The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 25 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas
Open accessAbstract
Defines intersectionality as a knowledge project attentive to power relations and notes that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age are reciprocally constructing phenomena.
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Claims the paper makes
62 Own interpretation · 13 Sources not found · 13 No basis given · 8 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet
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In the paper
“The growth and institutionalization of intersectionality can also be measured by the arrival of undergraduate readers whose purpose is to introduce intersectionality to students and the lay public.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“in a postgenomic age, the resurgence of race in science, law, and medicine points to the resiliency of biological understandings of race within contemporary racial projects of science itself, typically without racially discriminatory intent (Duster 2015).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Duster 2015 source
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In the paper
“African American intellectual production has a storied history of protesting both the social structural dimensions of racism and the cultural representations of people of African descent (Kelley 2002).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kelley 2002
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In the paper
“contemporary color-blind racism constitutes a differently organized yet equally powerful racial formation that manages to replicate racial hierarchies, often without overt attention to race itself”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bonilla-Silva 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Brown et al. 2003
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this theory makes room for multiple interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Instead, Black feminism's immediate concern in the United States was to empower African American women through critical analyses of how mutually constructing systems of oppression of race, class, gender, and sexuality framed the social issues and social inequalities that Black women faced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the United States, the racial formation of color-conscious racism has relied on a deep-seated logic of segregation that was applied to all aspects of social structures and cultural representations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Such groups find intellectual and political space within racial formation theory for the group-based knowledge of racial projects that oppose racial hierarchy and racial inequality (Collins 1998a, pp. 201-28).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1998a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through its analysis of racial projects, racial formation theory can account for change in ways that retain the agency of individual human actors and group-based action.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Racial formation theory offers social actors guidance as to how their individual and collective actions matter in shaping racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several special editions of journals have also been devoted to various aspects of intersectionality as a field of study.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Monographs too numerous to cite here use the term intersectionality, as well as various combinations of the terms race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and ability in their titles”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By the early 2000s, heightened interest in intersectionality fostered a blizzard of journal articles, special editions to journals, edited volumes, and undergraduate anthologies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's increasing acceptance as a field of study within the academy is clearly evident.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“Because it conceptualizes race as situated within the recursive relationship between social structures and cultural representations, racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas racial formation theory (ironically, itself a knowledge project) focuses on racism as a mono-categorical system of power, intersectionality examines social formations of multiple, complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this regard, Black feminism as a knowledge project was both situated within the specific context of the United States and connected to broader, global social justice concerns (Collins 2000, pp. 227-50).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000, pp. 227-50
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eugenics arguments fell out of favor in the post-World War II era, suggesting that counterarguments claiming that race was socially constructed with no connections to biology had prevailed.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(a) intersectionality as a field of study that is situated within the power relations that it studies”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The broader knowledge project provides a set of ideas that provide moments of definitional consensus.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Within racial formation theory, ideas matter, not simply as hegemonic ideologies produced by elites but also as tangible, multiple knowledge projects that are advanced by specific interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race (e.g., racial meanings, representations, and social identities) nor the power relations in which racial meanings are situated.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(b) intersectionality as an analytical strategy that provides new angles of vision on social phenomena”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“within this overarching umbrella, intersectionality can also be profitably conceptualized as a constellation of knowledge projects that change in relation to one another in tandem with changes in the interpretive communities that advance them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Intersectionality can be conceptualized as an overarching knowledge project whose changing contours grow from and respond to social formations of complex social inequalities”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“I analyze intersectionality as a knowledge project whose raison d'être lies in its attentiveness to power relations and social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
