Association of high amounts of physical activity with mortality risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Objectives: To systematically review and analyse studies of high amounts of physical activity and mortality risk in the general population. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria related to follow-up (minimum 2 years), outcome (mortality from all causes, cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) or coronary heart disease), exposure (eg, a category of >1000 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) min/week), study design (prospective cohort, nested case control or case-cohort) and reports of cases and person years of exposure categories. Information sources: Systematic searches were conducted in Embase and Pubmed from database inception to 2 March 2019. Risk of bias: The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Included studies: From 31 368 studies identified, 48 were included. Two authors independently extracted outcome estimates and assessed study quality. Synthesis of results: We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) using random effect restricted cubic spline dose–response meta-analyses. Compared with the recommended level of physical activity (750 MET min/week), mortality risk was lower at physical activity levels exceeding the recommendations, at least until 5000 MET min/week for all cause mortality (HR=0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.94) and for CVD mortality (HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.95). Strengths and limitations of evidence: The strengths of this study include the detailed dose–response analyses, inclusion of 48 studies and examination of sources of heterogeneity. The limitations include the observational nature of the included studies and the inaccurate estimations of amount of physical activity. Interpretation: Compared with the recommended level, mortality risk was lower at physical activity levels well above the recommended target range. Further, there was no threshold beyond which lifespan was compromised. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42017055727.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Physical activity is inversely correlated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality.
“Physical activity is inversely correlated to adverse cardiovascular outcomes5 and all-cause mortality and is recommended by the AHA as one of the ‘Life’s Simple 7’ lifestyle recommendations to promote heart health6.”
From Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: Where we are and how to move forward (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Wearable-measured physical activity has an inverse dose-dependent relationship with all-cause mortality.
“Several studies have shown wearable-measured physical activity to have an inverse dose-dependent relationship with all-cause mortality5,34–38.”
From Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: Where we are and how to move forward (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Exposure to very high levels of leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity does not seem to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease or related events, at least in previously healthy adults.
“exposure to very high levels of leisure-time MVPA does not seem to increase the risk of CVD or related events, at least in previously healthy adults.26”
From Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: From mechanisms to clinical implementation (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels exceeding 5-7 times international recommendations, 5000 MET-minutes per week, are associated with lower cardiovascular disease mortality risk, about 27% lower, than adherence to current recommendations of 750 MET-minutes per week, with no apparent upper threshold.
“MVPA levels exceeding 5-7 times international recommendations (5000 MET-min/week) were associated with a lower (-27%) CVD mortality risk than adherence to current recommendations (750 MET-min/week), with no apparent upper MVPA-threshold for this association.26”
From Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: From mechanisms to clinical implementation (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · see citing works
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · see citing works
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164 · see citing works
Stang, A. (2010) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z · Cited by 17,396 · see citing works
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
Piercy, K. L., Troiano, R. P., Ballard, R. M., Carlson, S. A., Fulton, J. E., Galuska, D. A., George, S. M., & Olson, R. D. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.14854 · Cited by 9,755 · see citing works
Regression Modeling Strategies
Harrell, F. E. (2001) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3462-1 · Cited by 9,270 · see citing works
2011 Compendium of Physical Activities: A Second Update of Codes and MET Values
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., HERRMANN, S. D., MECKES, N., BASSETT, D. R., TUDOR-LOCKE, C., GREER, J. L., VEZINA, J., WHITT-GLOVER, M. C., & LEON, A. S. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31821ece12 · Cited by 6,317 · see citing works
Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: comparing reviewers’ to authors’ assessments
Lo, C. K.-L., Mertz, D., & Loeb, M. (2014) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-45 · Cited by 2,477 · see citing works
Methods for Trend Estimation from Summarized Dose-Response Data, with Applications to Meta-Analysis
Greenland, S., & Longnecker, M. P. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116237 · Cited by 2,353 · see citing works
Wen, C. P., Wai, J. P. M., Tsai, M. K., Yang, Y. C., Cheng, T. Y. D., Lee, M.-C., Chan, H. T., Tsao, C. K., Tsai, S. P., & Wu, X. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60749-6 · Cited by 1,908 · see citing works
The case of the misleading funnel plot
Lau, J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Terrin, N., Schmid, C. H., & Olkin, I. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7568.597 · Cited by 1,766 · see citing works
Arem, H., Moore, S. C., Patel, A., Hartge, P., Berrington de Gonzalez, A., Visvanathan, K., Campbell, P. T., Freedman, M., Weiderpass, E., Adami, H. O., et al. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0533 · Cited by 1,498 · see citing works
Lear, S. A., Hu, W., Rangarajan, S., Gasevic, D., Leong, D., Iqbal, R., Casanova, A., Swaminathan, S., Anjana, R. M., Kumar, R., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31634-3 · Cited by 1,331 · see citing works
Orsini, N., Li, R., Wolk, A., Khudyakov, P., & Spiegelman, D. L. (2011) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr265 · Cited by 1,276 · see citing works
Kyu, H. H., Bachman, V. F., Alexander, L. T., Mumford, J. E., Afshin, A., Estep, K., Veerman, J. L., Delwiche, K., Iannarone, M. L., Moyer, M. L., et al. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i3857 · Cited by 1,272 · see citing works
Samitz, G., Egger, M., & Zwahlen, M. (2011) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr112 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk.
