Towards Accessible Remote Work: Understanding Work-from-Home Practices of Neurodivergent Professionals
Abstract
Working from home has become a mainstream work practice in many organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. While remote work has received much scholarly and public attention over the years, we still know little about how people with disabilities engage in remote work from their homes and what access means in this context. To understand and rethink accessibility in remote work, the present paper studies work-from-home practices of neurodivergent professionals who have Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia) and psychosocial disabilities (e.g., anxiety, depression). We report on interviews with 36 US-based neurodivergent professionals who have been working from home during the pandemic. Our findings reveal that while working from home, neurodivergent professionals create accessible physical and digital workspaces, negotiate accessible communication practices, and reconcile tensions between productivity and wellbeing. Our analysis reconsiders what access means in remote work for neurodivergent professionals and offers practical insights for inclusive work practices and accessibility improvements in remote collaboration tools.
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According to DPOP, Denmark still has no national comprehensive plan to make its CRPD commitments concrete.
“But according to a recent report from the Disabled People's Organizations Denmark (DPOP), there is still no national comprehensive plan to make these commitments more concrete [23].”
From Neurodiversity and the Accessible University: Exploring Organizational Barriers, Access Labor and Opportunities for Change (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
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Understanding Peer-to-Peer Instructional Support in an Online Community for Blind Audio Producers
Saha, A., Gergle, D., & Piper, A. M. (2023) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3597638.3608399 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationLi, J., Wu, S., & Leshed, G. (2024) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3643834.3661533 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Lake, B., & Maidment, D. W. (2023) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-220622 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Room for diversity: a review of research and industry approaches to inclusive workplaces
Tagliaro, C., Migliore, A., Mosca, E. I., & Capolongo, S. (2023) · Journal of Corporate Real Estate · doi:10.1108/jcre-04-2023-0017 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gerling, K., Depoortere, A., Wauters, J., Spiel, K., Alexandrovsky, D., Danckaerts, M., Baeyens, D., & der Oord, S. V. (2024) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3685276 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Understanding the experience of neurodivergent workers in image and text data annotation
Garrison, E., Singh, D., Hantula, D. A., Tincani, M., Nosek, J. T., Hong, S.-S., Dragut, E. C., & Vučetić, S. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2023.100318 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
On meetings involving remote software teams: A systematic literature review
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Collins, J., Ko, W., Shende, T., Lin, S. Y., Jiang, L., Won, A. S., & Azenkot, S. (2024) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663548.3687134 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cha, Y., Figueira, I., Ayala, J., Edwards, E. J., Garcia, J., van der Hoek, A., & Branham, S. M. (2024) · Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642130 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Corbett, C. J., Narayanan, S., Aloysius, J. A., Berenguer, G., Bish, E. K., Bjarnadóttir, M. V., Gao, G. G., Glover, W. J., Johnson, M. P., Kalkancı, B., et al. (2025) · Production and Operations Management · doi:10.1177/10591478251318107 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mapping the lacunae between neurodivergent individuals and work organizations
Nair, V. S., Kumar, S., & Bhargava, S. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105133 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Disability coaching in a pandemic
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Toward Language Justice: Exploring Multilingual Captioning for Accessibility
Desai, A., Alharbi, R., Hsueh, S., Ladner, R. E., & Mankoff, J. C. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713622 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kritika, K., Williams, R. M., & Ringland, K. E. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714094 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationUzaktan Çalışmanın Sosyal ve Demografik Değişkenlerle İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Başol, O., & Çömlekçi, M. F. (2021) · Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.17153/oguiibf.941442 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Houtti, M., Zhou, M., Terveen, L., & Chancellor, S. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3579597 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
McGowan, J. J., & Mcgregor, I. P. (2023) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3597638.3608392 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Inclusion of individuals with autism spectrum disorder in Software Engineering
Márquez, G., Pacheco, M., Hernán Astudillo, R., Taramasco, C., & Calvo, E. (2024) · Information and Software Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2024.107434 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Joseph, E. (2024) · Mediterranean Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences · doi:10.46382/mjbas.2024.8107 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Das, M., Stangl, A., & Findlater, L. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3641018 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationModeling Accessibility: Characterizing What We Mean by “Accessible”
Mack, K., Martinez, J. J., Lewis, A., Mankoff, J. C., Fogarty, J. A., Findlater, L., Evans, H., Bennett, C. L., & McDonnell, E. J. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746344 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lowy, R., Lee, C. E., Abowd, G. D., & Kim, J. G. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3610037 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Towards Inclusive Futures for Worker Wellbeing
Pendse, S. R., Massachi, T., Mahdavimoghaddam, J., Butler, J., Suh, J., & Czerwinski, M. P. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3637414 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Cho, J., Choi, D., Yu, J., & Voida, S. (2024) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3613904.3642381 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
A Workshop on Disability Inclusive Remote Co-Design
Bandukda, M., Barbareschi, G., Singh, A., Jain, D., Das, M., Motahar, T., Wiese, J., Cockburn, L., Prakash, A., Frohlich, D. M., et al. (2022) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3517428.3550403 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding Participation among Disabled Creators in Online Marketplaces
Borgos-Rodriguez, K., & Piper, A. M. (2023) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3610105 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationShifting the Focus: Exploring Video Accessibility Strategies and Challenges for People with ADHD
Jiang, L., Ko, W., Yuan, S., Shende, T., & Azenkot, S. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713637 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Yildiz, Z., & Subasi, O. (2023) · Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3580937 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Burnout by Design: How Digital Systems Overburden Neurodivergent Students in Higher Education
Tcherdakoff, N. A., Marshall, P., Dowthwaite, A., Bird, J., & Cox, A. L. (2025) · Proceedings of the 4th Annual Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction for Work · doi:10.1145/3729176.3729193 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Some neurodivergent users also rely on screen readers [27], making universal usability critical [58].”
