Exercise as treatment for alcohol use disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis
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Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating effects of exercise for people with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) across multiple health outcomes. We also investigated the prevalence and predictors of dropout from exercise studies in AUDs. Design: Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis with meta-regression analyses. Data sources: 3 major electronic databases were searched from inception until April 2016 for exercise intervention studies in adults with AUDs. Eligibility criteria: Studies of acute exercise in people with AUDs; and randomised and non-randomised trials examining effects of long-term (≥2 weeks) exercise. Results: 21 studies and 1204 unique persons with AUDs (mean age 37.8 years, mean illness duration 4.4 years) were included. Exercise did not reduce daily alcohol consumption (standardised mean difference (SMD) =−0.886, p=0.24), or the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) total scores (SMD=−0.378, p=0.18). For weekly consumption (n=3 studies), a statistically significant difference was observed favouring exercise (SMD=−0.656, p=0.04), but not after adjustment for publication bias (SMD=−0.16, 95% CI −0.88 to 0.55). Exercise significantly reduced depressive symptoms versus control (randomised controlled trials (RCTs) =4; SMD=−0.867, p=0.006, I 2 =63%) and improved physical fitness (VO 2 ) (RCTs=3; SMD=0.564, p=0.01, I 2 =46%). The pooled dropout rate was 40.3% (95% CI 23.3% to 60.1%) which was no different to control conditions (OR=0.73, p=0.52). Dropouts were higher among men (β=0.0622, p<0.0001, R 2 =0.82). Limitations: It was not possible to investigate moderating effects of smoking. Conclusions: Available evidence indicates exercise appears not to reduce alcohol consumption, but has significant improvements in other health outcomes, including depression and physical fitness. Additional long-term controlled studies of exercise for AUDs are required.
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In alcohol use disorder, exercise reduced depressive symptoms compared to controls (4 RCTs; SMD = -0.867, p = 0.006, I2 = 63%).
“Whilst exercise did not reduce daily alcohol consumption or total scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, it reduced depressive symptoms when compared to controls (RCTs = 4; SMD = -0.867,p = 0.006, I 2 = 63%).”
From Exercise as Medicine for Mental and Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-review of the Benefits for Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Outcomes (2020) · cites this paper as [79]
In alcohol use disorder, exercise did not reduce daily alcohol consumption or total scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test.
“Whilst exercise did not reduce daily alcohol consumption or total scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, it reduced depressive symptoms when compared to controls (RCTs = 4; SMD = -0.867,p = 0.006, I 2 = 63%).”
From Exercise as Medicine for Mental and Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-review of the Benefits for Neuropsychiatric and Cognitive Outcomes (2020) · cites this paper as [79]
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- Authors
- Hallgren, M., Vancampfort, D., Giesen, E. S., Lundin, A., & Stubbs, B.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- German Sport University Cologne (DE)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hallgren, Mats
- Venue
- British Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2017-01-13
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1058-1064
- ISSN
- 0306-3674 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0480
- OpenAlex
- W2571910151
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 13
- FWCI
- 2.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Lirias (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- physical activity, alcoholism, alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms, physical fitness, VO2, exercise dropout, predictors of dropout, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Depression, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Patient Dropouts, Physical Fitness, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Alcohol-Related Disorders
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