (fig. S6C and movie S4).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Controlled distribution of fiber alignment
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We observed higher CVs in the direction of fiber alignment [longitudinal CVs (LCVs)] with respect to transverse CVs (TCVs), with LCVs and TCVs of 14.9 ± 5.8 cm/s and 9.0 ± 3.7 cm/s, respectively (n = 9 samples) at ratios of ~1.5 to 2.0.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Calcium wave propagation
plaincorrelationaln = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together, these findings demonstrated that our tissues maintained their alignment and confluence over the length of the ventricle (~1 cm)”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Calcium wave propagation
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The resulting fibers displayed angle-dependent anisotropy, with tangential, intermediate, and perpendicular collection leading to highly anisotropic (θ = 0°, OOP = 0.60 ± 0.15), intermediate (θ = 60°, OOP = 0.50 ± 0.08), and randomly aligned (θ = 90°, OOP = 0.18 ± 0.03) fiber distributions, respectively.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Controlled distribution of fiber alignment
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Summation of the fluid displacement over systole yields the total CO, with values of 11.7 ± 8.9 μl/s and 24.3 ± 13.5 μl/s (n = 8 samples each) for CA and HA ventricle scaffolds, respectively (fig. S15G).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Cardiac output and ejection fractions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S15G)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainn = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Conversely, HA scaffolds displayed approximately four times as much twist (5.4 ± 3.6°, n = 7 ventricles) (movie S9), modeling physiological ventricular twist in an in vitro system.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular twist
plaincorrelationaln = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This observation represented a significant (P < 0.05) CO increase based purely on ventricular tissue alignment.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Cardiac output and ejection fractions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“CA samples showed greater basal and minimal longitudinal constriction, whereas HA ventricles displayed significant apical shortening with reduced basal deformation (n≥ 5 ventricles for each condition) (fig. S12).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S12)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In each case, targets were coated in <35 min with micro/nanofibers, generating conformal coatings on the exterior.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Throughout this process, fibers were produced with a total throughput rate of 0.1 g/min, or 0.03 ghm (grams per hole per minute).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Examining excised segments of the left ventricle, cultured with hiPSC-CMs, we observed that cells adhered to the fibers, forming aligned tissues (fig. S18B).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites (fig. S18B)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To study the role of helical muscular alignment on cardiac function, it is necessary to recreate the multiscale architectures of the heart, with both controlled alignments and three-dimensional (3D) geometries.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Printing the ECM components at current resolutions (~250 μm feature sizes) takes hours to days (22), but at native feature sizes (1 μm) could take hundreds of years if current scaling trends are followed (eq. S1).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [22] source
- Not matchedcites (eq. S1)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Current scaling trends for 3D extrusion printing continue.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, unlike 3D printing, fiber-spinning approaches often fail to recreate complex 3D geometries while maintaining controlled alignments.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This EF is comparable to values experienced during borderline heart failure and underscores the importance of multiple helical alignments in maintaining healthy cardiac function.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Because cardiomyocytes contract along their long axis during systole, while connecting transversely as a bulk material (37), they generate forces primarily along the length of the fibers.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [37] source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggested that FRJS could be effectively employed in hierarchical biofabrication, in which the focused air stream provides gross structural morphology (centimeter scale), whereas fibers provide fine structural (single-micrometer scale) cues to promote tissue morphogenesis.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Controlled distribution of fiber alignment
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This indicated that our model system was capable of preserving these fundamental scaling laws, signifying that helical alignments of the ventricular myocardium result in increased EFs.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Cardiac output and ejection fractions
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“HA fiber orientations were selected on the basis of energy minimization constraints, with angles between 20° and 45° predicted to be the most energy efficient for pumping fluids (4).”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Building helically aligned models of the left ventricle
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this suggested the possibility for variable EFs on the basis of fiber alignment, as these differences in deformation could result in distinct volumetric displacements.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For HA ventricles, however, fiber length should vary minimally, as fibers extend uniformly from the apex to the base of the ventricle. Overall, this should result in more homogenous deformations for HA ventricles, with increased apical shortening.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