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- Rests on an assumption: Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because groups aim to have their interpretations of racial inequality prevail, knowledge lies at the heart of racial projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overarching intersectional frameworks have been so successful because they remain broad and unspecified.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the eugenics projects that advanced widely accepted scientific knowledge about race had significant impact on the public policies of the United States, Germany, and many nation-states.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The strength of racial formation theory lies in how it links specific knowledge projects (racial projects) with historically constructed power relations (racial formations).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Linking power with knowledge, the construct of community provides an important framework for understanding the interpretive communities that advance intersectionality's many knowledge projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Knowledge projects are not free-floating phenomena; they are grounded in specific sociological processes experienced by actual people.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because understanding racial inequality remains central to racial formation theory, it provides intellectual and political space for subordinated social groups such as African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and indigenous peoples.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“(c) intersectionality as critical praxis that informs social justice projects”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A sociology of knowledge framework suggests that knowledge-including knowledge aimed at better understanding intersectionality-is socially constructed and transmitted, legitimated, and reproduced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Balibar 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Berger & Luckmann 1966
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- Not matchedcites Foucault 1980
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hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“intersectional knowledge projects typically focus on three interdependent concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The third focal point emphasizes intersectionality as a form of critical praxis, especially its connections with social justice.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet despite these efforts, the richness of these knowledge projects rarely make it into the legitimated canon of established fields.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They provide the illusion that the constellation of smaller knowledge projects can be uncritically categorized under intersectionality's big tent umbrella.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet intersectionality goes farther than this mono-system analysis, introducing a greater level of complexity into conceptualizing inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Racial formations have distinctive configurations of racial projects for which interest groups advance various interpretations of racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first focal point makes intersectionality as a field of study the object of investigation.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality can build on this foundation by moving beyond a mono-categorical focus on racial inequality to encompass multiple forms of inequality that are organized via a similar logic.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the sets of practitioners that lay claim to intersectionality via multiple cross-cutting and competitive intersectional knowledge projects reveal a lack of consensus about intersectionality's history, current organization, and future directions.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Historically constructed, ever-changing racial formations organize racialized groups, the specific patterns of racial inequality that link racialized populations, and social problems that ensue.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Just as racial formations change in response to racial projects, racial projects change in relation to changing racial formations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality faces a particular definitional dilemma-it participates in the very power relations that it examines and, as a result, must pay special attention to the conditions that make its knowledge claims comprehensible.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's definitional dilemma occurs in this intellectual and political space.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, there is the need for better assessments of pain, suffering, and injury.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In scholarly settings, the critical dimensions of Davis's work open her up to accusations of bias-her analyses of capitalism, neoliberalism, racism, and prisons can read as too polemical and therefore unscholarly.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality is not simply a field of study to be mastered or an analytical strategy for understanding; rather, intersectionality as critical praxis sheds light on the doing of social justice work.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet critical scholarship linked to critical practice such as this is also part of a broader intersectional knowledge project that increasingly transcends the traditional boundaries of academic projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these scholar-activists, intersectionality as a form of critical praxis made sense for their social justice projects aimed at remedying complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the underemphasis on intersectionality as critical praxis within academia most likely reflects efforts to avoid the implicit political implications of intersectionality itself.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Scholars may know less about intersectionality as critical praxis simply because they fail to look for it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Holding fast to the creativity of this dynamic area of inquiry and practice yet finding a common language that will be useful to its practitioners is the cutting-edge definitional dilemma for intersectionality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, in activist venues searching for a critical analysis of social inequality, these same ideas remain wellreceived, precisely because her work remains critical.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, human rights requires more effective tools for identifying the kinds of distinctions that constitute discrimination.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet on the basis of their respective agendas, activist and scholarly circles can interpret Davis's intellectual production differently.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Women's studies assumed an important leadership role by enabling gender scholars who were spread across various disciplines to gather, compare, and contrast the study of women within their distinctive disciplines, and then migrate back into those very same disciplines with this new knowledge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Davis's stature as a public intellectual has provided a platform for her ideas, making it difficult if not impossible to exclude them from academic venues.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, Canadian activist Harsha Walia's (2013) analysis of border imperialism is written for, not about, activists.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walia 2013
