The DOI matches its Crossref record; 139 of the 147 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Retrospective Voting Reconsidered
Abstract
We review advances in the study of retrospective voting, or how citizens evaluate and act on their perceptions of government performance. As a whole, the recent literature provides a more complete and nuanced picture of the retrospective voter as sometimes, but not always, effectively incentivizing elected officials to enhance public welfare. Leveraging examples of retrospective voting in areas other than the economy, the field is heading toward a middle ground in which voters resemble decision makers in many other domains. In many cases, a coherent logic governs voters' choices. In other instances, voters make mistakes, often in predictable ways subject to well-known psychological biases. Understanding the circumstances under which retrospective voting achieves effective democratic accountability and when it fails to do so is an important task for subsequent research. We discuss two additional issues for future exploration: a better understanding of normative benchmarks, and increased attention to the relationship between retrospective voting behavior and policy outcomes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These perceptual biases seem most pronounced when the actual state of the economy is ambiguous (Healy & Malhotra 2013).”
From The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States (2019) · cites this paper as Healy & Malhotra 2013
Citations
Cites
Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1914185 · Cited by 48,524
Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk
Kahneman, D. J., & Tversky, A. (1988) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511609220.014 · Cited by 32,720
An Economic Theory of Democracy.
Banfield, E. C., & Downs, A. J. (1958) · Midwest Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2109186 · Cited by 18,558
Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9 · Cited by 9,984
Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion
Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009) · doi:10.1515/9781400829828 · Cited by 9,467
Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
(1982) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511809477 · Cited by 8,240
Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.
Shafer, G. R., Kahnerman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288362 · Cited by 5,658
Maps of Bounded Rationality: Psychology for Behavioral Economics
Kahneman, D. (2003) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282803322655392 · Cited by 5,377
Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.513 · Cited by 4,952
Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation.
C., M., & Sen, A. K. (1982) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/1973011 · Cited by 4,952
Judgment under uncertainty: List of contributors
Kahneman, D. J., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982) · Cited by 4,670
Judgment under uncertainty: Causality and attribution
Kahneman, D. J., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982) · Cited by 4,670
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
Nordhaus, W. D. (1975) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2296528 · Cited by 4,014
Elder, J. W., Geertz, C., & Rosenhack, K. P. S. (1964) · Cited by 3,878
THE NATURE OF BELIEF SYSTEMS IN MASS PUBLICS
Converse, P. E. (2004) · Aarhus University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/jj.35529187.18 · Cited by 2,497
Katz, R. S. (1982) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1961197 · Cited by 2,471
Unequal democracy: the political economy of the new gilded age
(2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-1746 · Cited by 2,314
Constituency Influence in Congress
Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. (1963) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1952717 · Cited by 2,295
Incumbent performance and electoral control
Ferejohn, J. (1986) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/bf00124924 · Cited by 2,152
Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation
Kurien, C. T., & Sen, A. K. (1983) · Social Scientist · doi:10.2307/3517051 · Cited by 2,064
Equilibrium Political Budget Cycles
Rogoff, K. (1987) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w2428 · Cited by 1,929
Lupia, A. (1994) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/2944882 · Cited by 1,850
The democratic dilemma: can citizens learn what they need to know?
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-1262 · Cited by 1,821
Key, V. O. (1966) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674497764 · Cited by 1,713
The Partisan Sort: How Liberals Became Democrats and Conservatives Became Republicans
Levendusky, M. (2009) · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226473673.001.0001 · Cited by 1,698
Page, B. I., & Shapiro, R. Y. (1992) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226644806.001.0001 · Cited by 1,680
(2004) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,673
Short-Term Fluctuations in U.S. Voting Behavior, 1896–1964
Kramer, G. H. (1971) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1955049 · Cited by 1,597
Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2010) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.24.2.3 · Cited by 1,566
The control of politicians: An economic model
Barro, R. J. (1973) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/bf01718440 · Cited by 1,537
Sociotropic Politics: The American Case
Kinder, D. R., & Kiewiet, D. R. (1981) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123400002544 · Cited by 1,522
Beyond the Running Tally: Partisan Bias in Political Perceptions
Bartels, L. M. (2002) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1021226224601 · Cited by 1,468
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cognitive Heuristics in Political Decision Making
Lau, R. R., & Redlawsk, D. P. (2001) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2669334 · Cited by 1,426
The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Policy Preferences
Mueller, J. E. (2017) · The SHAFR Guide Online · doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim290060051 · Cited by 1,425
War, Presidents and Public Opinion
Mueller, J. E. (2017) · The SHAFR Guide Online · doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim170220024 · Cited by 1,412
Ferraz, C., & Finan, F. (2008) · Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/qjec.2008.123.2.703 · Cited by 1,319
Political Control of the Economy.
