The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 2 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement
Open accessAbstract
After an earlier study into the practical aspects of the management of perinatal death, a counselling service was introduced for parents whose baby had died in the perinatal period. The service was monitored, and the parents who received the service were compared with a group that did not. Fifty families were allocated randomly either to the counselling (supported) group or to the contrast group, who received routine hospital care. Assessment was carried out at six and 14 months after the death, using a semi-structured interview and two self-rating scales (the general health questionnaire and the Leeds scales). Two of 16 mothers in the supported group showed psychiatric disorder at six months, compared with 10 of 19 in the contrast group (p less than 0.01, Fisher's exact test). There was no significant difference between the two groups at 14 months, when 80% of all the women studied had recovered psychiatric symptoms. Socially isolated women and those who marital relations lacked intimacy had a higher incidence of psychiatric symptoms at six months. Early pregnancy (within six months) was associated with a higher incidence of psychiatric symptoms in the unsupported group. The duration of bereavement reaction after perinatal death was appreciably shortened by support and counselling.
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Claims the paper makes
28 Own result · 6 Own method · 4 Own interpretation · 2 Sources not found · 2 No basis given
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The counselling was required for only six to eight weeks by 75% of the mothers seen, which suggests that the medical social workers attached to maternity units could undertake this task.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At six months, five of the 16 supported group compared with 12 of the 19 contrast group scored 7 + on either the Leeds anxiety scale or on both the anxiety and depression scales (p = 006).”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All the mothers reported becoming more protective towards their children.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Other children
plainn = 35- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The incidence of pregnancies in the supported group and the contrast group was similar at both six and 14 months despite the fact that the women in the supported group had been advised to wait until they thought that they had recovered from the loss of the baby.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The women in the contrast group seemed to cope better psychologically with their next pregnancy if they had waited more than six months before conceiving.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no statistically significant difference in incidence of high scores after stillbirth compared with neonatal death.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By 14 months, this figure had risen to 28 (56%).”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
plainn = 49- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences between the two groups on either the general health questionnaire or the Leeds scales at six months (two of the supported group scored 12+ on the general health questionnaire compared with two of the contrast group).”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Fathers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The striking thing about the fathers' general health questionnaire results was the lower incidence of high scorers in the contrast group at six months compared with mothers in the contrast group (two of 14 fathers compared with 10 of 19 mothers, p < 0-03)”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Fathers
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“None of the three pregnant women in the supported group was showing psychiatric disorder (as measured by the general health questionnaire) compared with six of the eight pregnant women in the contrast group (p = 0-06, Fisher's exact test).”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
plainn = 8 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 17
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The children's grief reactions were mostly brief, except where the mothers remained severely depressed and anxious for many months.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Other children
plaincorrelationaln = 32- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Half of the women in both groups who had had scores of 12+ at six months were now scoring below 11: one of the 12 supported women compared with four of the 18 in the contrast group remained ill.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
plainn = 12- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By 14 months seven (three supported and four contrast) of the 35 women interviewed had new babies, aged between 4 weeks and 6 months.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
plainn = 35- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infertility, low social class, previous psychiatric illness, children under 14 at home, caesarean section, stillbirth, and no previous bereavement were not found to be statistically significant.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > "AT RISK" FACTORS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Twenty-two of the 35 women interviewed had other children at home.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Other children
plainn = 35- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Half the women interviewed stated that the loss of the baby had improved their relations with their husbands; the other half stated that their relations had been unaffected by the bereavement.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Marriage
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Leeds scales showed a similar fall in anxiety or anxiety plus depression.Again there was no significant difference between the supported and contrast groups.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Parents greatly valued early contact with their own general practitioner (before they left hospital if possible; other- wise as soon as they got home) and also with the community midwife who had provided antenatal care.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Half of these women showed appreciable symptoms of depression and anxiety at six months and 20% at 14 months (general health questionnaire).In other words, 80% of them had recovered from their grief by 14 months.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At six months, two of the 16 supported mothers compared with 10 of the 19 contrast mothers scored 12+ on the general health questionnaire, indicating a lower rate of psychiatric disorder in the supported group (p < 0-01, Fisher's exact test).”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The two high-scoring supported fathers had recovered at 14 months: the two fathers in the contrast group remained high scorers.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Fathers
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All the parents interviewed had found it difficult to give consent for a necropsy but did so in the hope that the information provided would help to clarify what had gone wrong.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By six months, 16 (32%) of the 49 women in the study had become pregnant, including three who miscarried later.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
plainn = 49- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The only statistically significant associations with a high score were social isolation (p < 0 04) and poor relations (low intimacy) with husband (p < 002).”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > "AT RISK" FACTORS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Five of the women were considered to be relating normally to their babies, but two (one supported, one contrast) were experiencing negative feelings and seemed unresponsive to the baby during interview.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
plainn = 5- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Immediately after the death or still- birth of their baby, the mothers were randomly allocated either to a group that received planned support and counselling or to a contrast group that received routine hospital care.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Method
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was a randomised trial carried out in the John Radcliffe Maternity Hospital in Oxford.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Method
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“But our results are similar to Raphael's and indicate the need for further research to identify those women, and their husbands, most at risk for prolonged bereavement reactions.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Raphael
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The evalua- tion took place in the parents' home and was carried out by a trained interviewer who did not know to which group the family had been allocated.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > EVALUATION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sixteen of the supported group and 19 of the contrast group were interviewed at six months (compliance rate 70%).”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The result of the necropsy was seen, therefore, to be important to them; they expected the results to be discussed with them when they returned to the hospital.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The assessment of these sorts of factors retrospectively is not satisfactory, as a mother's account of her friends' and her husband's behaviour is likely to be influenced by her state of mind.”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The authors state this as an assumption.
