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Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces
Open accessAbstract
Awareness of individualand group activities is critical to successful collaboration and is commonly supported in CSCW systems by active, information generation mechanisms separate from the shared workspace.These mechanisms pena~ise information providers, presuppose relevance to the recipient, and make access difficult, We discuss a study of shared editor use which suggests that awareness information provided and exploited passively through the shared workspace, allows users to move smoothly between close and loose collaboration, and to assign and coordinate work dynamically.Passive awareness mechanisms promise effective support for collaboration requiring this sort of behaviour, whilst avoiding problems with active approaches.
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“Moreover, awareness is a mandatory requirement for coordinating group activities, independent of the domain [62].”
From Challenges and barriers in virtual teams: a literature review (2020) · cites this paper as [62]
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“This labour is a specific type of awareness and coordination work, as defined in the computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) field [25, 34], that is required to maintain a shared understanding in the face of representational breakdowns.”
From Accessibility-Driven Information Transformations in Mixed-Visual Ability Work Teams (2026) · cites this paper as [25]
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“Like previous studies of collaboration [10], we found that individuals reported using the eavesdropping to get the content and character of the companion’s activity.”
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“In this way, our study supports earlier research that has shown how presence and awareness can be forged through computer-mediated communication within distributed groups [5, 9].”
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“Awareness has been defined as an “understanding of the activities of others, which provides a context for your own activity” [2]).”
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“The CSCW community has described this notion through the concepts of ‘focus’ and ‘nimbus’ [66].”
BackgroundMeme tags and community mirrors
Borovoy, R., Martin, F., Vemuri, S., Resnick, M., Silverman, B., & Hancock, C. P. (1998) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/289444.289490 · Cited by 181
“Dourish and Bellotti’s definition of awareness [ 6 ] is “the understanding of the activity of the others, which provides a context of your own activity.” Community Mirrors do this by letting participants view their own social activity in the context of community dynamics”
BackgroundPolicies and roles in collaborative applications
Edwards, W. K. (1996) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/240080.240175 · Cited by 181
Xiao, Y. (2004) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2004.11.004 · Cited by 173
“The importance of being aware of activities of others in a collaborative environment is easily understood, yet how such awareness is achieved is not [9,40].”
BackgroundWhat mix of video and audio is useful for small groups doing remote real-time design work?
Olson, J. S., Olson, G. M., & Meader, D. K. (1995) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/223904.223951 · Cited by 174
“ShrEdit does not support layout and font features that make the document appear in final format; this was originally an expedient for development, but in the end proved an asset [4] in that such formatting operations are not the kinds of things a group should spend its group time doing.”
BackgroundDesigning for collaborative creative problem solving
Hilliges, O., Terrenghi, L., Boring, S., Kim, D., Richter, H., & Butz, A. M. (2007) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/1254960.1254980 · Cited by 171
Toward a framework for evaluating ubiquitous computing applications
Scholtz, J. C., & Consolvo, S. (2004) · IEEE Pervasive Computing · doi:10.1109/mprv.2004.1316826 · Cited by 171
On the use of visualization to support awareness of human activities in software development
Storey, M.-A. D., Čubranić, D., & Germán, D. M. (2005) · ACM Symposium on Software Visualization (SoftVis) · doi:10.1145/1056018.1056045 · Cited by 169
Empirical Study on Collaborative Writing: What Do Co-authors Do, Use, and Like?
Noël, S., & Robert, J. (2004) · Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1023/b:cosu.0000014876.96003.be · Cited by 169
Coordination, overload and team performance
Fussell, S. R., Kraut, R. E., Lerch, F. J., Scherlis, W. L., McNally, M. M., & Cadiz, J. J. (1998) · ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) · doi:10.1145/289444.289502 · Cited by 172
Awareness of group performance in a CSCL-environment: Effects of peer feedback and reflection
Phielix, C., Prins, F. J., & Kirschner, P. A. (2009) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.10.011 · Cited by 167
Group Awareness Tools: It’s What You Do with It That Matters
Janssen, J., Erkens, G., & Kirschner, P. A. (2011) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.06.002 · Cited by 167
“The issue of awareness has received considerable attention in the area of computer- supported cooperative work (Dourish & Bellotti, 1992).”
BackgroundThe SPACE of Developer Productivity: There's more to it than you think.
