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Adipose tissue derived bacteria are associated with inflammation in obesity and type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Objective Bacterial translocation to various organs including human adipose tissue (AT) due to increased intestinal permeability remains poorly understood. We hypothesised that: (1) bacterial presence is highly tissue specific and (2) related in composition and quantity to immune inflammatory and metabolic burden. Design We quantified and sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in blood and AT samples (omental, mesenteric and subcutaneous) of 75 subjects with obesity with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D) and used catalysed reporter deposition (CARD) – fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to detect bacteria in AT. Results Under stringent experimental and bioinformatic control for contaminants, bacterial DNA was detected in blood and omental, subcutaneous and mesenteric AT samples in the range of 0.1 to 5 pg/µg DNA isolate. Moreover, CARD-FISH allowed the detection of living, AT-borne bacteria. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the predominant phyla, and bacterial quantity was associated with immune cell infiltration, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in a tissue-specific manner. Bacterial composition differed between subjects with and without T2D and was associated with related clinical measures, including systemic and tissues-specific inflammatory markers. Finally, treatment of adipocytes with bacterial DNA in vitro stimulated the expression of TNFA and IL6 . Conclusions Our study provides contaminant aware evidence for the presence of bacteria and bacterial DNA in several ATs in obesity and T2D and suggests an important role of bacteria in initiating and sustaining local AT subclinical inflammation and therefore impacting metabolic sequelae of obesity.
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Gut microbiota composition and functionality are altered in obesity, skewing towards increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.
“Gut microbiota composition and functionality are altered in obesity, skewing towards increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes.100”
From Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [100]
Increased intestinal permeability to bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide also occurs more frequently in people with obesity.
“Increased intestinal permeability to bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (a potent inflammatory stimulus) also occurs more frequently in people with obesity.100”
From Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [100]
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The Metabolic Role and Therapeutic Potential of the Microbiome
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Silva, D., Viana, S., Carvalho, E., Reis, F., & Matafome, P. N. (2023) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-023-03262-3 · Cited by 103
Adipose Tissue Macrophage Polarization in Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity
Ruggiero, A. D., Key, C.-C. C., & Kavanagh, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.625331 · Cited by 92
“Examples include trans-fat consumption being linked to visceral fat accumulation, and in an obese patient cohort, the abundance of ectopic bacteria in omental fat tissue was slightly higher than that in subcutaneous fat, both of which are consistent with the body of knowledge that indicates intra-abdominal AT is more…”
BackgroundResultMeasuring the microbiome: Best practices for developing and benchmarking microbiomics methods
Bokulich, N. A., Ziemski, M., Robeson, M. S., & Kaehler, B. D. (2020) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2020.11.049 · Cited by 94
“7 billion in the past decade [7,14], given the increasing discovery of microbial impacts on cancer [15,16], obesity [17,18], pharmacological effects [19,20], infant health [21–24], and susceptibility to disease [25].”
BackgroundMolecular and Pathophysiological Links between Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Hyun, C. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22179139 · Cited by 87
Gut Microbiota as an Endocrine Organ: Unveiling Its Role in Human Physiology and Health
Pires, L., Gonzaléz‐Paramás, A. M., Heleno, S. A., & Calhelha, R. C. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14209383 · Cited by 89
“Prebiotic administration inhibits feed intake by enhancing GLP-1 and PYY synthesis and inhibiting ghrelin production [126], although results may vary depending on the intervention and population.”
Intestinal microbial metabolites in human metabolism and type 2 diabetes
Herrema, H., & Niess, J. H. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-020-05268-4 · Cited by 83
“Although bacterial DNA has indeed been reported in circulation and tissues of people with type 2 diabetes, the extent to which living bacteria translocate from the gut to other body sites in humans is the topic of extensive debate [56, 57].”
BackgroundDoes C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) Link Obesity to a Pro-Inflammatory State?
Dommel, S., & Blüher, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22031500 · Cited by 81
Self-citationBrettle, H., Tran, V., Drummond, G. R., Franks, A. E., Petrovski, S., Vinh, A., & Jelinic, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.971048 · Cited by 81
“Moreover, in vivo and in vitro studies showed that the translocation of living gut microbiota to adipose tissues in obese patients with increased intestinal permeability inhibits leptin signaling (109).”