Lee, D.-C., Pate, R. R., Lavie, C. J., Sui, X., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.058 · Cited by 819 · see citing works
Adjusting for publication bias in the presence of heterogeneity
Terrin, N., Schmid, C. H., Lau, J., & Olkin, I. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1461 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Cardiac arrest during long-distance running races
Kim, J. H., Malhotra, R., Chiampas, G., d'Hemecourt, P., Troyanos, C., Cianca, J., Smith, R. N., Wang, T. J., Roberts, W. O., Thompson, P. D., et al. (2012) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1106468 · Cited by 597 · see citing works
Changes in physical activity, mortality, and incidence of coronary heart disease in older men
Wannamethee, S. G., Shaper, A. G., & Walker, M. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)12355-8 · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Potential Adverse Cardiovascular Effects From Excessive Endurance Exercise
O’Keefe, J. H., Patil, H., Lavie, C. J., Magalski, A., Vogel, R. A., & McCullough, P. A. (2012) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.005 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Combined impact of lifestyle factors on mortality: prospective cohort study in US women
Dam, R. M. V., Li, T., Spiegelman, D., Franco, O. H., & Hu, F. B. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a1440 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Testing the Newcastle Ottawa Scale showed low reliability between individual reviewers
Hartling, L., Milne, A., Hamm, M. P., Vandermeer, B., Ansari, M., Tsertsvadze, A., & Dryden, D. M. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.03.003 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Kvaavik, E. (2010) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.76 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Dose of Jogging and Long-Term Mortality
Schnohr, P., O’Keefe, J. H., Marott, J. L., Lange, P., & Jensen, G. B. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.11.023 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Relationship of Changes in Physical Activity and Mortality Among Older Women
Gregg, E. W. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.18.2379 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Correcting for Regression Dilution Bias: Comparison of Methods for a Single Predictor Variable
Frost, C. D., & Thompson, S. G. (2000) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.1111/1467-985x.00164 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Eijsvogels, T. M. H., Molossi, S. M., Lee, D.-C., Emery, M. S., & Thompson, P. D. (2016) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.11.034 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Hu, G., Tuomilehto, J., Silventoinen, K., Barengo, N. C., Peltonen, M., & Jousilahti, P. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802870 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Dwyer, T., Pezic, A., Sun, C., Cochrane, J., Venn, A., Srikanth, V., Jones, G., Shook, R., Sui, X., Ortaglia, A., et al. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141274 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Leisure time physical activity and coronary heart disease death. The US Railroad Study.
Slattery, M. L., Jacobs, D. R., & Nichaman, M. Z. (1989) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.79.2.304 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Cheng, W., Zhang, Z., Cheng, W., Yang, C., Diao, L., & Liu, W. (2018) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487318795194 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Celis-Morales, C. A., Lyall, D. M., Anderson, J. J., Iliodromiti, S., Fan, Y., Ntuk, U. E., Mackay, D., Pell, J. P., Sattar, N. A., & Gill, J. M. R. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw249 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Yu, S., Yarnell, J. W. G., Sweetnam, P. M., & Murray, L. (2003) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heart.89.5.502 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Elite athletes live longer than the general population: a meta-analysis.