Grand, J. L., & Tufte, E. R. (1979) · Economica · doi:10.2307/2553106 · Cited by 1,306
Political Control of the Economy
Tufte, E. R. (1978) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9780691219417 · Cited by 1,239
Separation of Powers and Political Accountability
Persson, T., Roland, G., & Tabellini, G. (1997) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355300555457 · Cited by 1,171
Peasants or Bankers? The American Electorate and the U.S. Economy
MacKuen, M., Erikson, R. S., & Stimson, J. A. (1992) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1964124 · Cited by 1,100
Organizing Schools for Improvement: Lessons from Chicago
McPartland, J. M. (2011) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.1177/0094306110391764b · Cited by 1,032
Electoral Accountability and Corruption: Evidence from the Audits of Local Governments
FERRAZ, C. B. O., & Finan, F. (2011) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.101.4.1274 · Cited by 999
Fearon, J. D. (1999) · Democracy, Accountability, and Representation · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139175104.003 · Cited by 992
(2010) · Cited by 990
The Effect of Economic Events on Votes for President
Fair, R. C. (1978) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/1924969 · Cited by 951
Myopic Voters and Natural Disaster Policy
HEALY, A., & MALHOTRA, N. (2009) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055409990104 · Cited by 931
Self-citationBesley, T. J. (2007) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199283910.001.0001 · Cited by 905
Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime: Comment
McCrary, J. (2002) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/00028280260344768 · Cited by 867
Out of Step, Out of Office: Electoral Accountability and House Members' Voting
Canes‐Wrone, B., Brady, D., & Cogan, J. F. (2002) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055402004276 · Cited by 835
Duch, R. M., & Stevenson, R. T. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511755934 · Cited by 834
The Economic Vote: How Political and Economic Institutions Condition Election Results
Duch, R. M., & Stevenson, R. T. (2008) · Cited by 698
Partisan bias in factual beliefs about politics
Bullock, J. G., Gerber, A. S., Hill, S. J., & Huber, G. A. (2015) · Quarterly Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1561/100.00014074 · Cited by 686
Same Facts, Different Interpretations: Partisan Motivation and Opinion on Iraq
Gaines, B. J., Kuklinski, J. H., Quirk, P. J., Peyton, B., & Verkuilen, J. (2007) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00601.x · Cited by 683
Kramer, G. H. (1983) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1956013 · Cited by 677
The Political Conditioning of Economic Perceptions
Evans, G., & Andersen, R. (2005) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00380.x · Cited by 593
Shefrin, H. (2002) · doi:10.1093/0195161211.001.0001 · Cited by 571
Smith, M. B., Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. (1961) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419686 · Cited by 559
The End of Economic Voting? Contingency Dilemmas and the Limits of Democratic Accountability
Anderson, C. J. (2007) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.050806.155344 · Cited by 553
Electoral Accountability: Recent Theoretical and Empirical Work
Ashworth, S. (2012) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-031710-103823 · Cited by 541
Opportunistic Political Cycles: Test in a Young Democracy Setting
Akhmedov, A., & Zhuravskaya, E. V. (2004) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/0033553042476206 · Cited by 518
Leadership and Pandering: A Theory of Executive Policymaking
Canes‐Wrone, B., Herron, M. C., & Shotts, K. W. (2001) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2669237 · Cited by 498
Markus, G. B. (1988) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111314 · Cited by 494
Converse, P. E. (1966) · Political Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2146909 · Cited by 492
The Myth of the independent voter
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-1773 · Cited by 480
Gomez, B. T., & Wilson, J. M. (2001) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2669331 · Cited by 473
Make It Rain? Retrospection and the Attentive Electorate in the Context of Natural Disasters
Gasper, J. T., & Reeves, A. (2011) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00503.x · Cited by 468
Attributing Blame: The Public's Response to Hurricane Katrina
Malhotra, N. A., & Kuo, A. G. (2008) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381607080097 · Cited by 440
Self-citationFixing Market Failures or Fixing Elections? Agricultural Credit in India
Cole, S. A. (2009) · American Economic Journal Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.1.1.219 · Cited by 436
Magleby, K., Keith, B. E., Magleby, D. B., Nelson, C. J., & Orr, E. (1992) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520912236 · Cited by 425
The Multiple Effects of Casualties on Public Support for War: An Experimental Approach
