Human habit neural circuitry may be perturbed in eating disorders
Abstract
Circuit-based mechanisms mediating the development and execution of habitual behaviors involve complex cortical-striatal interactions that have been investigated in animal models and more recently in humans. However, how human brain circuits implicated in habit formation may be perturbed in psychiatric disorders remains unclear. First, we identified the locations of the sensorimotor putamen and associative caudate in the human brain using probabilistic tractography from Human Connectome Project data. We found that multivariate connectivity of the sensorimotor putamen was altered in humans with binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa and that the degree of alteration correlated with severity of disordered eating behavior. Furthermore, the extent of this circuit aberration correlated with mean diffusivity in the sensorimotor putamen and decreased basal dopamine D 2/3 receptor binding potential in the striatum, consistent with previously reported microstructural changes and dopamine signaling mediating habit learning in animal models. Our findings suggest a neural circuit that links habit learning and binge eating behavior in humans, which could, in part, explain the treatment-resistant behavior common to eating disorders and other psychiatric conditions.
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Symptom-related, cue-induced hyperactivity in OFC and increased functional connectivity between OFC and striatum have been reported in patients with compulsive disorders.
“Symptom-related, cue-induced hyperactivity in the OFC and increased functional connectivity between the OFC and striatum have been reported in patients with compulsive disorders69–72.”
From Dissociable roles of prefrontal plasticity in decision-making strategy and execution of habitual behavior (2026) · cites this paper as [72]
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From compulsivity to compulsion: the neural basis of compulsive disorders
Robbins, T. W., Banca, P., & Belin, D. (2024) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-024-00807-z · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Dysfunctional decision-making in binge-eating disorder: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Colton, E., Wilson, K.-E., Chong, T. T. ‐., & Verdejo‐García, A. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105250 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Brain Activity Associated with Breakthrough Food Preoccupation in an Individual on Tirzepatide
Choi, W., Nho, Y.-H., Qiu, L., Chang, A., Campos, G., Seilheimer, R. L., Wilent, W. B., Bakalov, D., Firdous, N., Kerr, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04035-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationSaluja, S., Qiu, L., Wang, A. R., Campos, G., Seilheimer, R. L., McNab, J. A., Haber, S. N., Barbosa, D. A. N., & Halpern, C. H. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, X., Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Xie, M., Pan, L., Hommel, B., Yang, Y., Zhu, X., Wang, K., & ZHANG, W. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.02.051 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pescosolido, B. A. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2402194121 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Jiang, J., Wang, A., Shi, H., Jiang, S., Li, W., Jiang, T., Wang, L., Zhang, X., Sun, M., Zhao, M., et al. (2024) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100182 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationJúnior, R. E. M., Pedersen, A. S. B., Ferreira, R. M., de Asevedo, G. H., Mendes, G. L., Ribeiro, K. F., Maioli, T. U., Faria, A. M. C., & Godard, A. L. B. (2024) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109784 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Levinson, C. A., Kapadia, A., Sandoval-Araujo, L. E., Vanzhula, I. A., & Machry, K. (2025) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081423-020831 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kapphahn, C. J., Peet, B., Gao, J., Chan, A. L., Farhadian, B., Ma, M., Silverman, M. A., Tran, P., Schlenk, N., Thienemann, M., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24388 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mapping affective pathways to compulsion: Insights from an aversive devaluation approach
Sallie, S. N., Casero, V., Sonkusare, S., & Voon, V. (2025) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2025.00089 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gao, X., Lu, J., Huang, Y., & Wang, L. (2025) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2024.00084 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Asaoka, N., Pagano, D., & Hayashi, Y. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-75706-1
“Symptom-related, cue-induced hyperactivity in the OFC and increased functional connectivity between the OFC and striatum have been reported in patients with compulsive disorders 69 – 72 .”
Habit-linked brain circuits light up in people with eating disorders
Nogrady, B. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-023-00967-5
Reward Processing in Binge-Type Eating Disorders
Schmidt, K., & Bodell, L. P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32046-0_77-1
Marques, C., Sayal, A., Palmeira, L., Goss, K., Correia, R., Castilho, P., Pereira, A. T., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2025) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.24456
Reward Processing in Binge-Type Eating Disorders
Schmidt, K., & Bodell, L. P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73363-5_77
Morales‐Puerto, N., Fayt, C., du Montcel, C. T., & Everard, A. (2025) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-025-01503-8
Lesions involving the insula are associated with reduced appetite and weight loss
Lyu, W., Bruss, J., Dappen, E. R., Griffis, J. C., Pace, B., Neisewander, B., Manzel, K. W., Tranel, D., Boes, A. D., & Trapp, N. T. (2026) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcag044
Multimodal machine learning reveals neurobiological signatures of binge-type eating disorders
Rommerskirchen, L., Skunde, M., Bendszus, M., Herzog, W., Friederich, H., & Simon, J. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1803154
DNA methylation signatures of mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancerPreprint
Ward, R., Endicott, M., Mallabar-Rimmer, B., Burrage, J., Sherwood, K., Huang, Q., Ward, J. C., Thorn, S., Woolley, C. E., Wood, S. J., et al. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.04.09.717165
Tarman, V. I., & Wiss, D. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1848242
McCullough, S., Varela, R. B., Houghton, T., Macpherson, H. K., & Tye, S. J. (2026) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70485
A neurodevelopmental model of eating disorder risk in midlife to older adulthood
Heintz, H., Haynos, A. F., Hagan, K. E., & Berner, L. A. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106830
Self-citationSuiçmez, Z., Volkan, E., & Ülsever, H. (2026) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115451
Feng, A. Y., Barbosa, D. A. N., Casey, A. B., Rijsketic, D. R., Salgado, J. S., Huang, H., Malenka, R. C., Hermes, D., Miller, K. J., Halpern, C. H., et al. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03828-5
Self-citationZhao, Z., Guerrero, I. E., Ali, S. I., Spinner, H. K., Fernandez, A. M., Vides‐Varini, H. F., Abber, S. R., Hill, N. G., & Keel, P. K. (2026) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.70170
- Authors
- Wang, A. R., Kuijper, F. M., Barbosa, D. A. N., Hagan, K. E., Lee, E., Tong, E., Choi, E. Y., McNab, J. A., Bohon, C., & Halpern, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Université Paris Cité (FR)
- Pennsylvania Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bohon, Cara
- Halpern, Casey H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science Translational Medicine
- Published
- 2023-03-29
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 689
- Pages
- eabo4919-eabo4919
- ISSN
- 1946-6234 (ISSN-L)
- 1946-6242
- OpenAlex
- W4361302969
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 7.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science Translational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH106794)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- eating disorders, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, habit learning, probabilistic tractography, mean diffusivity, disordered eating
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Brain, Dopamine, Habits, Humans, Bulimia Nervosa
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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