Understanding the Chemical Exposome During Fetal Development and Early Childhood: A Review
Open accessAbstract
Early human life is considered a critical window of susceptibility to external exposures. Infants are exposed to a multitude of environmental factors, collectively referred to as the exposome. The chemical exposome can be summarized as the sum of all xenobiotics that humans are exposed to throughout a lifetime. We review different exposure classes and routes that impact fetal and infant metabolism and the potential toxicological role of mixture effects. We also discuss the progress in human biomonitoring and present possiblemodels for studying maternal–fetal transfer. Data gaps on prenatal and infant exposure to xenobiotic mixtures are identified and include natural biotoxins, in addition to commonly reported synthetic toxicants, to obtain a more holistic assessment of the chemical exposome. We highlight the lack of large-scale studies covering a broad range of xenobiotics. Several recommendations to advance our understanding of the early-life chemical exposome and the subsequent impact on health outcomes are proposed.
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Some factors frequently overlap and may trigger similar biological pathways.
“Some factors frequently overlap and may trigger similar biological pathways [152, 153].”
From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [152]
The literature suggests a range of prenatal exposures that can collectively impact fetal development.
“Importantly, the literature suggests a range of prenatal exposures that can collectively impact fetal development [152–156].”
From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [152]
These factors can be associated with one another.
“These factors can be associated with one another [152].”
From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [152]
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Editorial: Metabolomics and the exposome
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The Neural Exposome and Environmental Neuroscience
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- Authors
- Krausová, M., Braun, D., Buerki-Thurnherr, T., Gundacker, C., Schernhammer, E., Wisgrill, L., & Warth, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, St. Gallen, Switzerland;
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2023-01-20
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 517-540
- ISSN
- 0362-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-4304
- OpenAlex
- W4302759912
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 148
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DORA Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (179337)
- Austrian Science Fund (P33188, P 33188-B)
- Universität Wien
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- chemical exposome, fetal development, early childhood, prenatal exposure, infant exposure, xenobiotics, environmental mixtures, combined toxicity, human biomonitoring, maternal-fetal transfer, fetal metabolism, infant metabolism, exposure routes
- MeSH terms
- Exposome, Child, Preschool, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Infant, Pregnancy, Xenobiotics, Fetal Development
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