The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) design as a framework to formulate eligibility criteria in systematic reviews
Abstract
Dear editor, We read with great interest the review entitled ‘Paracetamol vs other analgesia in adult patients with minor musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic review’,1 published in the Emergency Medicine Journal . Although the authors have stated that they followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, there is a methodological issue regarding the study discussed in this letter, which …
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The eligibility criteria were developed using the PICOS framework and adapted for the scoping purpose of this review [19].”
From Digital health technologies in oncology services: A scoping review of clinical implementation, organisational evidence gaps, and policy implications (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048
How to formulate research recommendations
Brown, P., Brunnhuber, K., Chalkidou, K., Chalmers, I., Clarke, M., Fenton, M., Forbes, C., Glanville, J., Hicks, N. J., Moody, J., et al. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38987.492014.94 · Cited by 381
Systematic Reviews: Are They Actually Well Conducted and Reported in Accordance with PRISMA?
Gholizadeh, M., Amir‐Behghadami, M., & Janati, A. (2020) · Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma · doi:10.29252/beat-080110 · Cited by 15
Self-citationRidderikhof, M. L., Saanen, J. B., Goddijn, H., van Dieren, S., van Etten‐Jamaludin, F. S., Lirk, P. B., Goslings, J. C., & Hollmann, M. W. (2019) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emermed-2019-208439 · Cited by 11
Comment on: Systematic review of functional outcome and quality of life after total pancreatectomy
Amir‐Behghadami, M., Janati, A., & Gholizadeh, M. (2020) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1002/bjs.11535 · Cited by 5
Self-citationJanati, A., Amir‐Behghadami, M., & Arab‐Zozani, M. (2020) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2020.02.018 · Cited by 5
Self-citationAmir‐Behghadami, M., Gholizadeh, M., & Janati, A. (2019) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2019.11.010 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Higgins JP , Green S . Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Vol 4: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 1,003
Hu, B., Wang, C. C., Xia, Z., Lu, C. F., & Ju, X. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2025.102613 · Cited by 17
Çolak, T. K., Durmuş, B., Saatçı, E., Çağlar, E., Akçay, B., & Maeso, S. L. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14041063 · Cited by 14
“Criteria for inclusion and exclusion were based on the PICOS format (Table 1) [22].”
Zhou, J.-J., Zhong, Y.-C., & Xu, W.-H. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0314664 · Cited by 14
Xiong, Z., Yuan, Y., Yang, Y., Qiu, B., Bai, Y., Wang, T., Wang, J., Zhang, L., & Li, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1510578 · Cited by 14
Outcomes of orthopaedic surgery in Ehlers-Danlos syndromes: a scoping review
Schubart, J. R., Mills, S. E., Rodeo, S. A., & Francomano, C. A. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-07937-6 · Cited by 14
“To be included, original manuscripts were focused on specific study dimensions pre-specified by the PICO elements (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) [19].”