The contrast group may be taken to represent the natural history of bereavement reactions after stillbirth or early neonatal death.
“Nevertheless, the contrast group may be taken to repre- sent the natural history of bereavement reactions after stillbirth or early neonatal death.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Training programmes emphasise the technical rather than the psychological aspects of management.
“All too often, training pro- grammes emphasise the technical rather than the psychological aspects of management.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“parents are more likely to develop prolonged psychological problems if professional support is not given [13].”
From Systematic review to understand and improve care after stillbirth: a review of parents’ and healthcare professionals’ experiences (2016) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Only a few randomized controlled studies have been carried out for women after prenatal loss, and most of these have been limited by being aimed at outcomes of depression and psychiatric disorder rather than grief itself.61-63”
From Complicated grief after perinatal loss (2012) · cites this paper as [63]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Photographs of the deceased baby are frequently reported.63,66,107,111,114,121,128,178,181,187,188,223”
From Bereavement care guidelines used in health care facilities immediately following perinatal loss: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [66]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Only 2 RCTs resulted from our searches, one in 198266 and the other in 2015.67”
From Bereavement care guidelines used in health care facilities immediately following perinatal loss: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [66]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Other specific recommendations also found in older literature are no longer practiced (eg, announcing the loss on the ward, suggestion to hold someone else’s newborn).”
From Bereavement care guidelines used in health care facilities immediately following perinatal loss: a scoping review (2024) · cites this paper as [66]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“By six months, 16 (32%) of the 49 women in the study had become pregnant, including three who miscarried later.By 14 months, this figure had risen to 28 (56%).”
§ Support after perinatal death: a study of support and counselling after perinatal bereavement > SELF-RATING SCALES
Reported 56 · recomputed 57.142857
Citations
Cites
A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire
Goldberg, D. P., & Hillier, V. F. (1979) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700021644 · Cited by 5,639
SYMPTOMATOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE GRIEF
Lindemann, E. (1944) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.101.2.141 · Cited by 3,308
The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire
Levy, R. (1973) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(73)90039-1 · Cited by 2,707
(1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 501
Preventive Intervention With the Recently Bereaved
Raphael, B. (1977) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770240076006 · Cited by 341
Parkes, C. M., & Brown, R. J. (1972) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197209000-00008 · Cited by 316
Effects of Bereavement on Physical and Mental Health—a Study of the Medical Records of Widows
Parkes, C. M. (1964) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5404.274 · Cited by 292
The Leeds Scales for the Self-Assessment of Anxiety and Depression
Snaith, R. P., Bridge, G. W. K., & Hamilton, M. (1976) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.128.2.156 · Cited by 282
Bereavement counselling: does it work?
Parkes, C. M. (1980) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6232.3 · Cited by 156
The emotional reaction to a stillbirth
Wolff, J. R., Nielson, P. E., & Schiller, P. (1970) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(70)90207-3 · Cited by 100
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Lewis E. Reactions to stillbirth. In: Psychosomatic medicine in obstetrics and gynaecology. 3rd International Congress, Basel. London: Karger, 1971: 323-5.
- Am3J Obstet Gynecol 1970;108:73-7.
