Nutraceutical Activation of Sirt1: A Review
Open accessAbstract
The deacetylase sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), activated by calorie restriction and fasting, exerts several complementary effects on cellular function that are favourable to healthspan; it is often thought of as an 'anti-aging' enzyme. Practical measures which might boost Sirt1 activity are therefore of considerable interest. A number of nutraceuticals have potential in this regard. Nutraceuticals reported to enhance Sirt1 synthesis or protein expression include ferulic acid, tetrahydrocurcumin, urolithin A, melatonin, astaxanthin, carnosic acid and neochlorogenic acid. The half-life of Sirt1 protein can be enhanced with the natural nicotinamide catabolite N1-methylnicotinamide. The availability of Sirt1's obligate substrate NAD+ can be increased in several ways: nicotinamide riboside and nicotinamide mononucleotide can function as substrates for NAD+ synthesis; activators of AMP-activated kinase-such as berberine-can increase expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, which is rate limiting for NAD+ synthesis; and nutraceutical quinones such as thymoquinone and pyrroloquinoline quinone can boost NAD+ by promoting oxidation of NADH. Induced ketosis-as via ingestion of medium-chain triglycerides-can increase NAD+ in the brain by lessening the reduction of NAD+ mediated by glycolysis. Post-translational modifications of Sirt1 by O-GlcNAcylation or sulfonation can increase its activity, suggesting that administration of glucosamine or of agents promoting hydrogen sulfide synthesis may aid Sirt1 activity. Although resveratrol has poor pharmacokinetics, it can bind to Sirt1 and activate it allosterically-as can so-called sirtuin-activating compound drugs. Since oxidative stress can reduce Sirt1 activity in multiple ways, effective antioxidant supplementation that blunts such stress may also help preserve Sirt1 activity in some circumstances. Combination nutraceutical regimens providing physiologically meaningful doses of several of these agents, capable of activating Sirt1 in complementary ways, may have considerable potential for health promotion. Such measures may also amplify the benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in non-diabetic disorders, as these benefits appear to reflect upregulation of Sirt1 and AMP-activated protein kinase activities.
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Resveratrol indirectly stimulates SIRT1 and thereby increases mitochondrial oxidative capacity.
“Resveratrol indirectly stimulates SIRT1 and thereby increases mitochondrial oxidative capacity”
From Exercise-Induced Muscle–Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging (2025) · cites this paper as [115]
The Abstract and the section on allosteric activation say resveratrol binds to and activates Sirt1 allosterically, contrary to the claim that it stimulates SIRT1 indirectly. The health-promotion section links Sirt1 to mitochondrial biogenesis, but does not establish the claimed increase in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSIRT1 activators including resveratrol, along with NAD+ precursors NR and NMN, increase mitochondrial health, energy homeostasis, and stress resistance.
“SIRT1 activators, including resveratrol, along with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursors like nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), further increase mitochondrial health, energy homeostasis, and stress resistance”
From Exercise-Induced Muscle–Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging (2025) · cites this paper as [115]
The ‘Nutraceutical enhancement of Sirt1’s substrate NAD+’ section identifies NR and NMN as NAD+ precursors that can boost Sirt1 activity, while the allosteric-activation section identifies resveratrol as a Sirt1 activator. ‘Health promotion via sirtuin 1 activation’ links Sirt1 activity to mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzyme expression. The review does not establish that these agents increase all three claimed outcomes—mitochondrial health, energy homeostasis, and stress resistance—and it cautions that clinical results for resveratrol are inconsistent. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNR and NMN supplementation elevates NAD+ and improves muscle mitochondrial density and insulin sensitivity in older adults.
“while NR and NMN supplementation elevates NAD+ and improves muscle mitochondrial density and insulin sensitivity in older adults”
From Exercise-Induced Muscle–Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging (2025) · cites this paper as [115]
In “Nutraceutical enhancement of Sirt1’s substrate NAD+” (page unavailable), the review says NR and NMN can enhance NAD+ synthesis. Its References section (page unavailable) lists a study reporting elevated NAD+ with NR in middle-aged and older adults, but the review does not report improved muscle mitochondrial density or insulin sensitivity from NR or NMN supplementation in older adults. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Tero-Vescan, A., Degens, H., Matsakas, A., Ștefănescu, R., Ősz, B. E., & Slevin, M. (2025) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph18081222 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“SIRT1 activators, including resveratrol, along with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) precursors like nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), further increase mitochondrial health, energy homeostasis, and stress resistance [115].”
- Authors
- DiNicolantonio, J. J., McCarty, M. F., & O'Keefe, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Catalytic Longevity (US)
- Corresponding author
- DiNicolantonio, James J
- Venue
- Open Heart
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2022-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e002171
- ISSN
- 2053-3624 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9756291
- OpenAlex
- W4311731774
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 10
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Open Heart (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- SIRT1, sirtuins, nutraceuticals, caloric restriction, fasting, healthspan, anti-aging, NAD+, nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide mononucleotide, visfatin, AMPK, berberine, thymoquinone, pyrroloquinoline quinone, medium-chain triglycerides, ketosis, O-GlcNAcylation, sulfonation, glucosamine, hydrogen sulfide, resveratrol, oxidative stress, antioxidants, SGLT2 inhibitors, ferulic acid, tetrahydrocurcumin, urolithin A, melatonin, astaxanthin, carnosic acid, neochlorogenic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide
- MeSH terms
- Resveratrol, Humans, NAD, Dietary Supplements, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Sirtuin 1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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