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite intersectionality's ongoing definitional ambiguities, intersectionality as a field of study has catalyzed a copious outpouring of new knowledge, much of it produced by researchers, faculty members, and students who use intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > PRODUCING NEW KNOWLEDGE: INTERSECTIONALITY AS AN ANALYTICAL STRATEGY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This underemphasis may be due in part because these areas valorize studying or writing about intersectionality over practicing it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mission statements from the IBPA illustrate the aspirations of social actors who wish to bring intersectionality into public policy areas:”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This rhetorical strategy of mentioning one African American woman as intersectionality's foremother fosters a collective ritual that legitimates this particular origin story.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ideas expressed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights bear a strong family resemblance to strands of intersectionality that are aligned with social justice initiatives.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the intellectual richness of Crenshaw's work, contemporary narratives of the emergence of intersectionality rarely situate her work within this crucial historical juncture linking knowledge projects from social movements advanced by women of color with the institutionalization of race/class/gender studies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As Carbado (2013) points out,”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Carbado 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this context, intersectionality as a knowledge project faces the fundamental challenge of sustaining its critical edge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners are often frontline actors for solving social problems that are clearly linked to complex social inequalities, a social location that predisposes them to respond to intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
In the paper
“For example, Simon Fraser University's Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) initiative, housed at the Institute for Intersectionality Research and Policy, aims to generate research with direct applicability to Canadian health policy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hankivsky 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality as a knowledge project remained unnamed as such during the 1980s, the major decade when its ideas but not its name were incorporated into the US academy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“For example, from her pathbreaking work on women, race, and class to her sustained attention to prison abolition, the storied career of Angela Davis (1981Davis ( , 2012) ) speaks to a sustained engagement with intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Davis 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Davis 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The value of critical praxis reflects the norms of any given interpretive community.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This connection between social justice and remedying complex social inequalities seems more prominent outside academic settings than within them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasingly, intersectionality's ideas can travel across diverse interpretive communities, a shift that has important implications for intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality potentially helps address three main concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Her book is unlikely to be selected for ASA sessions on”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third concern is the search for appropriate reparations and remedies to victims of human rights abuses.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners who would be drawn to intersectionality as critical praxis seek knowledge projects that take a stand; such projects would critique social injustices that characterize complex social inequalities, imagine alternatives, and/or propose viable action strategies for change.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite its ubiquity, intersectionality as critical praxis remains underemphasized within intersectionality as a field of study and within scholarship that draws on intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet groups such as these have a vested interest in drawing upon intersectional frameworks to address social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the visibility of scholars as the public face of intersectionality, practitioners such as hip-hop poets, Afro-Brazilian feminists, IBPA scholar-activists, and intellectual activists such as Angela Davis and Harsha Walia may be equally if not more likely to put forth the innovative, cutting-edge intersectional analyses that will advance the field.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The changing political economy of publishing and social media provides new venues for circulating intersectional analyses both outside and inside academia.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It not only contained an explicit analysis of the interconnectedness of race, class, gender, and sexuality as systems of power, but also constituted one defining moment for the emergence of race/class/gender studies and its subsequent renaming as intersectionality (Collins 2000).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
“The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.
“By now, a general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
“Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
“Typically, these groups are composed of society's overlooked populations, specifically the young, women, people of color, and poor people.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Intersectionality theory suggests that people experience multiple forms of stigma in interlocking systems and structures of oppressive power.9”
From An acceptance-based, intersectional stigma coping intervention for people with HIV who inject drugs—a randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
“Toni Morrison's (1971Morrison's ( , 1987Morrison's ( , 1992) ) books The Bluest Eye and Beloved”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > References
“Morrison T. 1970. The Bluest Eye. New York: Vintage Books”
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
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“…describes how various individual and societal characteristics, such as race, gender, socioeconomic status, ability, and sexuality, do not operate in ways that are mutually exclusive; rather, they work together to shape one's experiences and one's way of viewing the world (Collins, 2015).”
