The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 25 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas
Open accessAbstract
Defines intersectionality as a knowledge project attentive to power relations and notes that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age are reciprocally constructing phenomena.
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Claims the paper makes
62 Own interpretation · 13 Sources not found · 13 No basis given · 8 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet
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In the paper
“The growth and institutionalization of intersectionality can also be measured by the arrival of undergraduate readers whose purpose is to introduce intersectionality to students and the lay public.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“in a postgenomic age, the resurgence of race in science, law, and medicine points to the resiliency of biological understandings of race within contemporary racial projects of science itself, typically without racially discriminatory intent (Duster 2015).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Duster 2015 source
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In the paper
“African American intellectual production has a storied history of protesting both the social structural dimensions of racism and the cultural representations of people of African descent (Kelley 2002).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kelley 2002
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In the paper
“contemporary color-blind racism constitutes a differently organized yet equally powerful racial formation that manages to replicate racial hierarchies, often without overt attention to race itself”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bonilla-Silva 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Brown et al. 2003
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this theory makes room for multiple interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Instead, Black feminism's immediate concern in the United States was to empower African American women through critical analyses of how mutually constructing systems of oppression of race, class, gender, and sexuality framed the social issues and social inequalities that Black women faced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the United States, the racial formation of color-conscious racism has relied on a deep-seated logic of segregation that was applied to all aspects of social structures and cultural representations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Such groups find intellectual and political space within racial formation theory for the group-based knowledge of racial projects that oppose racial hierarchy and racial inequality (Collins 1998a, pp. 201-28).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1998a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through its analysis of racial projects, racial formation theory can account for change in ways that retain the agency of individual human actors and group-based action.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Racial formation theory offers social actors guidance as to how their individual and collective actions matter in shaping racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several special editions of journals have also been devoted to various aspects of intersectionality as a field of study.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Monographs too numerous to cite here use the term intersectionality, as well as various combinations of the terms race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and ability in their titles”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By the early 2000s, heightened interest in intersectionality fostered a blizzard of journal articles, special editions to journals, edited volumes, and undergraduate anthologies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's increasing acceptance as a field of study within the academy is clearly evident.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“Because it conceptualizes race as situated within the recursive relationship between social structures and cultural representations, racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas racial formation theory (ironically, itself a knowledge project) focuses on racism as a mono-categorical system of power, intersectionality examines social formations of multiple, complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this regard, Black feminism as a knowledge project was both situated within the specific context of the United States and connected to broader, global social justice concerns (Collins 2000, pp. 227-50).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000, pp. 227-50
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eugenics arguments fell out of favor in the post-World War II era, suggesting that counterarguments claiming that race was socially constructed with no connections to biology had prevailed.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(a) intersectionality as a field of study that is situated within the power relations that it studies”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The broader knowledge project provides a set of ideas that provide moments of definitional consensus.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Within racial formation theory, ideas matter, not simply as hegemonic ideologies produced by elites but also as tangible, multiple knowledge projects that are advanced by specific interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race (e.g., racial meanings, representations, and social identities) nor the power relations in which racial meanings are situated.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(b) intersectionality as an analytical strategy that provides new angles of vision on social phenomena”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“within this overarching umbrella, intersectionality can also be profitably conceptualized as a constellation of knowledge projects that change in relation to one another in tandem with changes in the interpretive communities that advance them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Intersectionality can be conceptualized as an overarching knowledge project whose changing contours grow from and respond to social formations of complex social inequalities”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“I analyze intersectionality as a knowledge project whose raison d'être lies in its attentiveness to power relations and social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
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- Rests on an assumption: Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because groups aim to have their interpretations of racial inequality prevail, knowledge lies at the heart of racial projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overarching intersectional frameworks have been so successful because they remain broad and unspecified.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the eugenics projects that advanced widely accepted scientific knowledge about race had significant impact on the public policies of the United States, Germany, and many nation-states.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The strength of racial formation theory lies in how it links specific knowledge projects (racial projects) with historically constructed power relations (racial formations).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Linking power with knowledge, the construct of community provides an important framework for understanding the interpretive communities that advance intersectionality's many knowledge projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Knowledge projects are not free-floating phenomena; they are grounded in specific sociological processes experienced by actual people.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because understanding racial inequality remains central to racial formation theory, it provides intellectual and political space for subordinated social groups such as African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and indigenous peoples.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“(c) intersectionality as critical praxis that informs social justice projects”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A sociology of knowledge framework suggests that knowledge-including knowledge aimed at better understanding intersectionality-is socially constructed and transmitted, legitimated, and reproduced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Balibar 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Berger & Luckmann 1966
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- Not matchedcites Foucault 1980