Gartner, S. S. (2008) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055408080027 · Cited by 423
Tilley, J. R., & HOBOLT, S. B. (2011) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381611000168 · Cited by 421
Controversies in voting behavior
Niemi, R. G., & Weisberg, H. F. (1984) · Cited by 415
Irrelevant events affect voters' evaluations of government performance
Healy, A., Malhotra, N. A., & Mo, C. H. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1007420107 · Cited by 410
Self-citationThe Cross-cultural challenge to social psychology
(1989) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.26-5331 · Cited by 407
The Media's Role in Forming Voters' National Economic Evaluations in 1992
Hetherington, M. J. (1996) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111629 · Cited by 398
When Moderate Voters Prefer Extreme Parties: Policy Balancingin Parliamentary Elections
Kedar, O. (2005) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055405051592 · Cited by 389
The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes
Levitt, S. D., & Snyder, J. M. (1997) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/262064 · Cited by 373
Substituting the End for the Whole: Why Voters Respond Primarily to the Election‐Year Economy
Healy, A., & Lenz, G. (2013) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12053 · Cited by 357
Self-citationWho's Responsible for the Economy? The Formation and Consequences of Responsibility Attributions
Rudolph, T. J. (2003) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/1540-5907.00049 · Cited by 345
Benchmarking across Borders: Electoral Accountability and the Necessity of Comparison
Kayser, M. A. L. A. D., & Peress, M. (2012) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055412000275 · Cited by 339
Ethnocentrism and Causal Attribution in a South Indian Context
Taylor, D. M., & Jaggi, V. (1974) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/002202217400500202 · Cited by 339
Do voters demand responsive governments? Evidence from Indian disaster relief
Cole, S. A., Healy, A., & Werker, E. D. (2011) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.05.005 · Cited by 329
Self-citationThe Electoral Cost of War: Iraq Casualties and the 2004 U.S. Presidential Election
Karol, D., & Miguel, E. A. (2007) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00564.x · Cited by 317
The message matters: the economy and presidential campaigns
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-4714 · Cited by 315
Press Coverage and Political Accountability
Snyder, J. M., & Strömberg, D. (2010) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/652903 · Cited by 294
Disentangling Accountability and Competence in Elections: Evidence from U.S. Term Limits
Alt, J. E., de Mesquita, E. B., & Rose, S. (2011) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381610000940 · Cited by 291
Economic Perceptions and Vote Choice: Disentangling the Endogeneity
Wlezien, C. B., Franklin, M. N., & Twiggs, D. (1997) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1024841605168 · Cited by 285
Blind Retrospection. Electoral Responses to Drought, Flu, and Shark Attacks
Achen, C. H., & Bartels, L. M. (2004) · Cited by 279
The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes
Levitt, S. D., & Snyder, J. M. (1995) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w5002 · Cited by 278
Costly Jobs: Trade-related Layoffs, Government Compensation, and Voting in U.S. Elections
MARGALIT, Y. (2011) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s000305541000050x · Cited by 273
A Model of the Political Economy of the United States
Alesina, A., Londregan, J., & Rosenthal, H. L. (1991) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.3386/w3611 · Cited by 273
Accountability and Local Elections: Rethinking Retrospective Voting
Berry, C. R., & Howell, W. G. (2007) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00579.x · Cited by 270
Economic Voting for Governor and U. S. Senator: The Electoral Consequences of Federalism
Stein, R. M. (1990) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.2307/2131418 · Cited by 270
Are Voters Rational? Evidence from Gubernatorial ElectionsPreprint
Wolfers, J. J. (2002) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.305740 · Cited by 262
The Electoral Dynamics of the Federal Pork Barrel
Bickers, K. N., & Stein, R. M. (1996) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111752 · Cited by 254
Huber, G. A., Hill, S. J., & Lenz, G. (2012) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055412000391 · Cited by 251
Random Events, Economic Losses, and Retrospective Voting: Implications for Democratic Competence
Healy, A., & Malhotra, N. A. (2010) · Quarterly Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1561/100.00009057 · Cited by 235
Self-citationArceneaux, K. (2006) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2006.00530.x · Cited by 219
Institutional Context and the Assignment of Political Responsibility
