Navigating Graduate School with a Disability
Open accessAbstract
In graduate school, people with disabilities use disability accommodations to learn, network, and do research. However, these accommodations, often scheduled ahead of time, may not work in many situations due to uncertainty and spontaneity of the graduate experience. Through a three-person autoethnography, we present a longitudinal account of our graduate school experiences as people with disabilities, highlighting nuances and tensions of situations when our requested accommodations did not work and the use of alternative coping strategies. We use retrospective journals and field notes to reveal the impact of our self-image, relationships, technologies, and infrastructure on our disabled experience. Using post-hoc reflection on our experiences, we then close with discussing personal and situated ways in which peers, faculty members, universities, and technology designers could improve the graduate school experiences of people with disabilities.
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Disabled students often take on significant labor to meet their access needs, such as requesting access services, incorporating accommodations into routines, and developing workarounds.
“Disabled students often take on significant labor to meet their access needs [41, 77], such as spending considerable time and effort requesting access services (e.g., interpreters), incorporating accommodations into their routines (e.g., installing and learning new software), and developing workarounds to address pervasive inaccessibility in technological tools [77].”
From Access in the Shadow of Ableism: An Autoethnography of a Blind Student's Higher Education Experience in China (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
Although requesting accommodations required effort similar to that in the U.S., the process at University B was complicated by nuanced interpersonal dynamics in a context lacking both established support policies and disability awareness.
“In these instances, although requesting accommodations required effort similar to that in the U.S. [41, 55, 77, 85], the process was complicated by nuanced interpersonal dynamics in a context lacking both established support policies and disability awareness.”
From Access in the Shadow of Ableism: An Autoethnography of a Blind Student's Higher Education Experience in China (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
Similar experiences occurred repeatedly throughout Zhang's study at University B; negotiating with others to secure access introduced significant labor to study.
“Similar experiences occurred repeatedly throughout Zhang's study at University B. Similar to findings reported in the U.S. [41, 55, 77, 85], negotiating with others to secure access introduced significant labor to study.”
From Access in the Shadow of Ableism: An Autoethnography of a Blind Student's Higher Education Experience in China (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
Many of the issues identified are shared across geographical areas, such as the widespread lack of accessible resources, negotiation between multiple parties, and significant labor placed on disabled students.
“Many of the issues we identified are shared across geographical areas, such as the widespread lack of accessible resources [86, 87], negotiation between multiple parties [52, 55], and significant labor placed on disabled students [41].”
From Access in the Shadow of Ableism: An Autoethnography of a Blind Student's Higher Education Experience in China (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
WEIRD regions tend to have centralized entities providing accessibility support, such as disability offices or centers.
“These regions also tend to have centralized entities providing accessibility support, such as disability offices or centers [41, 52].”
From Access in the Shadow of Ableism: An Autoethnography of a Blind Student's Higher Education Experience in China (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
Prior research on education accessibility often focused on specific stages of schooling such as graduate schools or on identifying accessibility needs and issues.
“Prior research on education accessibility often focused on specific stages of schooling such as graduate schools [41, 76, 77] or on identifying accessibility needs and issues [55].”
From Access in the Shadow of Ableism: An Autoethnography of a Blind Student's Higher Education Experience in China (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
We have only just begun examining the CS classroom experiences of disabled students.
“we have only just begun examining the CS classroom experiences of disabled students [3, 25, 26].”
From Where are the Disabled Students?: A Literature Review of Disability Inclusion in Computing Education Research (2026) · cites this paper as [25]
Empowering technology enables disabled students to customize and re-purpose personal technology to meet their specific needs, facilitating easier disclosure of disabilities where desired, and accommodation requests in diverse contexts.
“Additionally, such technology enables disabled students to customize and re-purpose personal technology to meet their specific needs [41], facilitating easier disclosure of disabilities where desired, and accommodation requests in diverse contexts.”
