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Cited by 7Physical Activity and HealthSports Performance and TrainingCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Resistance training, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and glucose homeostasis: how related are they? A Systematic review and Meta-analysis

Paquin, J., Tremblay, R., Islam, H., Riesco, E., Marcotte-Chénard, A., Dionne, I.J.·2024·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
DOI 10.1139/apnm-2024-0128
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Abstract

Resistance training (RT) promotes skeletal muscle (Skm) hypertrophy, increases muscular strength, and improves metabolic health. Whether changes in fat-free mass (FFM; a surrogate marker of muscle hypertrophy) moderate RT-induced improvements in glucose homeostasis has not been determined, despite extensive research on the benefits of RT for health and performance. The aim of this meta-analysis is to examine whether RT-induced Skm hypertrophy drives improvements in glucose metabolism and to explore confounders, such as biological sex and training parameters. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using variance random effects. Meta-regressions were performed for confounding factors depending on the heterogeneity ( I 2). Analyses from 33 intervention studies revealed significant within-study increases in FFM with a moderate effect size (within-studies: (effect size; ES = 0.24 [0.10; 0.39]; p = 0.002; I 2 = 56%) and a tendency for significance when compared with control groups (ES = 0.42 [−0.04–0.88]; p = 0.07). Within-study significant increases in glucose tolerance (2 h glucose: ES = −0.3 [−0.50; −0.11]; p < 0.01; I 2 = 43%; glucose area under the curve (AUC): −0.40 [−0.66; −0.13] I 2 = 76.1%; p < 0.01) and insulin sensitivity (ES = 0.38 [0.13; 0.62]; I 2 = 53.0%; p < 0.01) were also apparent with RT. When compared to control groups, there was no significant difference in 2 h glucose, nor in glucose AUC from baseline in RT intervention groups. Meta-regression analyses failed to consistently reveal increases in FFM as a moderator of glucose homeostasis. Other mixed-effect models were also unsuccessful to unveil biological sex or training parameters as moderators of FFM increases and glucose homeostasis changes. Although Skm hypertrophy and improvements in glycemic control occur concurrently during RT, changes in these variables were not always related. Well-controlled trials including detailed description of training parameters are needed to inform RT guidelines for improving metabolic health. Registration and protocol number (Prospero): CRD42023397362.

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Crossref · 10.1139/apnm-2024-0128

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Authors
Paquin, J., Tremblay, R., Islam, H., Riesco, E., Marcotte-Chénard, A., & Dionne, I. J.
Affiliations
  • Université de Sherbrooke (CA)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS
ORCID
Venue
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Publisher
Canadian Science Publishing
Published
2024-12-01
Volume
49
Issue
12
Pages
1622-1635
ISSN
  • 1715-5312 (ISSN-L)
  • 1715-5320
DOI
10.1139/apnm-2024-0128
OpenAlex
W4403965583
Cited by
7
References
91
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 5
FWCI
0.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.nrcresearchpress.com/page/about/CorporateTextAndDataMining (tdm)
Locations
  • Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
resistance training, skeletal muscle hypertrophy, glucose homeostasis, fat-free mass, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, metabolic health, sex differences, training parameters, muscle strength
MeSH terms
Blood Glucose, Glucose, Homeostasis, Humans, Hypertrophy, Insulin Resistance, Muscle, Skeletal, Resistance Training

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