Fadnis, D. (2022) · Journalism Practice · doi:10.1080/17512786.2022.2032284 · Cited by 5
Jacquinet, M., Curado, H., Nobre, Â. L., Sousa, M. J., Arraya, M. A. M., Pimenta, R. E., & Martins, A. E. (2017) · Advances in knowledge acquisition, transfer, and management book series/Advances in knowledge acquisition, transfer and management book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2394-9.ch017 · Cited by 5
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Diversity and Discrimination in Research Organizations: Theoretical Starting Points
Müller, J., Striebing, C., & Schraudner, M. (2022) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-80117-956-020221001 · Cited by 8
Intersectionality Matters: Black Women, Labor, and Households in Black Suburbia
Clergé, O. (2023) · RSF The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences · doi:10.7758/rsf.2023.9.1.04 · Cited by 4
Talking about inequities: A comparative analysis of COVID-19 narratives in the UK, US, and Brazil
Evered, J. A., Castellanos, M. E. P., Dowrick, A., Germani, A. C. C. G., Rai, T., de Souza, A. N., Qureshi, K., Conceição, M. I. G., Cabral, I. E., & Grob, R. (2023) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100277 · Cited by 6
Jason, K., Richardson, S. C., & Dennis, K. N. (2023) · Journal of African American Women and Girls in Education · doi:10.21423/jaawge-v2i3a95 · Cited by 6
“Collins (2015) suggests that “intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities”…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialIntergenerational mobility and racial inequality: The case for a more holistic approach
Easley, J. A., & Baker, R. (2023) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.13128 · Cited by 5
Narine, D., Yamashita, T., & Mair, C. A. (2023) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-023-01781-5 · Cited by 5
“…is guided by an intersectionality framework [9, 10], which provides a conceptual and analytical structure for examining intersecting identities [11]—in the case of the present study, the intersection of racial, ethnic, and cultural identities in relation to breast cancer screening behaviors…”
Dixon, S., Batta, M., & Jidong, D. E. (2023) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v11i11.4722 · Cited by 7
Superdiversiteetti. Näkökulmia maahanmuuton monimuotoisuuteen
Olsson, P., Lappi, T.-R., & Mattila, H. (2023) · doi:10.21435/skst.1489 · Cited by 17
Caiola, C. E., Choufani, M. R., André, J., Sommer, S. B., Schoemann, A. M., Bass, S. B., & Barroso, J. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21121575 · Cited by 5
“Intersectionality, the work of Black feminists and social scientists [9,10,26–28], offers a means of examining social location or intersecting systems of oppression and social determinants of health such as gender, race/ethnic, and class inequities; geographic location; and HIV-related stigma…”
InfluentialIsaac, M., & Jurasz, O. (2018) · International Criminal Law Review · doi:10.1163/15718123-01805003 · Cited by 5
El concepto interseccionalidad en el feminismo negro de Patricia Collins
Guerrero, D. S. (2018) · Resonancias Revista de Filosofía · doi:10.5354/0719-790x.2018.50354 · Cited by 6
Stormhøj, C. (2018) · Sexualities · doi:10.1177/1363460718790873 · Cited by 5
“In line with Fraserian thinking, a macro-group level approach to intersectionality(12) foregrounds social structures and common location within power relations (positionality), thus addressing the fact of interlocking systems of oppression (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1994). My main focus will be on the intersection of h…”
BackgroundFernández, B. Q. (2019) · Investigaciones Feministas · doi:10.5209/infe.66497 · Cited by 5
Intersectional Reculturing for All Students: Preparation and Practices for Educational Leaders.
Whitenack, D. A., Golloher, A., & Burciaga, R. (2019) · Educational Leadership and Administration: Teaching and Program Development · Cited by 5
Mobashery, M., von Lersner, U., Böge, K., Fuchs, L. M., Schomerus, G., Franke, M. L., Angermeyer, M. C., & Hahn, E. W. (2020) · International Journal of Migration Health and Social Care · doi:10.1108/ijmhsc-03-2019-0036 · Cited by 5
Status, socialization, and identities: Central factors to understand disparities in crime
Isom, D. A. (2020) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12825 · Cited by 6
INTERSECCIONALIDADE: UM EXERCÍCIO TEÓRICO A PARTIR DE UMA PESQUISA EMPÍRICA
de Carvalho, M. P. (2020) · Cadernos de Pesquisa · doi:10.1590/198053147068 · Cited by 5
Combatting Gender Oppression: Applying Intersectionality in Microfinance Self-help Groups
Karan, P., Lee, J., & Hugman, R. (2020) · European Journal of Development Research · doi:10.1057/s41287-020-00309-5 · Cited by 5
“Thus, intersectionality approaches see that social categories (such as race, class, gender, sexuality) are not mutually exclusive and reciprocally shape complex social inequalities (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundMURA, E. S. U. (2021) · Social Politics International Studies in Gender State & Society · doi:10.1093/sp/jxab002 · Cited by 5
“The first one is granting “epistemic privilege” (Mohanty 2013) to marginalized voices (Chadwick 2017; Collins 2000, 2015).”