From Rethinking “Empowering Technology” in Higher Education Accessibility: A Case Study of Disabled Students’ Experiences at a German University (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
Disclosing a disability becomes a dilemma in which disabled people must choose between risking stigma and losing the possibility of gaining support and assistance, including appropriate technologies.
“Therefore, disclosing a disability becomes a dilemma in which disabled people must choose between risking stigma and losing the possibility of gaining support and assistance [9, 20, 41], including appropriate technologies.”
From Rethinking “Empowering Technology” in Higher Education Accessibility: A Case Study of Disabled Students’ Experiences at a German University (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
Effective community participation is crucial for in-situ accommodations.
“Here, effective community participation is crucial for in-situ accommodations [41], and offering a network of interconnected resources could help distribute the effort disabled students put into individualized solutions and compensate for gaps in institutional knowledge [83].”
From Rethinking “Empowering Technology” in Higher Education Accessibility: A Case Study of Disabled Students’ Experiences at a German University (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
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Coping in the time of COVID‐19: Insights from university students with intellectual disabilities
Freeze, T. B., Lutfiyya, Z. M., Freeze, R., Magana, J., Cauthers, N., Mukai, M., Antonio, J., & Batta, A. (2022) · British Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1111/bld.12507 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Semiautomated process for generating knowledge graphs for marginalized community doctoral-recipients
Keshan, N., Fontaine, K. S., & Hendler, J. (2022) · International Journal of Web Information Systems · doi:10.1108/ijwis-02-2022-0046 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Tang, X., & Zhang, W. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3790464 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“It requires ongoing effort from all stakeholders, including PWD, to challenge established environments, norms, and assumptions about the world, including what is worth accessing and how access should be achieved.”
InfluentialZhang, H., Feng, Y., Walker, A., & Rode, J. A. (2025) · Proceedings of the 27th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746363 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Through a collaborative three-person autoethnography, Jain et al. [36] offer a longitudinal reflection on their experiences in graduate school as disabled individuals, emphasizing the complexities and challenges they faced when formal accommodations fell short and the adaptive strategies they…”
Figueira, I., Cisneros, J. M., Weber, J. L., Sanka, W., Phan, K., Wong-Ma, J., & Branham, S. M. (2026) · Proceedings of the 57th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V.1 · doi:10.1145/3770762.3772561 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Navigating STEM Doctoral Programs with ADHD: Barriers, Workflow Challenges, and Adaptive Strategies
Ezeamii, P., & Shinohara, K. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746325 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hayton, P. A., Wilson, A., Morris, B., Dent, J., & Crivellaro, C. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3749834 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Life as an International Computer Science PhD Student with Cerebral Palsy
Mo, T., Curtis, H., & Neate, T. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3749835 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Cavdir, D., Simeone, D., de Bastion, M., Trail, S., & Hergert, N. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746396 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A Continuum of Actions You Can Take Now to ADVANCE Disability Equity: A Report from the Field
Anicha, C. L., Aragon, C., Bilen‐Green, C., Blaser, B., & Burgstahler, S. E. (2024) · ADVANCE Journal · doi:10.5399/osu/advjrnl.4.2.9 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mouallem, A., Kulkarni, T., & Sheppard, S. (2024) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--47746 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Arnold, V. X., Min, A., Bonang, C., Park, S., Hayes, G. R., & Piper, A. M. (2025) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3663547.3746324 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Potnis, D. D., & Mallary, K. (2023) · Information Research · doi:10.47989/ir283198 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Khan, O., & Seo, J. (2026) · Proceedings of the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791242 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Trends in Human-Computer Interaction in Mobility for Users with Special Needs – A Literature Review
Mayas, C., Lengkong, C. R., Krömker, H., & Hirth, M. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92689-1_16 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Intersecting Liminality of Technology Adoption and Disability during Life Transitions
Figueira, I., Sanka, W., Phan, K., Cha, Y., & Branham, S. M. (2026) · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing · doi:10.1145/3797260 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Riggs, A. T., & Howell, N. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791302 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Toxic Speculations: A Crip Posthuman Fabulation of Living in a Permanently Polluted World
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Accommodations for Disabled Students in STEM Fields: Research Considerations and a Literature Review
Maul, S., Davis, K. A., Purzer, Ș., & Wertz, R. (2024) · 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings · doi:10.18260/1-2--46515 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Heyko, D. (2021) · The Atrium (University of Guelph) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Meiners, A.-L., Yildiz, Z., Gerling, K., Alexandrovsky, D., & Biernacka, K. (2026) · ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing · doi:10.1145/3814957
Nicolau, H., Moffatt, K., & Guerreiro, T. (2021) · ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing · doi:10.1145/3477315.3477316
Expanding Conversations about Accessibility to Include Faculty
Anicha, C. L., Aragon, C., Bilen‐Green, C., Blaser, B., & Napoleon, L. (2024) · Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference (CoNECD) · doi:10.18260/1-2--44792
(2024) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478059370-008
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3 The Cost of Access: Why Didn’t You Just Ask?