Rudolph, T. J. (2003) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1111/1468-2508.00009 · Cited by 216
State and National Factors in Gubernatorial and Senatorial Elections
Carsey, T. M., & Wright, G. (1998) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2991738 · Cited by 212
The Attribution of Credit and Blame to Governments and Its Impact on Vote Choice
Marsh, M., & Tilley, J. R. (2009) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123409990275 · Cited by 206
Political persuasion and attitude change
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-2583 · Cited by 200
Legislative Effectiveness and Legislative Careers
Miquel, G. P. I., & Snyder, J. M. (2006) · Legislative Studies Quarterly · doi:10.3162/036298006x201841 · Cited by 199
Mecro‐Economic Voting: Local Information and Micro‐Perceptions of the Macro‐Economy
Ansolabehere, S. D., Meredith, M., & Snowberg, E. (2014) · Economics and Politics · doi:10.1111/ecpo.12040 · Cited by 191
Self-Serving and Group-Serving Bias in Attribution
Taylor, D. M., & Doria, J. R. (1981) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1981.9924371 · Cited by 179
Reputational Dynamics and Political Careers
Ashworth, S. (2005) · The Journal of Law Economics and Organization · doi:10.1093/jleo/ewi015 · Cited by 177
The Personal and Political Underpinnings of Economic Forecasts
Conover, P. J., Feldman, S., & Knight, K. (1987) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111283 · Cited by 177
Economic Geography and Economic Voting: Evidence from the US States
EBEID, M., & Rodden, J. (2006) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123406000275 · Cited by 165
Triangulating Political Responsibility: The Motivated Formation of Responsibility Judgments
Rudolph, T. J. (2006) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2006.00451.x · Cited by 152
Abramowitz, A. I., Lanoue, D. J., & Ramesh, S. (1988) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.2307/2131382 · Cited by 151
Evans, G., & Pickup, M. (2010) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381610000654 · Cited by 145
The voter as juror: Attributing responsibility for economic conditions
Peffley, M. (1984) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf00989621 · Cited by 135
War Casualties, Policy Positions, and the Fate of Legislators
Gartner, S. S., Segura, G. M., & Barratt, B. (2004) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/106591290405700311 · Cited by 129
Alvarez, R. M., & Saving, J. L. (1997) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/106591299705000405 · Cited by 128
Ecologies of Unease: Geographic Context and National Economic Evaluations
Reeves, A., & Gimpel, J. G. (2011) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-011-9167-8 · Cited by 126
Does the World Economy Swing National Elections
Leigh, A. (2009) · Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0084.2008.00545.x · Cited by 121
How Richard Nixon Pressured Arthur Burns: Evidence from the Nixon Tapes
Abrams, B. A. (2006) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.20.4.177 · Cited by 121
Are Governors Responsible for the State Economy? Partisanship, Blame, and Divided Federalism
Brown, A. R. (2010) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381610000046 · Cited by 119
Iraq Casualties and the 2006 Senate Elections
Kriner, D. L., & Shen, F. X. (2007) · Legislative Studies Quarterly · doi:10.3162/036298007782398486 · Cited by 117
The Political Process and Economic Change
Frey, B. S., & Monroe, K. R. (2008) · Cited by 115
The Influence of Federal Spending on Presidential Elections
Kriner, D. L., & Reeves, A. (2012) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055412000159 · Cited by 112
Tufano, P. (2009) · Annual Review of Financial Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev.financial.050808.114457 · Cited by 111
Term Length and the Effort of Politicians
Bó, E. D., & Rossi, M. A. (2011) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/restud/rdr010 · Cited by 108
Causal Attribution and Economic Voting in American Congressional Elections
Gomez, B. T., & Wilson, J. M. (2003) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/106591290305600303 · Cited by 99
Grose, C. R., & Oppenheimer, B. I. (2007) · Legislative Studies Quarterly · doi:10.3162/036298007782398495 · Cited by 98
The Empirical Content of Rational Choice Theory
Cox, G. W. (1999) · Journal of Theoretical Politics · doi:10.1177/0951692899011002001 · Cited by 88
Elections and the timing of devaluations
Stein, E. H., & Streb, J. M. (2004) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/s0022-1996(03)00040-0 · Cited by 81
The Electoral Benefits of Distributive Spending
Lazarus, J., & Reilly, S. (2009) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912908329355 · Cited by 80
Looking Beyond the Incumbent: The Effects of Exposing Corruption on Electoral Outcomes
Chong, A. E., O, A. L. D. L., Karlan, D., & Wantchekon, L. (2011) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w17679 · Cited by 79
Does Federalism Weaken Democratic Representation in the United States?