MethodKim, S.-Y., Cho, Y.-E., Hong, S.-J., Huh, J.-B., Pyo, S.-W., Yi, Y.-S., & Yoo, S.-Y. (2024) · The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics · doi:10.4047/jap.2024.16.4.255 · Cited by 14
Safia, A., Elhadi, U. A., Farhat, R., Elgrinawi, S., Safieh, J., Bader, R., Khater, A., Merchavy, S., & Massoud, S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13133635 · Cited by 14
Lin, X., Zheng, J., Zhang, Q., & Li, Y. (2024) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2024.100587 · Cited by 20
Dudkiewicz, K., Łacinik, S., Jedliński, M., Janiszewska-Olszowska, J., & Grocholewicz, K. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14030252 · Cited by 14
“The framework of this systematic review according to PICO(S) [22] was as follows: population—dental prosthetic clinicians, dental technicians, dental students, and porcelain specimens; comparison—difference in accuracy of the porcelain shade determination by humans and color measurement devices;…”
MethodManfredi, C., Boeri, L., Sokolakis, I., Schifano, N., Pyrgidis, N., Fernández-Pascual, E., Sansone, A., García-Gómez, B., Albersen, M., Corona, G., et al. (2024) · Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/sexmed/qfad071 · Cited by 14
Effects of inspiratory muscle training in patients with hypertension: a meta-analysis
Zheng, S., Zhang, Q., Li, S., Li, S.-L., Yao, Q., Zheng, X., Li, G., Zeng, Y., Chen, L., Chen, S.-P., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1113509 · Cited by 14
“UsingPICOS elements as a basis, the eligibility criteriawere defined (21): (1) population: patients enrolled in clinical trials who have SBP greater than 130 mmHg and/or DBP greater than 80 mmHg (22); (2) intervention: IMT was utilized in the intervention group; (3) comparison: in the control group, a blank control, s…”
MethodŠömen, M. M., Peskar, M., Wollesen, B., Gramann, K., & Marušič, U. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032319 · Cited by 13
Sikora, M., Chęciński, M., Nowak, Z., Chęcińska, K., Olszowski, T., & Chlubek, D. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10163604 · Cited by 14
“The applied search strategy was based on predefined PICOS criteria [19].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLiang, Y.-X., Yang, Y., Yuan, Y., Chen, L., Wang, T., Luo, B., Wang, J., & Zhuang, J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24156-3 · Cited by 13
“According to the principles of the “PICOS” inclusion criteria [13], the included studies comprised the following criteria: (1) participants were healthy (i.e., general population, including samples of children with overweight/ obesity but not samples of children exclusively with a diagnosed medical…”
Santarelli, V., Valenzi, F., Haberal, H. B., Morgantini, L., Biasatti, A., Aljoulani, M., Carletti, F., Turcan, A., Tamborino, F., Giudice, F. D. D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Robotic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11701-025-02509-9 · Cited by 13
“According to the Patient-Index-Comparator-Study (PICOS) design criteria [10], we established the following research question: What are the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of SP robotic-assisted main reconstructive urologic procedures and how these outcomes compare to those of the MP…”
Kumar, R., Bogia, P., Haq, A. U., Singh, V., & Reddy, T. O. (2025) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01482-y · Cited by 13
“Research questions and data extraction were structured using the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design) framework to ensure a systematic review process [29].”
Group peer support among immigrants and refugees: a scoping review
Abo‐Rass, F., Nakash, O., Friedman, L., O’Neill, P., & Torres, M. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2025.2485710 · Cited by 14
Neto, J. D. O. V., de Moraes, W. M. A. M., Pinto, D. V., da Silva, C. A., Caminha, J. D. S. R., Filho, J. C. C. N., Reis, C. E. G., Prestes, J., Santos, H. O., & Daher, E. D. F. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071275 · Cited by 11
“The PICOS eligibility strategy was applied [16].”
Cangelosi, G., Sacchini, F., Biondini, F., Mancin, S., Palomares, S. M., Ferrara, G., Caggianelli, G., Sguanci, M. E., & Petrelli, F. (2025) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics10010017 · Cited by 19
Does music counteract mental fatigue? A systematic review
Ding, C., Soh, K. G., Sun, H., Roslan, S. B., Cao, S., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0316252 · Cited by 15
Cortés‐Pérez, I., Obrero‐Gaitán, E., Verdejo-Herrero, A., Zagalaz‐Anula, N., Rey, R. R.-D., & García‐López, H. (2024) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.11.018 · Cited by 14
Piñar-Lara, M., Cortés-Pérez, I., Díaz-Fernández, Á., Ibáñez, M. D. A. M., Sedeño-Vidal, A., & Obrero-Gaitán, E. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11111112 · Cited by 13
Chen, X., Chen, L., & Gao, Y. (2024) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103062 · Cited by 13
Remer, F., Keilani, M., Kull, P., & Crevenna, R. (2023) · Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s10354-023-01026-4 · Cited by 13
Otto-Lambertz, C., Decker, L., Adams, A., Yagdiran, A., & Eysel, P. (2023) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2023.04.015 · Cited by 13
Bonetti, M. A., Costantino, A., Afflitto, G. G., Carbonaro, R., Amendola, F., Catapano, S., Cottone, G., Borelli, F., & Vaienti, L. (2022) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103517 · Cited by 17
The effect of robot interventions on sleep in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Støre, S. J., Beckman, L. J., & Jakobsson, N. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10022 · Cited by 15
“24 The criteria for inclusion were 1) adult participants (18+), 2) a comparison of a robot and/or a plush toy intervention, and/or a treatment as usual control group, 3) an outcome of nighttime sleep, 4) a randomized or cluster randomized controlled trial design, and 5) publication in an English…”
Ambegaonkar, A., Ritchie, C. W., & García, S. D. L. F. (2021) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-200259 · Cited by 20
“Table 1 compiles the results of the review papers discussed, while Table 2 compiles the results of the clinical studies discussed using the PICO format [25].”