- Standish E. The loss of a baby. Lancet 1982;i:611-2.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Complicated grief after perinatal loss
Kersting, A., & Wagner, B. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.2/akersting · Cited by 419
Hughes, P., Turton, P., Hopper, E., & Evans, C. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09410-2 · Cited by 375
Ellis, A., Chebsey, C., Storey, C., Bradley, S., Jackson, S., Flenady, V., Heazell, A., & Siassakos, D. (2016) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0806-2 · Cited by 322
“Current care for bereaved parents after a baby dies is inconsistent [11, 12], and parents are more likely to develop prolonged psychological problems if professional support is not given [13].”
BackgroundPsychological morbidity following miscarriage
Lok, I. H., & Neugebauer, R. (2007) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2006.11.007 · Cited by 302
Elkan, Kendrick, Hewitt, Robinson, Tolley, Blair, Dewey, Williams, & Brummell (2000) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta4130 · Cited by 297
Stillbirth as risk factor for depression and anxiety in the subsequent pregnancy: cohort study
Hughes, P. M., Turton, P., & Evans, C. D. H. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7200.1721 · Cited by 260
“Parents inevitably suffer a process of grief and mourning which may last a year or more.”
BackgroundMiscarriage as a traumatic event: A review of the literature and new implications for intervention
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“In a treatment trial by Forrest et al. (1982), only a small proportion of men participated, thus no detailed information about their experiences was reported.”
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Bereavement care interventions: a systematic review
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“Support groups or counselling constituted the intervention in 39 studies, of which 23 had control groups and 15 claimed random allocation, yet only three of these included clearly described allocation methods (Table 2) [14-52].”
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“1982; Forrest et al. 1982; Helsing et al. 1981a, b and c, 1982; Hodglonson 1982; Horowitz et al. 1981; Klerman and Izen 1977; MacMahon and Pugh 1965;”
BackgroundPregnancy as a Stressful Life Event
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“Considering that approximately 50% of women who have miscarried may conceive within a year following their loss [33], findings regarding the effects of miscarriage on women’s anxiety levels during a subsequent pregnancy are of great interest [30].”
BackgroundInfluentialMiscarriage and stillbirth: time since the loss, grief intensity and satisfaction with care
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“The marital relationship may be especially important (Forrest et al., 1982; Nicol et al., 1986; laRoche et al., 1984).”
BackgroundThe impact of perinatal loss on adjustment to subsequent pregnancy
Franche, R.-L., & Mikail, S. F. (1999) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00438-9 · Cited by 90
Gravensteen, I. K., Jacobsen, E.-M., Sandset, P. M., Helgadottir, L. B., Rådestad, I., Sandvik, L., & Ekeberg, Ø. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1666-8 · Cited by 90
“A strong desire to become pregnant again is common among couples that experience perinatal loss, and about 50% embark on a new pregnancy within a year [8, 9].”
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“Active management to make the baby seem real was introduced into maternity health care after stillbirth in a randomised trial published in 1982 ( Forrest et al., 1982 ).”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychiatric morbidity among patients with recurrent miscarriage
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Parents' perceptions of the miscarriage experience
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Perinatal bereavement: a principle-based concept analysis
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“…adult bereavement measurement tools and applied these measures to the experience of perinatal bereavement (Lindberg 1992, DiMarco et al. 2001), while others have measured perinatal bereavement by assessing psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety (Forrest et al. 1982, Vance et al. 1995).”
BackgroundThe psychoanalytic conceptualization of perinatal loss: a multidimensional model
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EFFECTS OF A PROGRAM OF INTERVENTION ON PARENTAL DISTRESS FOLLOWING INFANT DEATH
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“In a study conducted by Forrest, Standish, and Baum (1982), which randomly assigned mothers to either a program of planned support and counseling or to a program of routine hospital care, signiücant beneücial eþects were found in terms of psychiatric symptomatology associated with the intervention…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialParents’ concerns about future pregnancy after stillbirth: a qualitative study
Meaney, S., Everard, C. M., Gallagher, S., & O'Donoghue, K. (2017) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.12480 · Cited by 77
“17 Research also indi - cates that women seek medical guidance regarding the optimal time for a subsequent pregnancy following a stillbirth.”
Late intrauterine fetal death and stillbirth
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Grief reactions to perinatal death—a follow-up study
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Effectiveness of bereavement interventions in neonatal intensive care: a review of the evidence
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“For each woman an initial counselling session with the midwife and eight additional sessions of counselling with a specialist bereavement counsellor were assumed based on data from published sources [33,34].”