BackgroundSchamarek, I., Anders, L., Chakaroun, R., Kovacs, P. L., & Rohde‐Zimmermann, K. (2023) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-023-00856-7 · Cited by 73
“Characteristic changes of the gut microbiome underscore a causal link between inflammation and the merging obesity [57, 58].”
BackgroundSelf-citationShantaram, D., Hoyd, R., Blaszczak, A. M., Antwi, L., Jalilvand, A., Wright, V. P., Liu, J., Smith, A. J., Bradley, D. P., Lafuse, W. P., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-48935-5 · Cited by 75
The Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Obesity-Associated Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders
Islam, M. R., Arthur, S., Haynes, J., Butts, M. R., Nepal, N., & Sundaram, U. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14030624 · Cited by 73
Fungal lysozyme leverages the gut microbiota to curb DSS-induced colitis
Larsen, I., Jensen, B. A. H., Bonazzi, E., Choi, B. S.-Y., Kristensen, N. N., Schmidt, E. G. W., Sünderhauf, A., Morin, L., Olsen, P., Hansen, L. B. S., et al. (2021) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1988836 · Cited by 66
“Recently, we and others reported bacterial translocation to key metabolic tissues in human obesity, where the site-specific community structures discriminated between weight-matched individuals with and without T2D.(16,17) These findings add to the accumulating evidence of bacterial involvement in the onset and preven…”
BackgroundInfluentialZhao, T., Zhan, L., Zhou, W., Chen, W., Luo, J., Zhang, L., Weng, Z., Zhao, C., & Liu, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.647529 · Cited by 61
Microbiota in mesenteric adipose tissue from Crohn’s disease promote colitis in mice
He, Z., Wu, J., Gong, J., Ke, J., Ding, T., Zhao, W., Cheng, W. M., Luo, Z., He, Q., Zeng, W., et al. (2021) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-021-01178-8 · Cited by 58
Fasano, A. (2025) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2402679 · Cited by 69
Shi, J., Bao, G., Hong, J., Wang, S., Chen, Y., Zhao, S., Gao, A., Zhang, R., Hu, J., Yang, W., et al. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103471 · Cited by 58
Miao, Z., Zheng, H., Liu, W., Cheng, R., Lan, H., Sun, T., Zhao, W. H., Li, J., Shen, X. P., Li, H., et al. (2022) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-022-09911-x · Cited by 54
Recent insights of obesity-induced gut and adipose tissue dysbiosis in type 2 diabetes
Patra, D., Banerjee, D., Ramprasad, P., Roy, S., Pal, D., & Dasgupta, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2023.1224982 · Cited by 63
Zwartjes, M., Gerdes, V. E. A., & Nieuwdorp, M. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11080531 · Cited by 52
“In a recent study by Massier et al., ensuring strict control for contamination, bacterial DNA was identified within several adipose tissue types including the phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria [190].”