BackgroundThe Psychosocial Implications of Disney Movies
Dundes, L. (2019) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03897-849-7 · Cited by 7
Chan, C. D., Ngadjui, O. T., Jackson, T., & Steen, S. (2021) · Professional School Counseling · doi:10.1177/2156759x211040029 · Cited by 6
“…ec o m in g m o re m in d fu l ab o u t h er in te rs ec ti o n s an d o th er m u lt ip ly m ar gi n al iz ed gr o u p s. 9 intersectionality (see Collins, 2015; Collins & Bilge, 2020; Crenshaw, 1989), critical race theory (see Delgado & Stefancic, 2017; Ladson-Billings, 1998), and Black…”
BackgroundInfluentialPeterson, V. S. (2021) · Security Dialogue · doi:10.1177/09670106211017369 · Cited by 5
“Recent contributions include Bilge (2013); Cho et al. (2013b); Gill and Pires (2019); Hill Collins (2015); Parashar (2016).”
BackgroundMackenbach, J. P. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198831419.003.0001 · Cited by 6
Engaging My Whole Self in Learning to Teach for Social Justice
Hannon, L. V. (2020) · Springer international handbooks of education · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-6880-6_25 · Cited by 6
Revisiting gender occupational segregation trends in Canada: 1991–2016
Kaida, L., & Boyd, M. (2022) · Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie · doi:10.1111/cars.12392 · Cited by 5
McLaughin, C. P., & Colquitt, K. (2023) · New Directions for Student Leadership · doi:10.1002/yd.20540 · Cited by 8
Symbolic Violence Against Women in Medan’s Patriarchal Culture
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Coladonato, R., Yzerbyt, V. Y., & Carnaghi, A. (2023) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12690 · Cited by 5
Smith, J., Tiwana, M. H., Samji, H., Morgan, R., Purewal, S., & Delgado‐Ron, J. A. (2023) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/08982643231212981 · Cited by 5
“Recognizing that de fi nitions are “ a starting point, ” as Collins (2015) states, we understand intersectionality as a “ framework for understanding how multiple social identities such as race/ ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, SES (Socio-Economic Status), and disability, intersect at the…”
A contemporary class structure: Capital disparities in The Netherlands
Vrooman, J. C., Boelhouwer, J., & Gijsberts, M. I. L. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0296443 · Cited by 8
Social Movement Intersectionality and Re-Centring Intersectional Activism
Broad, K. L. (2017) · Atlantis Critical Studies in Gender Culture & Social Justice · doi:10.7202/1119643ar · Cited by 10
Castañeda, Ó. J. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51487-1_7 · Cited by 5
Patterns of health inequalities
Mackenbach, J. P. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198831419.003.0002 · Cited by 5
Black, G. F., Liedeman, R., & Ryklief, F. (2019) · Community Development Journal · doi:10.1093/cdj/bsz037 · Cited by 6
Stoltz, P. (2020) · Gender and politics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53464-6_2 · Cited by 5
Johri, A., Heyman-Schrum, C., Ruiz, D., Malik, A. N., Karbasian, H., Handa, R., & Purohit, H. (2018) · ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS) · doi:10.1145/3209811.3212700 · Cited by 5
“often a lack of context around the material being analyzed and figuring out the purpose why the material was created [8-9].”
BackgroundStober, K., & Franzese, A. T. (2018) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1529-212620180000025005 · Cited by 5
Bacchus, N. S. (2019) · American Journal of Islam and Society · doi:10.35632/ajiss.v36i4.548 · Cited by 7
Hudson, S. T. J., & Ghani, A. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/9uxwz · Cited by 4
Olivier, J., Clair, M., & Denis, J. S. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781405165518.wbeos1238 · Cited by 5
Vázquez, T. D., Estradé, S., & Bosch, N. V. (2022) · doi:10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dt70 · Cited by 6
“El objetivo de este trabajo no era la búsqueda de “la última innovación teórica” (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundLim, J. R., Jun, H., & Ledford, V. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/2nbmj · Cited by 5
Luoma, J. B., Rossi, S. L., Sereda, Y., Pavlov, N., Toussova, O., Vetrova, M., Bendiks, S., Kiriazova, T. K., Krupitsky, E. M., Lioznov, D. A., et al. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4182419 · Cited by 5
Hudson, S. T. J., Cusimano, A., & Berney, E. C. (2023) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/swt94 · Cited by 5
Intersectionality in Marketing: A Paradigm for Understanding Understudied ConsumersPreprint
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Gender and Community-Based Tourism: Theoretical Debates from a Decolonial Perspective
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Power and possibility: an intersectional perspective of campus sexual violence disclosure
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“This approach does more than critique existing frameworks; it unlocks transformative potential for survivor-centered care because it inherently embeds resistance and social justice, ensuring that policies and practices prioritize the rights and safety of all students [22].”