MethodGastaldello, G., Bošnjak, M., Schäufele, I., & Schamel, G. (2025) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2025.105655 · Cited by 17
Sun, Y., Tian, Z., Ma, Y., Zhu, Q., Zheng, R., Guan, Y., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.13138 · Cited by 12
Joshi, S., Sharma, M., Kumar, A., Joshi, T., Johri, A., & Alfehaid, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainability · doi:10.3389/frsus.2025.1641299 · Cited by 12
Sforza, M., Ivanenko, O., Biabani, N., Sforza, L., Kalaskar, D. M., Mohri, Z., & Mosahebi, A. (2025) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-025-04641-7 · Cited by 12
“The Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) framework [10, 11] was as follows: • Population: humans only.”
Karimi, M., Karimi, M. A., Fayedeh, F., Kafi, F. Z., Kazemi, K., Jahangiri, S., & Asbaghi, O. (2025) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-025-01833-2 · Cited by 16
“The study was designed based on the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study) framework [32], including:”
Yao, G., Zhang, J.-L., Soh, K. G., Bai, X.-R., Xiao, W., Anuar, M., & Bao, L.-X. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0331228 · Cited by 12
“The inclusion criteria were established based on the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study Design) framework [23], as follows: (a) there were no restrictions on the gender, age, or inclusion of vulnerable groups with physical disabilities, and there were no requirements…”
Brits, E., Brown, S., Botes, L., Sempa, J. B., & Pienaar, M. A. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162234 · Cited by 12
Health Economic Evaluations of Circulating Tumor DNA Testing for Cancer Screening: Systematic Review
Rui, M., Wang, Y., & You, J. (2025) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.70641 · Cited by 12
The Role of Machine Learning in Management of Operating Room: A Systematic Review
Merghani, A. M. A., Esmail, A., Osman, A. M. E. M., Mohamed, N. A. A., Shentour, S. M. M. A., & Merghani, S. M. A. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.79400 · Cited by 11
“The PICOS framework was used to define the eligibility criteria for study inclusion [10].”
Unlocking the Potentials of Large Language Models in Orthodontics: A Scoping Review
Zheng, J., Ding, X., Pu, J. J., Chung, S. M., Ai, Q. Y. H., Hung, K. F., & Shan, Z. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11111145 · Cited by 11
“The eligibility criteria were constructed according to the PICOS format [44 After an extensive search was performed across five major electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase), all records were imported into EndNote 20 software for screening.”
A systematic review of problematic gaming: Escapist strategy to cope with difficult life situations
Sinha, S., Sharma, M. K., Narayanan, G., Kashyap, H., Shreedevi, A. U., & Tadpatrikar, A. (2024) · Industrial Psychiatry Journal · doi:10.4103/ipj.ipj_99_23 · Cited by 11
“[32]”
van Es, V. A. A., Lathauwer, I. L. J. D., Kemps, H., Handjaras, G., & Betta, M. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11101045 · Cited by 12
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone fractures: a systematic review update
Picelli, A., Censo, R. D., Tomasello, S., Scaturro, D., Mauro, G. L., Smania, N., & Filippetti, M. (2024) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.24.08226-1 · Cited by 12
“…treated by means of pulsed electromagnetic fields at 1, 2 and 3 months of follow-up, 18 while another one found a significant decrease in pain after 6 weeks of follow-up (but not at 4, 9, 12, 24 and 52 weeks) in patients with scaphoid fracture treated by means of pulsed electromagnetic fields.”