BackgroundInfluentialHe, Q., Zhang, Y., Ma, D., Zhang, W., & Zhang, H. (2022) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02764-0 · Cited by 50
Jabeen, M., & Hinks, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127588 · Cited by 49
Experimental diets dictate the metabolic benefits of probiotics in obesity
Larsen, I., Choi, B. S.-Y., Föh, B., Kristensen, N. N., Ouellette, A., Haller, R. F., Olsen, P., Saulnier, D. M. A., Sina, C., Jensen, B. A. H., et al. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2192547 · Cited by 49
Bisphenol A Analogues Induce Neuroendocrine Disruption via Gut–Brain Regulation in Zebrafish
Mu, X., Liu, Z., Zhao, X., Yuan, L., Li, Y., Wang, C., Guohua, X., Mu, J., Qiu, J., & Qian, Y. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.3c05282 · Cited by 46
The breast tissue microbiome, stroma, immune cells and breast cancer
Hieken, T. J., Chen, J., Chen, B., Johnson, S. P., Hoskin, T. L., Degnim, A. C., Walther-Antonio, M. R. S., & Chia, N. (2022) · Neoplasia · doi:10.1016/j.neo.2022.100786 · Cited by 45
Zhao, W., Duan, C.-C., Liu, Y., Lu, G., Lyu, Q., Liu, X., Zheng, J., Zhao, X., Wang, S., & Zhao, H. (2023) · Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B · doi:10.1631/jzus.b2200491 · Cited by 44
“The pre‐ dominance of Proteobacteria in the gut of patients with IBD, obesity, and T2DM has been known (Massier et al., 2020; Oddi et al., 2020; Putignani et al., 2021); however, there are complex interactions among dif‐ ferent genera of gut microbiota, and the role of dif‐ ferent bacteria from the…”
Krieg, L., Didt, K., Karkossa, I., Bernhart, S. H., Kehr, S., Subramanian, N., Lindhorst, A., Schaudinn, A., Tabei, S., Keller, M., et al. (2021) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-324603 · Cited by 41
Self-citationProanthocyanidins in grape seeds and their role in gut microbiota-white adipose tissue axis
Ferreira, Y. A. M., Jamar, G., Estadella, D., & Pisani, L. P. (2022) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134405 · Cited by 41
Li, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Cai, P., Li, M., Tang, X., Tan, Y. C., Wang, Y., Zhang, F., Wen, X., et al. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-022-00871-4 · Cited by 39
“Recently, multiple tissues, including the blood, adipose tissue, and liver, have been further discovered to have tissuespecific microbial signatures in human obesity and T2D conditions, which provides compelling evidence for enteric bacterial translocation across the intestinal barrier to reach the circulation or even…”
BackgroundMethodYang-Jensen, S. K., Nägele, N. S., & Jensen, B. A. H. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00704.2025 · Cited by 44
Deng, Z., Yang, J., Huang, Y., Zhao, L., Zheng, J., Xu, Q., Guan, L. L., & Sun, L. (2023) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-022-2320-y · Cited by 38
“A couple of studies have reported enriched bacteria in the human liver, placenta, and adipose tissues under various pathological conditions (Chen et al., 2020b; He et al., 2021; Massier et al., 2020; Nejman et al., 2020), suggesting the potential translocation of gut bacteria to these organs.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialU-Din, M., Ahmed, B. A., Syed, S. A., Ong, F. J., Oreskovich, S. M., Gunn, E., Surette, M. G., Punthakee, Z., Steinberg, G. R., & Morrison, K. M. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad604 · Cited by 41
Wu, J., Zeng, W., Xie, H., Cao, M., Yang, J., Xie, Y., Luo, Z., Zhang, Z., Xu, H., Huang, W., et al. (2024) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2024.10.008 · Cited by 37
Rewiring host–microbe interactions and barrier function during gastrointestinal inflammation
Yang-Jensen, S. K., Pærregaard, S. I., Brandum, E. P., Jørgensen, A. S., Hjortø, G. M., & Jensen, B. A. H. (2022) · Gastroenterology report · doi:10.1093/gastro/goac008 · Cited by 38
“Bacterial translocation not only occurs in classical IBDs, but also in obesity [153, 154], fatty liver disease [155, 156], and other metabolic conditions characterized by a leaky gut [11,”
Gut-derived bacterial flagellin induces beta-cell inflammation and dysfunction
Scheithauer, T. P. M., Herrema, H., Yu, H., Bakker, G. J., Winkelmeijer, M., Soukhatcheva, G., Dai, D. L., Ma, C., Havik, S. R., Balvers, M., et al. (2022) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2022.2111951 · Cited by 40
“While this has been shown for adipose tissue (Massier et al., 2020; Udayappan et al., 2017), translocation of intestinal bacteria into the pancreas was also suggested to trigger the influx of immune cells and islet inflammation (Thomas and Jobin, 2020).”
BackgroundHuman Microbiome and Its Medical Applications
Zhang, Y., Zhou, L., Xia, J., Dong, C., & Luo, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.703585 · Cited by 32
“In some obese individuals and T2D patients, bacteria were found in the blood and a variety of adipose tissues, which is believed to come primarily from the intestine and has an important role in triggering and maintaining adipose tissue inflammation (Anhe et al., 2020; Massier et al., 2020).”