hedgeddirect- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For CA ventricles, which are made up of concentric rings, fiber length is greatest at the base, where the radius is largest, and smallest at the apex (Fig. 2D). This should result in nonuniform deformations, with greater displacements in the basal region and negligible displacements at the apex.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Ventricular deformation
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the work presented here provides an initial pathway toward achieving hierarchical patterning while maintaining 3D cell alignment.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition to biofabrication, FRJS may serve an important role in other additive manufacturing applications, as it provides production rates comparable to those of current industrial processes while enabling micro/nanoscale feature sizes and controlled 3D alignments.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With our fiber-based approach, these local structures can be preserved across entire tissue volumes, allowing for the hierarchical assembly of tissues.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The high surface area–to–volume ratio of micro- and nanofibers makes them ideal candidates for the controlled absorbance and release of chemical species.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Collectively, these observations demonstrated that FRJS is amenable to rapidly manufacturing fiber scaffolds spanning multiple length scales and can be adapted to different geometries.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests that FRJS may be an important technique for industrial manufacturing process that use hierarchical design principles, for which control over several orders of spatial magnitude is needed.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Biofabrication using FRJS allowed for the rapid assembly of functional 3D ventricle models capable of recapitulating emergent phenomena in vitro, including ventricular twist, strain displacement, and myocardial angle-dependent EFs.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These proof-of-concept 3D organ models demonstrate that FRJS scaffolds support human-derived tissues and allow for rapid assembly of full-size models of the musculature.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although full-size anatomical models have previously been produced with thermoplastics and hydrogels (22), these systems typically lack the micrometer-scale features needed to direct myocyte alignment.”
§ Recreating the heart’s helical structure-function relationship with focused rotary jet spinning > Dual-chambered ventricles and full-scale heart models
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [22] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Current scaling trends for 3D extrusion printing continue.
“if current scaling trends are followed (eq. S1)”
The paper relies on this without support.
Fibers can be used to direct tissue formation.
“Because fibers can be used to direct tissue formation”
The paper relies on this without support.
Submerged gelatin fibers are a poor dielectric.
“However, submerged gelatin fibers are a poor dielectric”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Specifically, to build organ models that mimic the 3D geometry requires additive manufacturing strategies15, 20.”
From Fibre-infused gel scaffolds guide cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D-printed ventricles (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“We calculated our hiPSC-CM based ventricular volumetric change between peak contraction and peak relaxation to be 5.94 ± 1.66 % (n = 4, mean ± SEM, Fig. 4g), which is 2~5 and 8~20 times higher than values previously reported (ejection fraction) for NRVM and hiPSC-CM in vitro ventricle models, respectively13, 15, 32.”
From Fibre-infused gel scaffolds guide cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D-printed ventricles (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Using an in vivo PV catheter raises concern about measurement accuracy in the absence of blood due to conductivity differences with cell culture medium and with tissue properties differing from the native myocardium (Chang et al., 2022).”
From Mini-hearts for disease modeling and drug testing – process optimization versus biological functionality (2026) · cites this paper as Chang et al., 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Existing models span a wide range - from approximately 174,000 cells per ECC to about 15 million cells - directly influencing both production cost and feasibility (Lee et al., 2008; Chang et al., 2022; Kupfer et al., 2020).”
From Mini-hearts for disease modeling and drug testing – process optimization versus biological functionality (2026) · cites this paper as Chang et al., 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Gelatin fibers produced by rotary jet spinning (Supplementary Fig. 1b) 14, 15 were truncated by ultrasonication to a length of 85.9 ± 2.53 μm with a diameter of 4.20 ± 0.23 μm (mean ± SEM), reducing variance in length and enabling passage through the printing nozzle with a diameter of 200 μm (Supplementary Fig. 1c–d).”
From Fibre-infused gel scaffolds guide cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D-printed ventricles (2023) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, Kupfer et al., Chang et al. and Choi et al. reported volumetric performance data, with Kupfer et al. additionally demonstrating Pressure Difference (ΔP) measurements (Kupfer et al., 2020; Chang et al., 2022; Choi et al., 2023).”
From Mini-hearts for disease modeling and drug testing – process optimization versus biological functionality (2026) · cites this paper as Chang et al., 2022
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, Chang et al. demonstrated that differences in fiber angle can significantly influence cardiac function (Chang et al., 2022).”
From Mini-hearts for disease modeling and drug testing – process optimization versus biological functionality (2026) · cites this paper as Chang et al., 2022
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In addition, these methods oftentimes involve scaffolds which might interfere with tissue properties (Patel and Birla, 2018; Chang et al., 2022; Choi et al., 2023; MacQueen et al., 2018; Michas et al., 2022; Xie et al., 2023; Williams et al., 2025).”