Arellano, J., Comerci, A. J., Liu, H. Y., Bonetti, M. A., Nguyen, V., Parent, B. A., Bailey, E. A., Moreira, A., Gimbel, M., & Egro, F. (2024) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-024-04382-7 · Cited by 12
“The PICOS framework [9] was used in developing the literature search strategy: • Population (P): Post-mastectomy patients undergoing free flap reconstruction; Studies were excluded if: (a) they were not in English, (b) they were not available in full-text form, (c) data on intraoperative free flap…”
Lu, F., Zhao, K., Ye, M.-Q., Xing, G., Liu, B., Li, X.-B., Ran, Y., Wu, F., Chen, W., & Hu, S.-P. (2024) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-024-12780-y · Cited by 12
“All clinical studies included in the analysis adhered to the PICOS criteria [16]: 1) Patients aged 18 years or older with advanced HCC who have received first-line treatments.”
MethodHnitecka, S., Olchowy, C., Olchowy, A., Dąbrowski, P., & Dominiak, M. (2024) · Dental and Medical Problems · doi:10.17219/dmp/181532 · Cited by 12
“22 All eligibility criteria are outlined in Table 1.”
D'Ameida, S. S., Cannon, R., Vu, N. T., Ponce, B. A., & Redden, D. T. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.54235 · Cited by 11
“The 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome, and Study Design) framework were used to guide the search process [18,19].”
MethodMeier, N., Schlie, J., & Schmidt, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1146718 · Cited by 14
“The research question regarding the first aspect adheres to the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Study Design (PICOS) strategy (Amir-Behghadami and Janati, 2020), and regarding the second aspect to the Population, Intertest, and Context (PICo) strategy to determine relevant studies to include (Stern et…”
BackgroundMethodSimion, L., Rotaru, V., Cirimbei, C., Stefan, D., Gherghe, M., Ionescu, S., Tanase, B., Luca, D., Galeș, L., & Chitoran, E. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13061040 · Cited by 12
Tolera, S., Diriba, W., Gutema, G. D., & Kaweti, G. (2023) · Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing · doi:10.1177/00469580231210525 · Cited by 12
van der Weijden, F. N., Lobbezoo, F., & Slot, D. E. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8628 · Cited by 15
Ogbolu, G., Hague, S., Adelaja, A. A., Ohanagorom, M. I., Amala, M. N., & Adedeji, O. (2026) · Trends in Higher Education · doi:10.3390/higheredu5010026 · Cited by 18
“Articles were included if they offered theoretical or empirical insights and met the publication criteria [24,25].”
Merchavy, S., Kassem, K., Awawde, R., Elhadi, U. A., & Safia, A. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13102516 · Cited by 11
“Studies were selected according to the PICOS framework [16] with the following inclusion criteria:”
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Electromagnetic Waves on Living Beings
Danho, S., Huertas, J. F. E., & Schoellhorn, W. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.90355 · Cited by 11
“They also help bring structure and order to a complex area, along with helping minimize bias, evaluate study quality, and identify research gaps [15,16].”
Liu, C.-X., Peng, W.-W., Qu, W.-H., Zhang, Z.-Y., Sun, J., He, J.-X., Cheng, B.-J., & Li, D.-Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0321925 · Cited by 11
“The literature screening criteria for this meta-analysis were established according to the PICOS [34]”
Li, C., Wei, L., Gong, H.-Y., & Yuan, X. (2025) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-025-03018-w · Cited by 11
“Studies were selected using the PICOS framework [15].”