BackgroundKeeping It Local in Metabolic Disease: Adipose Tissue Paracrine Signaling and Insulin Resistance
KAHN, D. E., & Bergman, B. C. (2022) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi21-0020 · Cited by 34
Yang, L., Liu, M., Zhao, M., Zhi, S., Zhang, W., Qu, L., Xiong, J., Yan, X., Qin, C., Nie, G., et al. (2023) · Aquaculture Nutrition · doi:10.1155/2023/9953927 · Cited by 34
“Among them, Patescibacteria is distributed in adipose depots in humans, which might be associated with obesity [53].”
BackgroundHu, H., Weng, J., Cui, C., Tang, F., Yu, M., Zhou, Y., Shao, F., & Zhu, Y. (2022) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2022/3033311 · Cited by 31
Peripheral and central regulation of insulin by the intestine and microbiome
Schertzer, J. D., & Lam, T. K. T. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00547.2020 · Cited by 31
Frühbeck, G., Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Ramírez, B., Becerril, S., Rodrı́guez, A., Mentxaka, A., Valentí, V., Moncada, R., Reina, G., Baixauli, J., et al. (2024) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-024-05124-3 · Cited by 33
“In this regard, the presence of bacteria and commensal DNA have been detected in the blood and different AT depots in obesity and T2D [12, 13].”
BackgroundCausality of Opportunistic Pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae to Hypertension Development
Li, J., Gao, Q., Ma, Y., Deng, Y., Li, S., Shi, N., Niu, H., Liu, X.-Y., & Cai, J. (2022) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18878 · Cited by 29
Suriano, F., Vieira‐Silva, S., Falony, G., d’Oplinter, A. D. W., Paone, P., Delzenne, N. M., Everard, A., Raes, J., Hul, M. V., & Cani, P. D. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00141.2022 · Cited by 29
Biemann, R., Buß, E., Benndorf, D., Lehmann, T., Schallert, K., Püttker, S., Reichl, U., Isermann, B., Schneider, J. G., Saake, G., et al. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11050726 · Cited by 28
“Hence, chronic consumption of a high-fat diet may lead to intestinal barrier defects, enabling microbial metabolites [9] but also gut-derived microbiota [10] to enter into the circulation.”
BackgroundGene-Environmental Interactions as Metabolic Drivers of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Albhaisi, S. A. M., & Sanyal, A. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.665987 · Cited by 28
Chakaroun, R., Massier, L., Heintz‐Buschart, A., Said, N., Fallmann, J., Crane, A., Schütz, T., Dietrich, A., Blüher, M., Stümvoll, M., et al. (2021) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-021-00919-6 · Cited by 28
Self-citationJacobs, J. P., Goudarzi, M., Lagishetty, V., Li, D., Mak, T. D., Tong, M., Ruegger, P. M., Haritunians, T., Landers, C. J., Fleshner, P. R., et al. (2022) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-022-01099-7 · Cited by 29
“The potential importance of the mucosal microbiota in obesity is supported by reports that obese individuals have increased intestinal permeability and translocation of gut microbes into the mesenteric adipose tissue [91, 92].”
BackgroundHallmarks of Severe COVID-19 Pathogenesis: A Pas de Deux Between Viral and Host Factors
Rovito, R., Augello, M., Ben-Haim, A., Bono, V., Monforte, A. D., & Marchetti, G. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.912336 · Cited by 27
The Gut-Peritoneum Axis in Peritoneal Dialysis and Peritoneal Fibrosis
Stepanova, N. (2023) · Kidney Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100645 · Cited by 26
Gut mucosal and adipose tissues as health targets of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotics
Ashaolu, T. J., & Fernández‐Tomé, S. (2021) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.040 · Cited by 25
Role of the Gut Microbiome in Beta Cell and Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review
Martínez‐Montoro, J. I., Damas-Fuentes, M., Fernández‐García, J. C., & Tinahones, F. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.869951 · Cited by 28
“Once more, mesenteric adipose tissue presented the highest bacterial quantity, whichwas associatedwith adipose tissue inflammation, and adipose tissuemicrobiota composition was different between subjects with andwithout diabetes (116).”