Gender: a key concept in critical agrarian studies
Rao, S. (2025) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150.2025.2492122 · Cited by 4
“There is a willingness to generalize, to create ‘historically appropriate approximations’ (O’Laughlin 1999, 24), and to conceptualize forms of power and domination that are not reducible to the sum of individual parts (Collins 2015).”
Wehbeh, Y., Yamout, R., Jia, Z., et al. (2025) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-025-01802-6 · Cited by 4
“Translations were subsequently reviewed and refined to ensure consistency in interpretation [16, 18, 20].”
The paradox of solidarity in higher education: Caste, gender, and the affirmative action conundrum
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Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Intersectionality in Oral Health Care
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“Emerging as a lens by which to illuminate the experiences of women of color (Crenshaw 1991), intersectionality rapidly evolved into a robust framework for understanding the layered nature of discriminatory structures for groups experiencing multiple forms of marginalization (Collins 2015).”
Dadkhahfard, S., & Takeuchi, M. A. (2025) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/16094069251381704 · Cited by 4
“This framework emphasizes the inter-connectedness of these categories in shaping social inequalities (Collins, 2015).”
Digital Mental Health Through an Intersectional Lens: A Narrative Review
Yesha, R., Orezzoli, M. C. E., Sims, K., & Landau, A. Y. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14020211 · Cited by 4
“The term “intersectionality” refers to the premise that race, class, age, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, ability, and nation do not work as singular, mutually exclusive entities, but rather as categories that interact to produce multifaceted social inequalities [68,69].”
Shaaban, C. E., Suryadevara, V., Hill, A. V., Milani, S. A., Agarwal, P., Aggarwal, N. T., Akinyemi, R., Alladi, S., Brown, M. J., Caldwell, J. K., et al. (2026) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-025-01035-5 · Cited by 5
“…and traditional systems of education on cognitive decline, particularly in Africa and Latin 20 , the effects of multiple exposures need to be characterized in LMIC-specific research to understand their implications for dementia, as well as to evaluate for potential intersectional effects 51–53 .”
Intersectionality Theory and Its Application in the COVID-19 Pandemics
Acebillo‐Baqué, M., & Maestripieri, L. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25110-8_79 · Cited by 6
Russian LGBT activism and the memory politics of sexual citizenship
Stoltz, P., & Khlusova, A. (2024) · Memory Studies · doi:10.1177/17506980241233136 · Cited by 7
“These social categories do not operate as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but rather as reciprocally constructing phenomena that are part of each other’s histories and representations (Crenshaw, 1991; Hill Collins, 2015).”
Marfo, E. A., Manca, T., Cha, E., Aylsworth, L., Driedger, S. M., Meyer, S. B., Pelletier, C., Dubé, È., & MacDonald, S. E. (2024) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-024-01940-2 · Cited by 4
“This approach provides insights into how multiple social locations/identities coexist to create unique pandemic experiences, information engagement, and vaccine decisions [38, 39].”
Anwer, Q. U. A., & Chaudhary, A. Z. (2024) · Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) · doi:10.61506/01.00318 · Cited by 7
Special issue editorial: Intersectionality and biological embedding
Cook, S., Mishra, A. A., & Green, N. A. (2024) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107172 · Cited by 4
Francois‐Walcott, R. R. R., & Stokes, G. (2024) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/00957984241308791 · Cited by 5
“Black Feminist Thought (BFT; P.H. Collins, 1990) was applied as a conceptual framework to inform all aspects of the review (see Table 1).”
InfluentialDeveloping a community advisory board to combat ageism: Process and preliminary outcomes
Urbanski, D. P., Johnson, E., Frazier, R., Almiron, M., Chapman, S., Kefene, T., Keinan, A., Thomas, P., Gaugler, J. E., & Shippee, T. P. (2025) · Gerontology & Geriatrics Education · doi:10.1080/02701960.2024.2447064 · Cited by 4
“A robust literature on intersectionality rooted in Black feminist thought and activism (see Collins, 1986, 2000, 2015; Crenshaw, 1989, 1991, 2013) reveals the “interlocking nature of oppression” (Collins, 1986) and demonstrates that age-related discrimination interacts with lifelong sources of…”
The shift to stock-based compensation and gender inequality in wealth in the United States
Grigoryeva, A. (2025) · Socio-Economic Review · doi:10.1093/ser/mwaf009 · Cited by 4
Caballero, G. (2025) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2025.2466549 · Cited by 4
“Context matters for intersectionality, which is how systems shape various social groups ’ experiences that extend into time and place as factors (Collins 2015; Strolovitch 2012).”