Fasano, A., Mauro, M. C., Beani, E., Nicora, G., Germanotta, M., Falchini, F., Pavan, A., Habib, V., Quaglini, S., Sgandurra, G., et al. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13070828 · Cited by 9
“In particular, following the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework [17], the population included patients with all kinds of neurological disorders, who have undergone motor rehabilitation that involved a robotic or technology-assisted intervention, without any…”
Potential benefits of kefir and its compounds on Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review
Tanure, Y. C. B., Mafra, A. C. M., Guimarães, B. L. M., Magalhães, R. C., Fagúndez, C., do Nascimento, I. J. B., & Brito, J. C. M. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative · doi:10.1016/j.bbii.2025.100115 · Cited by 12
Yoga and chronic diseases: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Wang, F., Yang, W., Wang, C., Wang, K., Yu, Z., Ke, D., Sun, L., & Gao, X. (2025) · Medical Review · doi:10.1515/mr-2024-0078 · Cited by 11
Medeiros, H. J. S., Rodrigue, A., Mueller, A., Korn, E. G., & Sabouri, A. (2024) · Journal of Biological Methods · doi:10.14440/jbm.2024.0070 · Cited by 11
“The research scope was defined against the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design [12] framework, which includes the following components: The population consisted of adult patients over 18 years old who underwent cardiac surgery with midline sternotomy; the intervention…”
García-Sánchez, M., Obrero-Gaitán, E., Piñar-Lara, M., Osuna-Pérez, M., Díaz-Fernández, Á., & Cortés-Pérez, I. (2024) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.10.020 · Cited by 11
Safia, A., Elhadi, U. A., Roch, M., Kassem, K., Safiya, R., Zubeidat, A., Nofal, N., Heib, A., Merchavy, S., & Bishara, T. (2024) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1097/js9.0000000000001978 · Cited by 11
“Studies were selected using the PICOS framework [25] .”
Lee, T. K. W., Chang, J. R., Hao, D., Fu, S.-N., & Wong, A. Y. L. (2024) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2023.0630 · Cited by 11
“28 (1) Population: adults ( ‡ 18 years old) with chronic musculoskeletal pain that was de fi ned by the ICD-11 for chronic musculoskeletal pain or the ACTTION-APS Pain Tax-onomy (AAPT) 29 – 31”
Hambisa, H. D., Asfaha, B. T., Ambisa, B., & Beyisho, A. G. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18238-x · Cited by 11
“The PICOS evidence-based medicine framework served as our basis for inclusion criteria, and nonrandomized studies met the following PICOS-standardized components [16].”
MethodAlapati, S., Fortuna, G., Ramage, G., & Delaney, C. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13080890 · Cited by 11
Yao, W. X., Ge, S., Zhang, J. Q., Hemmat, P., Jiang, B. Y., Liu, X. J., Lù, X. H., Yaghi, Z., & Yue, G. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1187175 · Cited by 14
“The study used the PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design) framework to establish eligibility criteria (Amir-Behghadami and Janati, 2020).”
MethodChen, H., Li, J., Wang, X., & Fu, Y. (2023) · Archives of Osteoporosis · doi:10.1007/s11657-023-01234-w · Cited by 13
Taufiq, H., Fakiruddin, K. S., Muzaffar, U., Lim, M. N., Rusli, S., Kamaluddin, N. R., Esa, E., & Abdullah, S. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/17534666231158276 · Cited by 15
Rahman, M., Tabassum, A., Sultana, S., Saha, T., Nayeem, M. A. J., Jahan, I., Hasan, I., Hayat, S., Papri, N., & Islam, Z. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-105955 · Cited by 7
“The research question for this study is structured using the PECO framework, 27 which provides a systematic approach outlining the population (P), exposure (E), comparison (C) and outcome (O).”
Karimi, M., Bahreini, N., Pirzad, S., Pourfaraji, S. M. A., Shirsalimi, N., Asbaghi, O., & Larijani, B. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-025-01682-w · Cited by 10
Tang, F., Zha, X.-K., Ye, W., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Wang, L., Lyu, L.-P., & Lyu, X.-M. (2025) · BMC Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12890-025-03760-4 · Cited by 12
“The study design followed the Patients (or Population), Intervention(s) (or Exposures), Comparison, Outcomes, and Study—also known as PICOS—framework [30] in designating the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis.”
