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Cited by 79Effects of Environmental Stressors on LivestockAnimal Behavior and Welfare StudiesAnimal health and immunology

Effect on young calves of a one-hour feeding stop during a 19-hour road journey.

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Knowles, T. G., Brown, S. N., Edwards, J. E., Phillips, A. J., Warriss, P. D.·1999·Veterinary Record
DOI 10.1136/vr.144.25.687
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Abstract

This study examined the effects of transporting calves less than four weeks of age on a journey at the limit of the maximum time laid down by recent EU legislation. In both summer and winter, 45 calves were transported by road for 19 hours. The journey included a one-hour break on the lorry in which the calves were given either a glucose/electrolyte solution, water, or nothing at all. Control groups of 15 calves remained on farm and were fed normally. The effects of the journey were greater during winter when liveweight loss was greater and more prolonged, and the calves suffered a depression in body temperature. Mid-journey feeding was of minimal benefit. Feeding electrolytes reduced the extent of dehydration as measured by changes in plasma total protein and albumin concentrations, but there was some indication that giving water alone was detrimental. Most of the variables which changed during the journey had recovered in line with the values in the control animals within 24 hours of the end of the journey, but the calves' liveweight and plasma creatine kinase activity took up to seven days to stabilise. The study highlighted the problem that young calves have in maintaining body temperature during transport, especially during colder weather.

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  • These responses are often greater in calves transported for more than 8 h compared with calves subjected to short-term transport.

    “These responses are often greater in calves transported for more than 8 h (Knowles et al., 1997”

    From Effects of pretransport diet, transport duration, and type of vehicle on physiological status of young veal calves. (2020) · cites this paper as Knowles et al., 1999

    The Discussion (page not provided) reports physiological changes after 19 hours of transport, supporting the claim that calves show responses during a journey longer than eight hours. The study compares transported calves with untransported controls, not calves on short journeys, so it does not establish that those responses are greater than after short-term transport. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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  • The authors reported that glucose and NEFA concentrations of calves returned to pretransport values within 4 h of the end of transport.

    “The authors reported that glucose and NEFA concentrations of calves returned to pretransport values within 4 h of the end of transport.”

    From Effects of pretransport diet, transport duration, and type of vehicle on physiological status of young veal calves. (2020) · cites this paper as Knowles et al., 1999

    The results section reports that NEFA reached values similar to the untransported controls within four hours in summer, but fell below control values within four hours in winter; it does not describe both as returning to pretransport values. The same section describes a feeding-related glucose peak at four hours, not a return to pretransport glucose levels. The Discussion says the measured variables had mostly recovered to control values within 24 hours. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • BHB concentrations increase as a result of extended fasting and the mobilization of adipose reserves.

    “Specifically, concentrations of NEFA and BHB increase, and glucose decrease as a result of extended fasting and consequently, the mobilization of adipose reserves (Mormede et al., 1982; Knowles et al., 1999; Bernardini et al., 2012).”

    From A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of providing a rest period during long-distance transportation of surplus dairy calves: Part II. Effect on hematological variables (2024) · cites this paper as Knowles et al., 1999

    The results report increased BHB during the journey in summer, and the discussion says that higher BHB three weeks later was most probably related in part to mobilising body reserves under a restricted milk-replacer diet. It does not establish that extended fasting caused the BHB increase or identify the reserves specifically as adipose; it also cites growing reliance on ruminant metabolism. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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  • NEFA concentrations increase as a result of extended fasting and the mobilization of adipose reserves.

    “Specifically, concentrations of NEFA and BHB increase, and glucose decrease as a result of extended fasting and consequently, the mobilization of adipose reserves (Mormede et al., 1982; Knowles et al., 1999; Bernardini et al., 2012).”

    From A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of providing a rest period during long-distance transportation of surplus dairy calves: Part II. Effect on hematological variables (2024) · cites this paper as Knowles et al., 1999

    The Results report that NEFA increased substantially during the 19-hour journey, and the Methods describe a transported group offered no food at the mid-journey stop. The Discussion attributes increased NEFA to transport, not specifically to fasting or mobilization of adipose reserves; its separate explanation of reserve mobilization concerns later changes in other measurements. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Prior work shows that BHB, NEFA, and glucose concentrations returned to pretransport values shortly following the end of transport, demonstrating that calves quickly recover from energy depletion when given access to milk replacer after transportation, regardless of whether they received a rest period.

    “This is supported by prior work wherein BHB, NEFA, and glucose concentrations returned to pretransport values shortly following the end of transport, demonstrating that calves quickly recover from energy depletion when given access to milk replacer after transportation, regardless of whether they received a rest period (Knowles et al., 1999; Marcato et al., 2020).”

    From A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of providing a rest period during long-distance transportation of surplus dairy calves: Part II. Effect on hematological variables (2024) · cites this paper as Knowles et al., 1999

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Authors
Knowles, T. G., Brown, S. N., Edwards, J. E., Phillips, A. J., & Warriss, P. D.
Affiliations
University of Bristol (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Veterinary Record
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1999-06
Volume
144
Issue
25
Pages
687-692
ISSN
  • 0042-4900 (ISSN-L)
  • 2042-7670
DOI
10.1136/vr.144.25.687
OpenAlex
W2062875079
Cited by
79
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
FWCI
1.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 18 d)
Locations
  • Veterinary Record (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
  • Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal health and immunology
Keywords
road transport, young calves, electrolyte solutions, dehydration, body temperature, live weight loss, plasma creatine kinase, seasonal effects
MeSH terms
Animals, Animal Feed, Animal Husbandry, Body Temperature, Cattle, Eating, Electrolytes, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Glucose, Humidity, Male, Temperature, Transportation, Weight Loss

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