The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Coupling Mechanism and Significance of the BOLD Signal: A Status Report
Open accessAbstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a unique view of the working human mind. The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, detected in fMRI, reflects changes in deoxyhemoglobin driven by localized changes in brain blood flow and blood oxygenation, which are coupled to underlying neuronal activity by a process termed neurovascular coupling. Over the past 10 years, a range of cellular mechanisms, including astrocytes, pericytes, and interneurons, have been proposed to play a role in functional neurovascular coupling. However, the field remains conflicted over the relative importance of each process, while key spatiotemporal features of BOLD response remain unexplained. Here, we review current candidate neurovascular coupling mechanisms and propose that previously overlooked involvement of the vascular endothelium may provide a more complete picture of how blood flow is controlled in the brain. We also explore the possibility and consequences of conditions in which neurovascular coupling may be altered, including during postnatal development, pathological states, and aging, noting relevance to both stimulus-evoked and resting-state fMRI studies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal
Logothetis, N. K., Pauls, J., Augath, M., Trinath, T., & Oeltermann, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084005 · Cited by 6,551
Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation.
Ogawa, S., Lee, T. M., Kay, A. R., & Tank, D. W. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9868 · Cited by 6,483
Greicius, M. D., Srivastava, G., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0308627101 · Cited by 3,684
Pellerin, L., & Magistretti, P. J. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.22.10625 · Cited by 2,927 · cited 1×
“One model that fits with this view is the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (Pellerin et al. 2007, Pellerin & Magistretti 1994), which posits that astrocytes undergo anaerobic glycolysis in response to elevated glutamate levels, preserving local oxygen supplies for neuronal use, while supplying…”
BackgroundGlial and neuronal control of brain blood flow
Attwell, D., Buchan, A. M., Charpak, S., Lauritzen, M., MacVicar, B. A., & Newman, E. A. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09613 · Cited by 2,511
Fox, P. T., & Raichle, M. E. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.4.1140 · Cited by 2,056
Endothelial/Pericyte Interactions
Armulik, A., Abramsson, A., & Betsholtz, C. (2005) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000182903.16652.d7 · Cited by 2,048
Nonoxidative Glucose Consumption During Focal Physiologic Neural Activity
Fox, P. T., Raichle, M. E., Mintun, M. A., & Dence, C. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3260686 · Cited by 1,796
Neural activity triggers neuronal oxidative metabolism followed by astrocytic glycolysis
Kasischke, K. A., Vishwasrao, H. D., Fisher, P. J., Zipfel, W. R., & Webb, W. W. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1096485 · Cited by 742
Astrocytic Ca2+ signaling evoked by sensory stimulation in vivo
Wang, X., Lou, N., Xu, Q., Tian, G.-F., Peng, W. G., Han, X., Kang, J., Takano, T., & Nedergaard, M. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1703 · Cited by 685
Cited by
A Cellular Perspective on Brain Energy Metabolism and Functional Imaging
Magistretti, P. J., & Allaman, I. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.035 · Cited by 1,285
Cerebral blood flow regulation and neurovascular dysfunction in Alzheimer disease
Kisler, K., Nelson, A. R., Montagne, A., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.48 · Cited by 1,243
The Human Connectome Project's neuroimaging approach
Glasser, M. F., Smith, S. M., Marcus, D. S., Andersson, J. L. R., Auerbach, E. J., Behrens, T. E. J., Coalson, T. S., Harms, M. P., Jenkinson, M., Moeller, S., et al. (2016) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4361 · Cited by 1,090
The role of brain vasculature in neurodegenerative disorders
Sweeney, M. D., Kisler, K., Montagne, A., Toga, A. W., & Zlokovic, B. V. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0234-x · Cited by 998
Iadecola, C., Yaffe, K., Biller, J., Bratzke, L. C., Faraci, F. M., Gorelick, P. B., Gulati, M., Kamel, H., Knopman, D. S., Launer, L. J., et al. (2016) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000053 · Cited by 746
Metadata
- Authors
- Hillman, E. M. C.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2014-07-08
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 161-181
- ISSN
- 0147-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4126
- OpenAlex
- W2135780113
- Cited by
- 610
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 5.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Coupling Mechanism and Significance of the BOLD Signal: A Status Report. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014111
- The paper
- Hillman, E. M. C. (2014). Coupling Mechanism and Significance of the BOLD Signal: A Status Report. Annual Review of Neuroscience. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014111
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