From Mini-hearts for disease modeling and drug testing – process optimization versus biological functionality (2026) · cites this paper as Chang et al., 2022
Citations
Cites
Electrospinning of Nanofibers: Reinventing the Wheel?
Li, D., & Younan Xia, A. (2004) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200400719 · Cited by 5,626
Wall stress and patterns of hypertrophy in the human left ventricle.
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3D bioprinting of collagen to rebuild components of the human heart
Lee, A., Hudson, A. R., Shiwarski, D. J., Tashman, J. W., Hinton, T. J., Yerneni, S., Bliley, J. M., Campbell, P. G., & Feinberg, A. W. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aav9051 · Cited by 1,782
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3D Printing of Personalized Thick and Perfusable Cardiac Patches and Hearts
Noor, N., Shapira, A., Edri, R., Gal, I., Wertheim, L., & Dvir, T. (2019) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.201900344 · Cited by 1,042
Biomanufacturing of organ-specific tissues with high cellular density and embedded vascular channels
Skylar‐Scott, M. A., Uzel, S. G. M., Nam, L. L., Ahrens, J. H., Truby, R. L., Damaraju, S., & Lewis, J. A. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw2459 · Cited by 985
Instrumented cardiac microphysiological devices via multimaterial three-dimensional printing
Lind, J. U., Busbee, T. A., Valentine, A. D., Pasqualini, F. S., Yuan, H., Yadid, M., Park, S.-J., Kotikian, A., Nesmith, A. P., Campbell, P. H., et al. (2017) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4782 · Cited by 863
Self-citationTwist Mechanics of the Left Ventricle
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Turbulence: An Introduction for Scientists and Engineers
Davidson, P. (2015) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198722588.001.0001 · Cited by 580
Nanofiber Assembly by Rotary Jet-Spinning
Badrossamay, M. R., McIlwee, H. A., Goss, J. A., & Parker, K. K. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl101355x · Cited by 518
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Recent advances in regenerative biomaterials
Cao, D., & Ding, J. (2022) · Regenerative Biomaterials · doi:10.1093/rb/rbac098 · Cited by 277
Fibre-infused gel scaffolds guide cardiomyocyte alignment in 3D-printed ventricles
Choi, S., Lee, K. Y., Kim, S. L., MacQueen, L. A., Chang, H., Zimmerman, J. F., Jin, Q., Peters, M. M., Ardoña, H. A. M., Liu, X., et al. (2023) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-023-01611-3 · Cited by 212
Self-citationSi, Y., Shi, S., & Hu, J. (2022) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101723 · Cited by 162
Fibres—threads of intelligence—enable a new generation of wearable systems
Dang, C., Wang, Z., Hughes‐Riley, T., Dias, T., Qian, S., Wang, Z., Wang, X., Liu, M., Yu, S., Liu, R., et al. (2024) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d4cs00286e · Cited by 138
Metadata
- Authors
- Chang, H., Liu, Q., Zimmerman, J. F., Lee, K. Y., Jin, Q., Peters, M. M., Rosnach, M., Choi, S., Kim, S. L., Ardoña, H. A. M., MacQueen, L. A., Chantre, C. O., Motta, S. E., Cordoves, E. M., & Parker, K. K.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chang, Huibin
- Liu, Qihan
- Zimmerman, John F.
- Parker, Kevin Kit
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2022-07-08
- Volume
- 377
- Issue
- 6602
- Pages
- 180-185
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC10077766
- OpenAlex
- W4284703829
- Semantic Scholar
- 0c120a293001ac75c8f6c2c304be759e70fd844f
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 12
- FWCI
- 6.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Harvard University (DMR-1420570, DMR-2011754)
- National Institutes of Health (1s10od023519-01a1, UH3TR000522, DMR-1420570)
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University (DMR- 1420570, 20-11754, DMR2011754, 1420570)
- Hansjörg Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (UH3HL141798, UG3HL141798, T32HL007572)
- Division of Materials Research (DMR 14–20570, DMR‐2011754, 2011754, 1420570)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Keywords
- cardiac tissue engineering, additive manufacturing, ejection fraction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Heart Ventricles, Humans, Prosthesis Design, Tissue Engineering, Myocytes, Cardiac, Tissue Scaffolds, Nanofibers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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