Garatachea, N., Santos-Lozano, A., Sanchis-Gomar, F., Fiuza-Luces, C., Pareja-Galeano, H., Emanuele, E., & Lucia, A. (2014) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.06.004 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Haapanen, N., Miilunpalo, S. I., Pasanen, M. E., VUORI, I. M., Oja, P., & Malmberg, J. J. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801426 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Wisløff, U., Nilsen, T. I. L., Drøyvold, W. B., Mørkved, S., Slørdahl, S. A., & Vatten, L. J. (2006) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000216548.84560.ac · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Arraiz, G., Wigle, D. T., & Mao, Y. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90043-m · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Lee, I.-M., Shiroma, E. J., Evenson, K. R., Kamada, M., LaCroix, A. Z., & Buring, J. E. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.031300 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Physical activity and all-cause mortality in older women and men
Brown, W. J., McLaughlin, D., Leung, J., McCaul, K. A., Flicker, L. A., Almeida, O. P., Hankey, G. J., Lopez, D. G., & Dobson, A. J. (2012) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090529 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Haapanen, N., Miilunpalo, S. I., Vuori, I., Oja, P., & Pasanen, M. E. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008830 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Holtermann, A., Mortensen, O. S., Burr, H., Søgaard, K., Gyntelberg, F., & Suadicani, P. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1357 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Sudden Death During the Triathlon
Harris, K. M. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.368 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Relationship between Subdomains of Total Physical Activity and Mortality
Besson, H., Ekelund, U., Brage, S., Luben, R., Bingham, S. A., Khaw, K., & Wareham, N. J. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318180bcad · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Shiroma, E. J., Sesso, H. D., Moorthy, M. V., Buring, J. E., & Lee, I.-M. M. (2014) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.114.000802 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Dohrn, I.-M., Sjöström, M., Kwak, L., Oja, P., & Hagströmer, M. (2018) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.035 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Accelerometer‐Measured Physical Activity and Mortality in Women Aged 63 to 99
LaMonte, M. J., Buchner, D. M., Rillamas‐Sun, E., Di, C., Evenson, K. R., Bellettiere, J., Lewis, C. E., Lee, I., Tinker, L. F., Seguin, R., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15201 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Run for your life … at a comfortable speed and not too far
O’Keefe, J. H., & Lavie, C. J. (2012) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302886 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Activities and Mortality in the Elderly: The Leisure World Cohort Study
Paganini‐Hill, A., Kawas, C. H., & Corrada, M. M. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glq237 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Mortality
Mensink, G., Deketh, M., MUL, M., Schuit, A. J., & Hoffmeister, H. M. (1996) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199607000-00009 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Landi, F., Russo, A., Cesari, M., Pahor, M., Liperoti, R., Danese, P., Bernabei, R., & Onder, G. (2008) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.06.020 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Klenk, J., Dallmeier, D., Denkinger, M. D., Rapp, K., Koenig, W., Rothenbacher, D., & ActiFE Study Group (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153779 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Williams, P. T. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078777 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and All-Cause Mortality
Lahti, J., Holstila, A., Lahelma, E. T., & Rahkonen, O. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101548 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Implementing GRADE: calculating the risk difference from the baseline risk and the relative risk
Newcombe, R. G., & Bender, R. (2013) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/eb-2013-101340 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Harrell, F. E. (2001) · Springer series in statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3462-1_1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Relationship between components of leisure physical activity and mortality in Taiwanese older adults
Lan, T.-Y., Chang, H., & Tai, T. Y. (2006) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.03.016 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Shu, X., Wen, W., Saito, E., Rahman, M. S., Tsugane, S., Tamakoshi, A., Xiang, Y., Yuan, J., Gao, Y., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyy024 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hamer, M., O’Donovan, G., & Stamatakis, E. A. (2018) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-018-0460-2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Goodness of fit tools for dose–response meta‐analysis of binary outcomes
Discacciati, A., Crippa, A., & Orsini, N. (2015) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1194 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, J., Ryu, S., Cheong, E., & Sung, K. (2016) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.003 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Mortality Risk Among American Adults