Arceneaux, K. (2005) · Publius The Journal of Federalism · doi:10.1093/publius/pji015 · Cited by 78
Attributing Presidential Responsibility for National Economic Problems
Peffley, M., & Williams, J. T. (1985) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x8501300402 · Cited by 75
Policy Moderation or Conflicting Expectations?
Alvarez, R. M., & Schousen, M. M. (1993) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x9302100402 · Cited by 72
Contextual Effects on Retrospective Economic Evaluations The Impact of the State and Local Economy
Books, J. W., & Prysby, C. L. (1999) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1023371328591 · Cited by 71
Attribution theory and processes: A cross-cultural perspective.
Fletcher, G. J. O., & Ward, C. A. (1988) · Cited by 66
Bechtel, M. M., & Hainmueller, J. (2011) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00533.x · Cited by 63
Democratic theory and electoral reality
Converse, P. E. (2006) · Critical Review · doi:10.1080/08913810608443662 · Cited by 56
Persuasion in Context: The Multi-level Structure of Economic Evaluations
Mondak, J. J., Mutz, D. C., & Huckfeldt, R. (1996) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 48
The Economic Records of the Presidents: Party Differences and Inherited Economic Conditions
Campbell, J. E. (2011) · The Forum · doi:10.2202/1540-8884.1429 · Cited by 38
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- 10.2307/2938953 · DOI
- Campbell J, 2011, Forum J. Appl. Res. Contemp. Polit., 9, Article 7
- Chen J. 2013. Distributive spending, voter partisanship, and political participation: a theory of voter turnout as retrospective evaluation. Am. J. Polit. Sci. In press
- Fiorina MP, 1981, Retrospective Voting in American National Elections
- Levitt S, 1997, J. Polit. Econ., 87, 270
- Persson T, 2002, Political Economics
- Puzo M, 1972, The Godfather
- Rogoff K, 1990, Am. Econ. Rev., 80, 21
- 10.1515/9781400830480 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States
Iyengar, S., Lelkes, Y., Levendusky, M., Malhotra, N., & Westwood, S. J. (2019) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034 · Cited by 3,603
Self-citationStokes, L. C. (2015) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12220 · Cited by 342
Can Deliberative Minipublics Address the Cognitive Challenges of Democratic Citizenship?
Warren, M. E., & Gastil, J. (2015) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/680078 · Cited by 283
Political Responses to Economic Shocks
Margalit, Y. M. (2019) · Annual Review of Political Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050517-110713 · Cited by 280
Partisan Elites as Culprits? How Party Cues Shape Partisan Perceptual Gaps
Bisgaard, M., & Slothuus, R. (2018) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12349 · Cited by 269
Metadata
- Authors
- Healy, A., & Malhotra, N.
- Affiliations
- Loyola Marymount University (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- ORCID
- Malhotra, Neil
- Venue
- Annual Review of Political Science
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2013-05-11
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 285-306
- ISSN
- 1094-2939 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-1577
- OpenAlex
- W2170291011
- Cited by
- 667
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 47 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 54.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Political Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Game Theory and Voting Systems
- Keywords
- retrospective voting, government performance perceptions, democratic accountability, voting behavior, psychological biases, normative benchmarks, policy outcomes, economic voting, political decision-making
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review