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Addiction Circuitry in the Human Brain
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A major challenge in understanding substance-use disorders lies in uncovering why some individuals become addicted when exposed to drugs, whereas others do not. Although genetic, developmental, and environmental factors are recognized as major contributors to a person's risk of becoming addicted, the neurobiological processes that underlie this vulnerability are still poorly understood. Imaging studies suggest that individual variations in key dopamine-modulated brain circuits, including circuits involved in reward, memory, executive function, and motivation, contribute to some of the differences in addiction vulnerability. A better understanding of the main circuits affected by chronic drug use and the influence of social stressors, developmental trajectories, and genetic background on these circuits is bound to lead to a better understanding of addiction and to more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of substance-use disorders.
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“Reductions in executive functions have considered both as vulnerability factors and consequences of addictive behaviors including substance-use disorders (Volkow et al., 2012).”
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“The primary subcortical brain target is the nucleus accumbens (NAc) which is considered the center of the reward circuitry and heavily implicated in substance use and craving [18–22].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., & Tomasi, D.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2012-02-10
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 321-336
- ISSN
- 0362-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4304
- PMC
- PMC3477468
- OpenAlex
- W2111986556
- Cited by
- 592
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 59 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 3.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (ZIAAA000550)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- addiction, substance use disorders, dopamine, reward systems, brain circuits, chronic drug use, social stress, developmental trajectories, genetic background, memory, executive function, motivation, addiction prevention, addiction treatment
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Brain, Dopamine, Humans, Memory, Stress, Psychological, Behavior, Addictive, Substance-Related Disorders, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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