Price, M. (2024) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478059370-004
(2024) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478059370-002
(2024) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478059370-001
(2024) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478059370-010
(2024) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478059370-006
(2024) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478059370-005
(2024) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478059370-003
(2024) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478059370-011
Crip Ecologies: Designing with Data across Bodies and Worlds
Janicki, S. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715668.3735616
Improving Access and Equity for Graduate Students with Disabilities: A Call to Action
Esch, J., & Blaser, B. (2025) · Research on Equity and Sustained Participation in Engineering, Computing, and Technology (RESPECT) · doi:10.1145/3704637.3734729
Advancing disability equity in academic workplaces: a professional development seminar case study
Anicha, C. L., Bilen‐Green, C., & Napoleon, L. (2025) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-025-00711-3
Crawford, K. A., Posada, J., Okueso, Y. E., Higgins, E., Lachin, L., & Hamidi, F. (2026) · Journal of Enabling Technologies · doi:10.1108/jet-11-2024-0076
Hayton, P. A. (2026) · ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing · doi:10.1145/3803767.3803777
Beyond Font: Dyslexic Writers Navigating the Dense Visual Landscape of LaTeX
Wang, E. Q., Marie, A. S., & Walker, A. M. (2026) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3800645.3813089
Lima, L., Vieira, M. J., Silva, C., & Pires, A. C. (2026) · Creativity and Cognition · doi:10.1145/3803784.3816823
Creating Space to Succeed: How AccessComputing Supports Disabled Students’ Computing Pathways
Yin, A., Moore, E., Crawford, L. M., Blaser, B., Çakmak, M., Ladner, R. E., Short, E. S., Kushalnagar, R., & Branham, S. M. (2026) · ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (ICER) · doi:10.1145/3765964.3811646
Creating a Legally Accessible Programming Course: An Experience Report
Morrow, N. S. J., Louis, J. D., & Gilbert, J. E. (2026) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--59132
Learning Python as a Blind Programmer in an AI-Mediated Environment: An Autoethnographic Study
Zhang, W., & Seo, J. (2026) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3797867.3829037
Bridging Tojisha-Kenkyu and Accessibility Research: The Inheritance of Knowledge
Matsumura, T., & Iijima, R. (2026) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3797867.3832770
Ubur, S. D., Figueira, I., & Branham, S. M. (2026) · International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) · doi:10.1145/3797867.3832758
- Authors
- Jain, D., Potluri, V., & Sharif, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
- Publisher
- ACM
- Published
- 2020-10-26
- Pages
- 1-11
- OpenAlex
- W3097443064
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 8.30
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Education and Employment
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Disability Rights and Representation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions
- Keywords
- disability accommodation, accessibility, coping strategies, self-image, peer relationships, faculty support, assistive technology, university infrastructure, higher education equity
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