Park, D. J., Choi, W., Lee, W., & Shin, N. (2025) · Youth · doi:10.3390/youth5020040 · Cited by 5
“…can be used to investigate how a Black young woman’s development of social networks may differ significantly from that of an Asian young man in an SBYD program due to the compounded effects of racism, sexism, and other oppressive structures each faces differently (Collins, 2015, 2019).”
Harris, H. E. (2018) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci7100206 · Cited by 4
Tabler, J., & Painter, M. A. (2022) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-022-00950-5 · Cited by 5
“An intersectional framework conceptualizes how systems of inequality, such as race, class, and/ or gender, compound to uniquely shape individuals’ access to resources and opportunities as well as pattern exposure to stigma and violence (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundGendered Indian Digital Publics Along Matrices of Domination/Oppression
Gajjala, R., Kamble, S., Basu, M., Kumar, V., & Faniyi, O. M. (2022) · Women s Studies in Communication · doi:10.1080/07491409.2022.2136885 · Cited by 4
“Our definition of intersectionality draws on the canonical works of Kimberl e Crenshaw (1989, 1991) and Patricia Hill Collins (2000, 2015, 2017), acknowledging the concept as a critical Black feminist submission that the nuanced works of Black women have sustained.”
BackgroundInfluentialJordana, T. H., & Rodríguez‐García, D. (2023) · Genealogy · doi:10.3390/genealogy7010006 · Cited by 5
Intersectionality and Global Public Health
Heard, E. M., & Wigginton, B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-96778-9_26-1 · Cited by 5
Zwischen Rassismus und race: (Post-)Strukturalistische Ansätze in der Rassismusforschung
Bellu, A., Bellu, M., & Tsianos, V. S. (2023) · transcript Verlag eBooks · doi:10.14361/9783839461501-003 · Cited by 5
Solinas‐Saunders, M., Hobson, C. J., Griffin, A., Azemi, Y., Novak, J., & Lopez, L. (2023) · Journal of Latinos and Education · doi:10.1080/15348431.2023.2192291 · Cited by 4
“This study used the Critical Race Theory lens (CRT, Collins, 2015; Delgado & Stefancic, 2017; Delgado, 1995; K. Crenshaw, 1989; K. W. Crenshaw, 2006), specifically Latina/o Critical Race Theory (LatCrit, Montoya, 1994; Johnson, 1999; Yosso, 2005) to examine the current higher education landscape…”
BackgroundMethodМангоне, Э., & Masullo, G. (2023) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-023-01062-4 · Cited by 4
Lion, V. (2023) · Social Politics International Studies in Gender State & Society · doi:10.1093/sp/jxad030 · Cited by 4
Intersectionality in Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies: A Critical Review
Zhang, A. Y., & Gao, G. (2024) · doi:10.21467/exr.4.1.5387 · Cited by 6
“Intersectionality refers to the phenomenon that the constituent social categories of one’s identity (e.g., race, gender, class, sexuality, citizenship status, age, etc.) are interdependent and mutually constitutive (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1989; 1991).”
BackgroundInfluentialCobbina, J., & Bailey, C. M. (2024) · Race and Justice · doi:10.1177/21533687241231622 · Cited by 5
“Nevertheless, mainstream scholarship and news media have silenced those who have spoken out on this issue (Collins, 2015).”
Navigating Dating Violence: An Intersectional Analysis of Agency Among Young Iranian Immigrant Women
Rahmatizadeh, M. (2024) · Affilia · doi:10.1177/08861099241245947 · Cited by 4
“While domains of power restrict or limit certain groups ’ access to societal resources, including immigrant women (Collins, 2015, p. 299), it is essential not to reduce them to mere victims of their culture or society.”
InfluentialWhat’s a Black feminist doing in a field like special education?
Boveda, M. (2024) · Theory Into Practice · doi:10.1080/00405841.2024.2355816 · Cited by 5
“Black feminist scholars and activists demand the explicit attention to diversity beyond 1 or 2 sociocultural markers of identities (e.g., Annamma, 2021; Collins, 2015).”