Cassaro, F., Impellizzeri, P., Maiorana, M., Romeo, C., & Arena, S. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162419 · Cited by 10
Huang, K., Zhang, G., Gains, H., He, R., Jiao, Y., Jia, Y., & Chen, L. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2025.105583 · Cited by 15
Chernyshenko, T., Polkin, R., Dvoinikova, E., Shepelev, V., & Goncharuk, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1526268 · Cited by 10
Bakari, H. M., Alo, O., Mbwana, M. S., Salim, S. M., Ally, Z. M., Musoke, R., Ludeman, E. M., Lascko, T., Blanco, N., & Ramadhani, H. (2025) · Discover Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12982-025-00386-z · Cited by 10
Anhedonia in Youth and the Role of Internet-Related Behavior: A Systematic Review
Cangelosi, G., Biondini, F., Sguanci, M. E., Nguyen, C. T. T., Ferrara, G., Diamanti, O., Palomares, S. M., Mancin, S., & Petrelli, F. (2024) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint6010001 · Cited by 13
Findlay, G., & Robertson, N. (2024) · Omega · doi:10.1177/00302228241302431 · Cited by 10
“A search strategy was developed using the SPIDER acronym (Table 1; Amir-Behghadami & Janati, 2020).”
Liu, H. Y., Alessandri-Bonetti, M., Kasmirski, J., Stofman, G. M., & Egro, F. (2024) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000006026 · Cited by 10
“The population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study framework 17 was used to develop the literature search strategy: population (P), patients undergone micro-surgical delayed burn reconstruction, which was defined as burn reconstruction by means of free tissue transfer performed 6 weeks or…”
MethodPhoton vs proton hypofractionation in prostate Cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Corrao, G., Marvaso, G., Mastroleo, F., Biffi, A., Pellegrini, G., Minari, S., Vincini, M. G., Zaffaroni, M., Zerini, D., Volpe, S., et al. (2024) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110264 · Cited by 10
Feng, Y., Guo, K., Jin, H., Jiang, J., Wang, M., & Lin, S. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269067 · Cited by 10
Ditonno, F., Manfredi, C., Franco, A., Veccia, A., Moro, F. D., de Nunzio, C., de Sio, M., Antonelli, A., & Autorino, R. (2023) · Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases · doi:10.1038/s41391-023-00744-5 · Cited by 10
“The”
Hu, Y., Hu, L., Wang, Y., Luo, X., Zhao, X., & He, L.-Y. (2023) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148633 · Cited by 10
Gulzar, M. A., Gul, N., Alvi, F. D., Khattak, Y., Hasan, U. S., Haneef, M., & Ahmad, I. (2023) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103747 · Cited by 10
Moneruzzaman, M., Sun, W.-Z., Changwe, G. J., & Wang, Y.-H. (2023) · Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2405141 · Cited by 10
“Study selection and screening of article titles and abstracts were made using PICO(S) methods [30].”
MethodIsselhard, A., Lautz, Z., Rhiem, K., & Stock, S. (2023) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol30040274 · Cited by 14
Emerging Technologies to Promote Fans Interaction in Football Events: A Systematic Review
Martins, F., França, A., Paixão, P., Martinho, D. V., Campos, P. F., Gouveia, T. B., Lopes, H., Ihle, A., Marques, E. R. B., & Gouveia, É. (2023) · Adv. Hum. Comput. Interact. · doi:10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0015 · Cited by 10
“Te search items used for this review were constructed using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design (PICOS) framework [27]: (1) population in general of both genders and any age, (2) studies based on digital technologies used in European football sportive events, (3)…”
MethodDamiani, S., Cavicchioli, M., Guiot, C., Donadeo, A., Scalabrini, A., Grecuzzo, V., Bergamaschini, I., Provenzani, U., Politi, P., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.036 · Cited by 9
Methods and Annotated Data Sets Used to Predict the Gender and Age of Twitter Users: Scoping Review
O'Connor, K., Golder, S., Weissenbacher, D., Klein, A. Z., Magge, A., & Gonzalez-Hernandez, G. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/47923 · Cited by 10
“ACL (Association for Computational Linguistics) Anthology: 5080, of which the first 50 records were screened [41] framework, we developed a list of inclusion and exclusion criteria (refer to the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria section), and 2 screeners from the research team screened the results…”
Miao, P., Tan, Z.-L., Yao, C.-L., Cai, Z.-W., Feng, Y.-P., & Yu, Z.-Y. (2025) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-025-04686-z · Cited by 9
“The criteria for inclusion and exclusion were established according to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design (PICOS) framework [13].”