Forsgren, N., Storey, M.-A., Maddila, C., Zimmermann, T., Houck, B., & Butler, J. (2021) · Queue · doi:10.1145/3454122.3454124 · Cited by 164
Olson, J. S., Olson, G. M., Storrøsten, M., & Carter, M. (1993) · ACM Transactions on Information Systems · doi:10.1145/159764.159763 · Cited by 164
Valentine, M., Retelny, D., To, A., Rahmati, N., Doshi, T. S., & Bernstein, M. S. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025811 · Cited by 168
“We designed our system using best practices for virtual coordination, such as loosely coupled work structures [35, 64], situational awareness [20, 27], current state visualization [10, 57], and rich communication tools [64].”
MethodDesign Considerations for Collaborative Visual Analytics
Heer, J., & Agrawala, M. (2008) · Information Visualization · doi:10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500167 · Cited by 158
“been done and where to allocate effort next [10,19].”
Heuristic Evaluation of Groupware Based on the Mechanics of Collaboration
Baker, K., Greenberg, S., & Gutwin, C. A. (2001) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45348-2_14 · Cited by 155
“The traditional WYSIWIS approach ensures that people stay aware of one another’s activities, but is often too restrictive when people regularly move back and forth between individual and shared work [6,9].”
BackgroundUnifying artifacts and activities in a visual tool for distributed software development teams
Froehlich, J. E., & Dourish, P. (2004) · doi:10.5555/998675.999443 · Cited by 154
Self-citationSupporting Cooperative Awareness with Local Event Mechanisms: The GroupDesk System
Fuchs, L., Pankoke-Babatz, U., & Prinz, W. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-0349-7_16 · Cited by 154
“…problem of supporting shared awareness among the users of systems for the support of cooperative work has gained much attention amongst researchers and is discussed quite controversially (Dounsh and Bellotti 1992; Fuchs, Pankoke-Babatz et al. 1994; Pankoke-Babatz 1994; Sohlenkamp and Chwelos 1994).”
BackgroundAssessment of (Computer-Supported) Collaborative Learning
Strijbos, J.-W. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2010.37 · Cited by 157
“Various types of group awareness information and visualizations are distinguished: social awareness (“who is around?” [77]), activity awareness (“who has done what?” [155], [156]), group performance and member contribution awareness (“where do we stand as a group?” and “how have individual members contributed to the g…”
BackgroundPrivacy protecting data collection in media spaces
Wickramasuriya, J., Datt, M., Mehrotra, S., & Venkatasubramanian, N. (2004) · ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM) · doi:10.1145/1027527.1027537 · Cited by 153
“The area of work dealing with privacy preservation in media spaces is relatively new, and a lot of the related work is in the domain of computer-supported corporative work (CSCW) [5, 19].”
BackgroundBoyle, M., & Greenberg, S. (2005) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/1067860.1067868 · Cited by 153
Social and temporal structures in everyday collaboration
Fisher, D., & Dourish, P. (2004) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/985692.985762 · Cited by 154
“Others h noted similar processes at work in electronically mediat collaboration [5, 17].”
Self-citationEnabling Collaboration in Learning Computer Programing Inclusive of Children with Vision Impairments
Thieme, A., Morrison, C. P., Villar, N., Grayson, M., & Lindley, S. E. (2017) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3064663.3064689 · Cited by 153
“This highlights the widely recognized importance of awareness for grounding and collaboration [i.e. 24, 40, 72], which Dourish and Bellotti [13] define as an “understanding of the activities of others, which provides a context for your own activity” (p.1).”
BackgroundConnectedness, awareness and social presence
Rettie, R. (2003) · Research Repository (Kingston University London) · Cited by 151
Performing perception—staging aesthetics of interaction
Dalsgaard, P., & Hansen, L. K. (2008) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/1453152.1453156 · Cited by 150
“[Bellotti and Dourish 1992, p. 107].”
BackgroundInfluentialUse and Adaptation of Written Language to the Conditions of Computer-Mediated Communication
af Segerstad, Y. H. (2002) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 151
Collaboration in collaborative learning
Baker, M. J. (2015) · Interaction Studies Social Behaviour and Communication in Biological and Artificial Systems · doi:10.1075/is.16.3.05bak · Cited by 153
Metadata
- Authors
- Dourish, P., & Bellotti, V.
- Affiliations
- Xerox (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work - CSCW '92
- Publisher
- ACM Press
- Published
- 1992
- Pages
- 107-114
- OpenAlex
- W2032843080
- Cited by
- 2,550
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 111 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 68 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 95 · 2014: 84 · 2013: 107 · 2012: 125
- FWCI
- 6.61
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (8902930)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Software Engineering Techniques and Practices
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Keywords
- coworking spaces, awareness, groupware, information generation
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