Abay, R. A., Cholewa, J., & Korntheuer, A. (2024) · GENDER – Zeitschrift für Geschlecht Kultur und Gesellschaft · doi:10.3224/gender.v16i2.03 · Cited by 4
Hsieh, N., Shires, D. A., Liu, H., Safford, S., & Campos, K. J. (2024) · Population Research and Policy Review · doi:10.1007/s11113-024-09898-z · Cited by 4
“Without attending to the intersectional effects of oppressions, research risks underestimating healthcare and health inequities among populations experienc-1 ing multiple structural disadvantages (Bauer, 2014; Bowleg, 2008; Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991).”
Chinese women’s entrepreneurial career choices: exploring factors
Niu, Y., Zhu, Y., & Hughes, C. (2024) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-12-2023-0432 · Cited by 4
Female Muslim Tourism and Familial Caretaking: Intersection of Gender and Religion
Nisha, F., & Cheung, C. (2024) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research · doi:10.1177/10963480241289535 · Cited by 9
“It disrupts the essentializing of separate social relations, wherein the interactive processes of various social relations amplify particular situations by bringing disparate perspectives together and generating simultaneous encounters (Collins, 2015).”
Katon, J. G., Benson, S. K., Sriskantharajah, V., Callegari, L. S., Fenwick, K. M., Gray, K. E., Kelly, P. A., & Mog, A. C. (2024) · Health Equity · doi:10.1089/heq.2024.0085 · Cited by 7
Hong, Y., & FitzGerald, C. A. (2024) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2024.2426805 · Cited by 4
“For future research, we summarized our efforts using Collins (2015)’s conceptualization of inter-sectional research—a field of study, an analytical strategy, and critical praxis.”
Prepared for Precarity: Toward a “Labor Turn” in Journalism Education
Nelson, J. L., & Cohen, N. S. (2024) · Journalism & Mass Communication Educator · doi:10.1177/10776958241296504 · Cited by 8
“Equity brings an intersectional lens to journal-ism education that centers students’ positions in terms of race, gender, class, sexuality, ability, and citizenship (Hill-Collins, 2015).”
Where intersectional feminism doesn't fit: Energy transition and Ubuntu feminism?
Chipango, E. F. (2024) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2024.103853 · Cited by 10
Bragagnolo, W., & Lezama, Y. (2025) · Crime Law and Social Change · doi:10.1007/s10611-024-10185-3 · Cited by 10
“…feminist analysis provides a deeper examination that reveals how unchecked hierarchies adversely affect marginalised groups (Crenshaw, 1989; Hill-Collins, 2015), shedding light how various forms of oppression, such as economic disparities, racial inequalities, and systemic injustices,…”
From joiners to founders: Startup employment and underrepresented entrepreneurs
Law, C. G., Howell, T., Bingham, C. B., & Bermiss, Y. S. (2025) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.3705 · Cited by 6
Lahav-Raz, Y. (2025) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.13268 · Cited by 4
Lam, J. S. H., Kurdyak, P. A., Abramovich, A., Victor, J. C., & Zaheer, J. (2025) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/15586898251333459 · Cited by 4
“Issues of power and intersectionality have also been considered throughout the study ’ s design and execution (Collins, 2015; Shannon-Baker, 2016), which will be discussed further below.”
InfluentialViña, S. M. (2025) · Drug Science Policy and Law · doi:10.1177/20503245251337357 · Cited by 4
“This study aims to fi ll in the research gap by adopting an intersectional approach (Collins & Collins, 2015) to address three research questions: (1) Does the relationship between psychedelic use and health bene fi ts hold for other racial and ethnic minorities besides non-Hispanic Whites?”
A Critical Analysis of Intersectionality and Migration
Yurdakul, G., Altay, T., & Çağlar, G. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197775417.013.0002 · Cited by 4
Presto, A. C. (2025) · Sexuality Gender & Policy · doi:10.1002/sgp2.70014 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Collins, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-1315;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-08-14
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W2148974647
- Semantic Scholar
- 48116d925a63de9e9dd793450a6ed59d51767d35
- Cited by
- 2,419
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 254 · 2025: 320 · 2024: 325 · 2023: 295 · 2022: 287 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 220 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 28.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- intersectionality, power relations, social inequality, race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, disability, age, critical praxis, social justice, knowledge production
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