BackgroundRigorous Plasma Microbiome Analysis Method Enables Disease Association Discovery in Clinic
Luo, Z., Alekseyenko, A. V., Ogunrinde, E., Li, M., Li, Q., Huang, L., Tsao, B. P., Kamen, D. L., Oates, J. C., Li, Z., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.613268 · Cited by 25
Gong, J., Yu, J., Yin, S., Ke, J., Wu, J., Liu, C., Luo, Z., Cheng, W. M., Xie, Y., Chen, Y., et al. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202205272 · Cited by 24
Weight cycling based on altered immune microenvironment as a result of metaflammation
Li, W., & Chen, W. (2023) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-023-00731-6 · Cited by 26
Gut-bacteria derived membrane vesicles and host metabolic health: a narrative review
Verbunt, J., Jocken, J. W. E., Blaak, E. E., Savelkoul, P. H. M., & Stassen, F. R. M. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2359515 · Cited by 23
Altamura, S., Lombardi, F., Palumbo, P., Cinque, B., Ferri, C., Pinto, R. D., & Pietropaoli, D. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252413633 · Cited by 23
Creeping fat exhibits distinct Inflammation-specific adipogenic preadipocytes in Crohn’s disease
Hwang, N., Kang, D., Shin, S., Yoon, B. K., Chun, J., Kim, J. W., & Fang, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198905 · Cited by 21
Comprehensive insights: unraveling the mechanisms of gut commensals in glucose metabolism regulation
Li, Z., Nie, Q., & Nie, S. (2023) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-023-2455-y · Cited by 22
“Furthermore, the translocation of gut bacteria into human adipose tissue has also been observed, with the total bacterial load significantly correlating with cytokine levels and metabolic phenotypes (Massier et al., 2020).”
Bacteria-driven bio-therapy: From fundamental studies to clinical trials
Yu, Y., Lin, S., Chen, Z., Qin, B. Y., He, Z., Cheng, M., Sun, M., & Sun, J. Y. (2022) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101731 · Cited by 23
Portela, N. D., Galván, C. A., Sanmarco, L. M., Bergero, G., Aoki, M. P., Cano, R. C., & Pesoa, S. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15061404 · Cited by 27
“Different reports have shown that the level of circulating LPS is the key factor linking the GM with the inflammation of AT, resulting in an increase in the number of cells positive for the inflammation marker F4/80 in AT [10,15,16].”
BackgroundJensen, B. A. H., & Marette, A. (2020) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321288 · Cited by 20
Kidney microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension
Liu, X., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Fan, L., Xia, Y., Wu, Y., Chen, J., Zhao, X., Gao, Q., Xu, B., et al. (2022) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2022.2143220 · Cited by 20
“In addition to the microorganisms that normally inhabit barrier tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract, bacterial signals have been observed in host organs and tissues that were previously considered sterile, such as the placenta,(12) brain,(13) and adipose tissues associated with proinflammatory cytokines.(14) B…”
BackgroundInflammatory crosstalk between saturated fatty acids and gut microbiota–white adipose tissue axis
Jamar, G., & Pisani, L. P. (2022) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-022-03062-z · Cited by 22
Bai, Y.-F., Yue, Z.-L., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Li, C., Liu, X., Shi, R.-H., Huo, N.-N., Li, D.-D., Gao, S., et al. (2022) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d2fo03031d · Cited by 20
The gut microbiota in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm
Xiao, J., Wei, Z., Yang, C., Dai, S., Wang, X., & Shang, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1051648 · Cited by 20
“Multiple compelling pieces of evidence have demonstrated that the composition and function of the gut microbiota can alter host homeostasis and result in obesity, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases (1, 2).”