Borgundvaag, E., & Janssen, I. (2017) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.017 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Tamošiūnas, A., Lukšienė, D., Baceviciene, M., Bernotienė, G., Radišauskas, R., Malinauskiene, V., Krančiukaitė-Butylkinienė, D., Virvičiūtė, D., Peasey, A., & Bobak, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114283 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Patel, K., Sui, X., Zhang, Y., Fonarow, G. C., Aban, I., Brown, C. J., Bittner, V., Kitzman, D. W., Allman, R. M., Banach, M., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.12.053 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Zhao, W., Ukawa, S., Kawamura, T., Wakai, K., Ando, M., Tsushita, K., & Tamakoshi, A. (2015) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20140190 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Hrobonova, E., Breeze, E., & FLETCHER, A. E. (2011) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.4061/2011/651931 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Exercise and cancer mortality in Korean men and women: a prospective cohort study
Jee, Y., Kim, Y., Jee, S. H., & Ryu, M. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5669-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., Zhang, R., Liu, Y., Guo, Y., Wang, D., He, M., Yuan, J., Liang, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep39939 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ramalho, J. R. D. O., Mambrini, J. V. D. M., César, C. C., de Oliveira, C. M., Firmo, J. O. A., Lima‐Costa, M. F., & Peixoto, S. V. (2015) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s74569 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Dwyer, T., Pezic, A., Sun, C., Cochrane, J., Venn, A., Srikanth, V. K., Jones, G., Shook, R. P., Sui, X., Ortaglia, A., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146202 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Longevity in elite athletes: the first 4-min milers
Maron, B. J., & Thompson, P. D. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31825-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Fysisk aktivitet, røyking og dødelighet hos menn som deltok i Oslo-undersøkelsene i 1972 og 2000
Holme, I., & Anderssen, S. A. (2014) · Tidsskrift for Den norske legeforening · doi:10.4045/tidsskr.14.0073 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Leisure time sports activity and all-cause mortality in West Germany (1984?1998)
Bucksch, J., & Helmert, U. (2004) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-004-0069-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Collaboration C. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (chapter 13), 2011. Available: https:// handbook-5-1. cochrane. org/ chapter_ 13/ 13_ 5_ 2_ 3_ tools_ for_ assessing_ methodological_ quality_ or_ risk_ of. htm on July 9, 2023 by guest. Protected by copyright. http://bjsm.bmj.com/ Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100393 on 12 August 2019. Downloaded from Review 73
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: Where we are and how to move forward
Bayoumy, K., Gaber, M., Elshafeey, A., Mhaimeed, O., Dineen, E. H., Marvel, F. A., Martin, S. S., Muse, E. D., Turakhia, M. P., Tarakji, K. G., et al. (2021) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00522-7 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Lee, D. H., Rezende, L. F. M., Joh, H.-K., Keum, N., Ferrari, G., Rey-Lopez, J. P., Rimm, E. B., Tabung, F. K., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.121.058162 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: From mechanisms to clinical implementation
Valenzuela, P. L., Ruilope, L. M., Santos-Lozano, A., Wilhelm, M., Kränkel, N., Fiuza-Luces, C., & Lucia, A. (2023) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad170 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Integrating the environmental and genetic architectures of aging and mortality
Argentieri, M. A., Amin, N., Nevado-Holgado, A. J., Sproviero, W., Collister, J. A., Keestra, S. M., Kuilman, M. M., Ginos, B. N. R., Ghanbari, M., Doherty, A., et al. (2025) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03483-9 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Duncan, M. J., Oftedal, S., Kline, C. E., Plotnikoff, R. C., & Holliday, E. G. (2023) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2022.07.003 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Veiga, E. C. D. A., Melo, B. L. D., Vieira, S. D. S., Simões, R. S., Valenti, V. E., Campos, M. F., Vale, J. E. T. M. R. D., Rica, R. L., Soares-Júnior, J. M., Baracat, E. C., et al. (2020) · Clinics · doi:10.6061/clinics/2020/e1293 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Blond, K., Brinkløv, C. F., Ried-Larsen, M., Crippa, A., & Grøntved, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Blond, Kim
- Venue
- British Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2019-08-12
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 1195-1201
- ISSN
- 0306-3674 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0480
- OpenAlex
- W2968008638
- Cited by
- 201
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 1.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Lundbeck Foundation (R151-2013-14641)
- the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF-4004-00111)
- The European Research Council (716657)
- TrygFonden
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- physical activity, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, coronary artery disease, cancer mortality, metabolic equivalent of task, dose-response relationship, physical activity thresholds, physical activity guidelines, excess mortality
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Cause of Death, Coronary Disease, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Mortality, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