Ficarra, V., Romito, I., Sorce, G., Maravigna, D., Stefano, A. D., Mottrie, A., Abdollah, F., Viganò, S., Stabile, A., Salonia, A., et al. (2025) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2025.08.010 · Cited by 9
Iraqui, A., Safia, A., Mahameed, M., Elhadi, U. A., & Merchavy, S. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17172870 · Cited by 9
Ford, C. D., Guridi, M., Chen, Y.-J., Murphy, A. P., Wood, C., McMillan, H., Mercuri, E., Crabtree, N., & Ward, L. (2025) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/s00198-025-07651-6 · Cited by 9
“Eligibility criteria were based on the Population, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes, and Study (PICOS) design framework [18].”
Özyurt, F., Üzelpasacı, E., Tayfur, A., & Akbayrak, T. (2025) · BMC Women's Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-025-03881-2 · Cited by 9
Solberg, P., Hopkins, W. G., Andersen, V., Lindberg, K., Bjørnsen, T., Saeterbakken, A., & Paulsen, G. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-00870-1 · Cited by 9
“In line with the PICOS framework 20,21 , our Population (P) comprised healthy athletes or strength-trained participants, as defined by the individual papers.”
Chen, Y.-X., Zhou, Y., Zhang, X.-L., He, W.-Y., Ye, Q., & Xu, M. (2025) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076251358297 · Cited by 9
Wajer, R., Dąbrowski-Tumański, P., Wajer, A., Kazimierczak, N., Serafin, Z., & Kazimierczak, W. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14124214 · Cited by 13
Cristini, J., Medina‐Rincón, A., Roy, A. V., Seo, F., Moncion, K., Carrier, J., Paquette, C., Dagher, A., Steib, S., & Roig, M. (2025) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102117 · Cited by 11
Executive function deficit in patients with long COVID syndrome: A systematic review
Nasir, S. M., Yahya, N. A., Yap, K. H., & Manan, H. A. (2025) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e41987 · Cited by 14
“The Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) strategy, which consists of inclusion and exclusion criteria was used as the fundamental guideline to refine the selection of articles [15 – 17].”
Kanmodi, K., Salami, A., Shah, K., Zohoori, F., & Nnyanzi, L. (2024) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70171 · Cited by 9
Tolera, S., Gobena, T., Assefa, N., & Geremew, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1425904 · Cited by 9
The use of tranexamic acid in paediatric adenotonsillectomy - A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Hannigan, A., Bumbak, P., Brennan-Jones, C., & Hintze, J. (2024) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112110 · Cited by 9
Photodynamic therapy in management of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A systematic review
Ullah, N., Sagar, M., Abidin, Z., Naeem, M. A., Din, S. Z. U., & Ahmad, I. (2024) · Lasers in Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s10103-024-04174-0 · Cited by 9
“The literature review was conducted in accordance with the PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes and Study type) framework [27].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Amir-Behghadami, M., & Janati, A.
- Affiliations
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Venue
- Emergency Medicine Journal
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2020-04-05
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 387-387
- ISSN
- 1351-0622 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-0205
- 1472-0213
- OpenAlex
- W3015126898
- Cited by
- 1,335
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 408 · 2025: 393 · 2024: 271 · 2023: 148 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 13.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Emergency Medicine Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Methodologies in Health Research and Practice
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- eligibility criteria, systematic review methodology, research design, paracetamol, analgesia
- MeSH terms
- Systematic Reviews as Topic, Humans, Research Design
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