BackgroundGut Microbiota and Adipose Tissue Microenvironment Interactions in Obesity
Wang, C., Yi, Z., Ye, J., Shen, Z., Yang, F., & Zhu, S. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13070821 · Cited by 23
Thrum, S., Sommer, M., Raulien, N., Gericke, M. T., Massier, L., Kovacs, P. L., Krasselt, M., Landgraf, K., Körner, A., Dietrich, A., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-022-01135-x · Cited by 19
“In view of the recently revealed presence of bacteria and bacterial DNA in AT in obesity [51, 52], it therefore appears feasible that the required ‘first signal’ for NLRP3 inflammasome activation is provided to ATM in obesity.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSchwenger, K. J. P., Copeland, J. K., Ghorbani, Y., Chen, L., Comelli, E. M., Guttman, D. S., Fischer, S. E., Jackson, T. D., Okrainec, A., & Allard, J. P. (2025) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-024-02004-7 · Cited by 19
“These studies did not assess MASLD [9, 17].”
Jia, D., Yaping, H., Wang, Y., Xue, M., Zhu, L., Xia, F., Li, Y., Gao, Y. M., Li, L., Chen, S., et al. (2022) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612828666220428093207 · Cited by 19
Wang, W., Lü, F., Ge, F., Li, Z., Jingtian, Z., Yin, K., Xia, J., & Xue, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1029409 · Cited by 18
“At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes in the intestines of rats in the model group was increased, which is the same as the distribution trend of intestinal bacterial species in patients with T2DM reported in the literature (Massier et al., 2020).”
ResultYao, S., Yang, X., Wu, W., Jiang, Q., Deng, S., Zheng, B., Chen, L., Chen, Y., & Xiang, X. (2022) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102340 · Cited by 17
Gao, X., Sun, C., Zhang, Y., Hu, S., & Li, D. (2022) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d2fo02570a · Cited by 17
Adipose tissue–gut microbiome crosstalk in inflammation and thermogenesis
Mauney, E. E., Wibowo, M. C., Tseng, Y., & Kostic, A. D. (2024) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2024.10.004 · Cited by 18
Zuo, G., Li, M.-H., Guo, X., Wang, L., Yao, Y., Huang, J., Liu, Z., & Lin, Y. (2025) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116207 · Cited by 18
Song, W., Sheng, Q., Bai, Y., Li, L., Ning, X., Liu, Y., Song, C., Wang, T., Dong, X., Luo, Y., et al. (2023) · npj Science of Food · doi:10.1038/s41538-023-00190-6 · Cited by 17
Fang, W., Wang, K., Wen, S., Zhou, F., Ouyang, J., Zhang, S., Zeng, H., Hara, Y., Huang, J., & Liu, Z. (2025) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2025.157314 · Cited by 15
Cai, G., Zhang, X., Jiao, J., Du, W., & Yan, M. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47090750 · Cited by 17
“In the context of obesity and T2DM, LPS exposure in adipocytes may contribute to cell death and the formation of crown-like structures in inflamed adipose tissue [49].”
Batitucci, G., de Almeida, O. G. G., Martinis, E. C. P. D., Solar, I., Cintra, D. E., & de Freitas, E. C. (2024) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00310.2023 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Massier, L., Chakaroun, R., Tabei, S., Crane, A., Didt, K. D., Fallmann, J., von Bergen, M., Haange, S.-B., Heyne, H., Stumvoll, M., Gericke, M., Dietrich, A., Blüher, M., Musat, N., & Kovacs, P.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Leipzig (DE)
- IFB Adiposity Diseases (DE)
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (DE)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Corresponding author
- Kovacs, Peter
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2020-04-21
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1796-1806
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- OpenAlex
- W3017206405
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 15
- FWCI
- 22.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- EFRE – Europe funds Saxony (ProVIS)
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany (FKZ: 01EO1501; AD2-060E, AD2-06E95, AD2-K7-117)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Projektnummer 209933838 – SFB 1052; B01, B03)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- bacterial translocation, obesity, type 2 diabetes, adipose tissue inflammation, intestinal permeability, bacterial DNA contamination, omental adipose tissue, mesenteric adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, immune cell infiltration, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, TNF-α, interleukin-6, adipocyte inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Firmicutes, Bacillota, Adipose Tissue, Cells, Cultured, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, DNA, Bacterial, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Bacterial Translocation, Proteobacteria
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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