From Awareness to Action: Teaching Software Accessibility for Neurodiverse Users
Kletenik, D., Minkowitz, R., Peric, A., Sahin, M., & Adler, R. F. (2024) · Proceedings of the 55th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 1 · doi:10.1145/3626252.3630859 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Get Me in the Groove”: a Mixed Methods Study on Supporting Adhd Professional Programmers
Newman, K., Snay, S., Endres, M., Parikh, M., & Begel, A. (2025) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1109/icse55347.2025.00242 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
From Organizations to Individuals: Psychoactive Substance Use By Professional Programmers
Newman, K., Endres, M., Weimer, W. R., & Johnson, B. (2023) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1109/icse48619.2023.00065 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Homeworking experiences of neuro-divergent workers: systematic review
Brooks, S. K., Hall, C. E., Rogers, M. B., & Greenberg, N. (2024) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqae095 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Baillargeon, P., Yoon, J., & Zhang, A. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3711106 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Nowak, A., Romanowski, A., & Fjeld, M. (2022) · International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI) · doi:10.1145/3531073.3534490 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Self-citationAkter, T., Marathe, A. S., Gergle, D., & Piper, A. M. (2025) · Proceedings of the 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746332 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationKoldas, M., Dounavi, K., MacCárthaigh, M., & Dillenburger, K. (2025) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-025-07139-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Self-citationWorkarounds and shadow IT – balancing innovation and risk
White, M. S. (2023) · Business Information Review · doi:10.1177/02663821231188823 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Designing Technology for Neurodivergent Self-determination: Challenges and Opportunities
Gollasch, D., Branig, M., Gerling, K., Gulliksen, J., Metatla, O., Spiel, K., & Weber, G. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42293-5_83 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Enabling Neurodiversity in Organisations: Leveraging the HRM and Digital Technology Nexus
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Ringland, K. E., Carstensdóttir, E., Tung, M., Seetharaman, B., Eagle, T., Baltaxe-Admony, L. B., & Weatherwax, K. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3686974 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, B. B., & Yakubova, G. (2024) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2023.0092 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Two Birds with One Phone: The Role of Mobile Use in the Daily Practices of Remote Information Work
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Nayak, A. K., Prakash, Y., Jayarathna, S., Lee, H.-N., & Ashok, V. G. (2025) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3757485 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Remote work: The impact of communication, technology and work-life balance on employee motivation
Shikusinde, E., & Shimaneni, F. (2025) · SA Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.4102/sajhrm.v23i0.3171 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Exploring Videoconferencing for Older Adults with Cognitive Concerns Using a Dramaturgical Lens
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ADHD and Knowledge Work: Exploring Strategies, Challenges and Opportunities for AI
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Self-citationDiversity and Inclusion in Telework for Persons With Disabilities After COVID-19
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Remote Work and Hybrid Work Models
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- Authors
- Das, M., Tang, J., Ringland, K. E., & Piper, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Microsoft (United States) (US)
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
- Published
- 2021-04-13
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- CSCW1
- Pages
- 1-30
- ISSN
- 2573-0142 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3128311906
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 36.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (IIS-1901456)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Digital Accessibility for Disabilities
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Education and Employment
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Rights and Representation
- Keywords
- remote work, accessibility, neurodivergence, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disabilities, dyslexia, psychosocial disability, working from home, COVID-19 pandemic, communication accessibility, remote collaboration tools, digital workspaces
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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