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Disorders of Bone Remodeling
Open accessAbstract
The skeleton provides mechanical support for stature and locomotion, protects vital organs, and controls mineral homeostasis. A healthy skeleton must be maintained by constant bone modeling to carry out these crucial functions throughout life. Bone remodeling involves the removal of old or damaged bone by osteoclasts (bone resorption) and the subsequent replacement of new bone formed by osteoblasts (bone formation). Normal bone remodeling requires a tight coupling of bone resorption to bone formation to guarantee no alteration in bone mass or quality after each remodeling cycle. However, this important physiological process can be derailed by a variety of factors, including menopause-associated hormonal changes, age-related factors, changes in physical activity, drugs, and secondary diseases, which lead to the development of various bone disorders in both women and men. We review the major diseases of bone remodeling, emphasizing our current understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
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“OPG, a soluble receptor also produced by osteoblasts that acts as a decoy receptor and neutralizes RANKL, prevents RANKL from interacting with RANK and consequently inhibits osteoclast proliferation, activity, and survival [73, 74].”
From The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [73]
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“Once RANKL binds to its natural receptor, expressed by osteoclast precursor cells, it stimulates osteoclast precursor differentiation to active mature osteoclasts and accelerates bone resorption [73].”
From The Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Bone Mass: An Overview of Pathophysiologic Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [73]
In the citing paper
“Abnormal increase in osteoclast formation and activity leads to some bone diseases such as osteoporosis, where resorption exceeds formation causing decreased bone density and increased bone fractures [105].”
From Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [105]
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“In patients with chronic liver disease, the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts is affected by liver disease, resulting in BRU imbalance [46,50].”
From Bone diseases in patients with chronic liver disease (2019) · cites this paper as [46]
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“Molecular T This is an open access article under the CC BY-NClead to a number of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta.(3,4) Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising cell therapy for their well-characterized self-renewal potential and trans-differentiation capabilities.”
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“The incidence of ONJ development by BP in other animal models ranges from 15% to 50%, depending on the method, duration, and amount of drugs delivered.(6,17) For mouse models in particular, the incidence of ONJ development when treated with BP was 20% to 30%,(5,15) which is similar to the incidence we obtained (Table…”
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“Knowledge about age-related changes in the composition and phenotype of cells in the periodontium, which lead to alveolar bone resorption, gave birth to the concept of “osteoimmunology” (Feng and McDonald, 2011; Schett, 2016; Terashima and Takayanagi, 2018; Okamoto and Takayanagi, 2019).”
BackgroundSelenoprotein W ensures physiological bone remodeling by preventing hyperactivity of osteoclasts
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“Another way by which exercise and recovery beneficially affects bone metabolism, mineral content, and structure is by increasing the blood flow to the bone and the consequent improved supply of nutrients supporting its metabolic needs (30, 31).”
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“Raptor deletion in osteoclasts impaired bone resorption, which is important for bone modeling during bone development (3, 24), which may disturb the normal developmental process and, ultimately, induce decreased body weight.”
BackgroundMiR‐214 is an important regulator of the musculoskeletal metabolism and disease
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“An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling is the cause of many bone diseases, including osteoporosis, osteopetrosis, and Paget’s disease of bone (Feng & McDonald, 2011; Kular et al., 2012).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Feng, X., & McDonald, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- ORCID
- Feng, Xu
- Venue
- Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2011-02-28
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 121-145
- ISSN
- 1553-4006 (ISSN-L)
- 1553-4014
- PMC
- PMC3571087
- OpenAlex
- W2166266977
- Cited by
- 1,272
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 59 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 142 · 2020: 107 · 2019: 117 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 59 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA109119)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21NS061677, NS061677)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (5P30 AR0406031, R01AR047830, AR 47830, R01AR050235)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Bone health and treatments
- Keywords
- bone remodeling, bone resorption, bone formation, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, bone disease, menopause, hormonal changes, age-related bone loss, physical activity, drug-induced bone loss, mineral homeostasis, pathophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone Diseases, Humans, Bone Remodeling
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