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Addiction Circuitry in the Human Brain
Open accessAbstract
A major challenge in understanding substance-use disorders lies in uncovering why some individuals become addicted when exposed to drugs, whereas others do not. Although genetic, developmental, and environmental factors are recognized as major contributors to a person's risk of becoming addicted, the neurobiological processes that underlie this vulnerability are still poorly understood. Imaging studies suggest that individual variations in key dopamine-modulated brain circuits, including circuits involved in reward, memory, executive function, and motivation, contribute to some of the differences in addiction vulnerability. A better understanding of the main circuits affected by chronic drug use and the influence of social stressors, developmental trajectories, and genetic background on these circuits is bound to lead to a better understanding of addiction and to more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of substance-use disorders.
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“Reductions in executive functions have considered both as vulnerability factors and consequences of addictive behaviors including substance-use disorders (Volkow et al., 2012).”
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“The primary subcortical brain target is the nucleus accumbens (NAc) which is considered the center of the reward circuitry and heavily implicated in substance use and craving [18–22].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., & Tomasi, D.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2012-02-10
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 321-336
- ISSN
- 0362-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4304
- PMC
- PMC3477468
- OpenAlex
- W2111986556
- Cited by
- 592
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 3.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (ZIAAA000550)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- addiction, substance use disorders, dopamine, reward systems, brain circuits, chronic drug use, social stress, developmental trajectories, genetic background, memory, executive function, motivation, addiction prevention, addiction treatment
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Brain, Dopamine, Humans, Memory, Stress, Psychological, Behavior, Addictive, Substance-Related Disorders, Executive Function
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