The effects of pregnancy loss on women's health
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Parental grief following the death of an infant—a follow‐up over one year
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Predictors of Maternal Grief in the Year after a Newborn Death
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Providing perinatal loss care: Satisfying and dissatisfying aspects for midwives
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The miscarriage clinic: an audit of the first year
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GRIEF COMMUNICATION, GRIEF REACTIONS AND MARITAL SATISFACTION IN BEREAVED PARENTS
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No pills for heartache: The importance of social support for women who suffer pregnancy loss
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Neugebauer, R. (2003) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10019 · Cited by 57
Parents' Coping and Communication following Their Infant'S Death
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Lilford, R. J., Stratton, P., Godsil, S., & Prasad, A. (1994) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13612.x · Cited by 55
Support for women/families after perinatal death
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Parents’ Experience Surrounding the Death of a Newborn Whose Birth Is at the Margin of Viability
Kavanaugh, K. L. (1997) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1997.tb01506.x · Cited by 54
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Effects of severe obstetric complications on women’s health and infant mortality in Benin
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“The psychological distress found in the perinatal death group has been documented in developed countries (Forrest et al. 1982; Flenady & Wilson 2008) and is often associated with physical symptoms (Badenhorst & Hughes 2007).”
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The Experience and Psychological Impact of Early Miscarriage
Jackman, C., McGee, H. M., & Turner, M. J. (1991) · The Irish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/03033910.1991.10557831 · Cited by 50
Toward A Model of Parental Grief
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Evaluation of a perinatal grief support team
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The psychological and social consequences of miscarriage
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Haghparast, E., Faramarzi, M., & Hassanzadeh, R. (2016) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.325.10909 · Cited by 47
Support for mothers, fathers and families after perinatal death
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Long-term impact of perinatal bereavement
Schaap, A. H. P., Wolf, H., Bruinse, H. W., Lande, S., & Treffers, P. E. (1997) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/s0301-2115(97)00127-9 · Cited by 46
Johnson, J. E., Price, A. B., Kao, J. C., Fernandes, K., Stout, R. L., Gobin, R. L., & Zlotnick, C. (2016) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0625-5 · Cited by 46
“Women’s perceptions of marital difficulties are associated with depression or distress up to a year after the miscarriage (Beutel et al. 1996; Forrest et al. 1982; Stirtzinger et al. 1999; Swanson 2003b).”
The grief of late pregnancy loss
Hunfeld, J. A. M., Wladimiroff, J. W., & Passchier, J. (1997) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/s0738-3991(97)01008-2 · Cited by 48
West Midlands perinatal mortality survey, 1987. An audit of 300 perinatal autopsies
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Psychiatric morbidity following miscarriage in Hong Kong
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Parents’ evaluation of support in Australian hospitals following stillbirth
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Do interventions make a difference to bereaved parents? A systematic review of controlled studies
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Death and bereavement in a paediatric intensive care unit: Parental perceptions of staff support
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“These findings concur with current research on the importance of social support [37–40].”
ResultEvents after Stillbirth in Relation to Maternal Depressive Symptoms: A Brief Report
Surkan, P. J., Rådestad, I., Cnattingius, S., Steineck, G., & Dickman, P. W. (2008) · Birth · doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.2008.00229.x · Cited by 37
A Critical Review of the Concept of Pathological Grief following Pregnancy Loss
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Thomas, S. L., Stephens, L., Mills, T., Hughes, C., Kerby, A., Smith, D. M., & Heazell, A. (2021) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-021-04289-0 · Cited by 36
“Although grieving, women frequently report planning for another pregnancy [3], and most will embark on another pregnancy, with estimates of 50% of women conceiving within a year and 86% within 18 months [4, 5].”
BackgroundKong, G. W. S., Chung, T., & Lok, I. H. (2014) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.12908 · Cited by 36
Do Child and/or Parent Bereavement Programs Work?
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“Studies Showing Benefit (n = 2) Forrest, Standish and Baum (3) randomly allocated mothers who had a stillbirth or neonatal death to a program of planned support and counselling or to a control group.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe management of late fetal death: a guide tocomprehensive care
Fox, R., Filial, M., Porter, H., & Gill, G. (1997) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1997.tb10639.x · Cited by 34
Depression in women suffering perinatal loss
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Management of subsequent pregnancy after an unexplained stillbirth
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Metadata
- Authors
- Forrest, G. C., Standish, E., & Baum, J. D.
- Affiliations
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1982-11-20
- Volume
- 285
- Issue
- 6353
- Pages
- 1475-1479
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W2003832274
- Semantic Scholar
- 595d72d9da18496e3af774b2bb47515b9efb0a73
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- perinatal death, perinatal bereavement, grief counseling, postpartum depression, social isolation, marital intimacy, maternal mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Counseling, Family, Female, Fetal Death, Grief, Humans, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Professional-Family Relations, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk, Stress, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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