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hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“intersectional knowledge projects typically focus on three interdependent concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The third focal point emphasizes intersectionality as a form of critical praxis, especially its connections with social justice.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet despite these efforts, the richness of these knowledge projects rarely make it into the legitimated canon of established fields.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They provide the illusion that the constellation of smaller knowledge projects can be uncritically categorized under intersectionality's big tent umbrella.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet intersectionality goes farther than this mono-system analysis, introducing a greater level of complexity into conceptualizing inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Racial formations have distinctive configurations of racial projects for which interest groups advance various interpretations of racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first focal point makes intersectionality as a field of study the object of investigation.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality can build on this foundation by moving beyond a mono-categorical focus on racial inequality to encompass multiple forms of inequality that are organized via a similar logic.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the sets of practitioners that lay claim to intersectionality via multiple cross-cutting and competitive intersectional knowledge projects reveal a lack of consensus about intersectionality's history, current organization, and future directions.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Historically constructed, ever-changing racial formations organize racialized groups, the specific patterns of racial inequality that link racialized populations, and social problems that ensue.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Just as racial formations change in response to racial projects, racial projects change in relation to changing racial formations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality faces a particular definitional dilemma-it participates in the very power relations that it examines and, as a result, must pay special attention to the conditions that make its knowledge claims comprehensible.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's definitional dilemma occurs in this intellectual and political space.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, there is the need for better assessments of pain, suffering, and injury.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In scholarly settings, the critical dimensions of Davis's work open her up to accusations of bias-her analyses of capitalism, neoliberalism, racism, and prisons can read as too polemical and therefore unscholarly.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality is not simply a field of study to be mastered or an analytical strategy for understanding; rather, intersectionality as critical praxis sheds light on the doing of social justice work.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet critical scholarship linked to critical practice such as this is also part of a broader intersectional knowledge project that increasingly transcends the traditional boundaries of academic projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these scholar-activists, intersectionality as a form of critical praxis made sense for their social justice projects aimed at remedying complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the underemphasis on intersectionality as critical praxis within academia most likely reflects efforts to avoid the implicit political implications of intersectionality itself.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Scholars may know less about intersectionality as critical praxis simply because they fail to look for it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Holding fast to the creativity of this dynamic area of inquiry and practice yet finding a common language that will be useful to its practitioners is the cutting-edge definitional dilemma for intersectionality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, in activist venues searching for a critical analysis of social inequality, these same ideas remain wellreceived, precisely because her work remains critical.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, human rights requires more effective tools for identifying the kinds of distinctions that constitute discrimination.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet on the basis of their respective agendas, activist and scholarly circles can interpret Davis's intellectual production differently.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Women's studies assumed an important leadership role by enabling gender scholars who were spread across various disciplines to gather, compare, and contrast the study of women within their distinctive disciplines, and then migrate back into those very same disciplines with this new knowledge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Davis's stature as a public intellectual has provided a platform for her ideas, making it difficult if not impossible to exclude them from academic venues.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, Canadian activist Harsha Walia's (2013) analysis of border imperialism is written for, not about, activists.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walia 2013
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite intersectionality's ongoing definitional ambiguities, intersectionality as a field of study has catalyzed a copious outpouring of new knowledge, much of it produced by researchers, faculty members, and students who use intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > PRODUCING NEW KNOWLEDGE: INTERSECTIONALITY AS AN ANALYTICAL STRATEGY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This underemphasis may be due in part because these areas valorize studying or writing about intersectionality over practicing it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mission statements from the IBPA illustrate the aspirations of social actors who wish to bring intersectionality into public policy areas:”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This rhetorical strategy of mentioning one African American woman as intersectionality's foremother fosters a collective ritual that legitimates this particular origin story.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ideas expressed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights bear a strong family resemblance to strands of intersectionality that are aligned with social justice initiatives.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the intellectual richness of Crenshaw's work, contemporary narratives of the emergence of intersectionality rarely situate her work within this crucial historical juncture linking knowledge projects from social movements advanced by women of color with the institutionalization of race/class/gender studies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As Carbado (2013) points out,”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Carbado 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this context, intersectionality as a knowledge project faces the fundamental challenge of sustaining its critical edge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners are often frontline actors for solving social problems that are clearly linked to complex social inequalities, a social location that predisposes them to respond to intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
In the paper
“For example, Simon Fraser University's Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) initiative, housed at the Institute for Intersectionality Research and Policy, aims to generate research with direct applicability to Canadian health policy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hankivsky 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality as a knowledge project remained unnamed as such during the 1980s, the major decade when its ideas but not its name were incorporated into the US academy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“For example, from her pathbreaking work on women, race, and class to her sustained attention to prison abolition, the storied career of Angela Davis (1981Davis ( , 2012) ) speaks to a sustained engagement with intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Davis 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Davis 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The value of critical praxis reflects the norms of any given interpretive community.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This connection between social justice and remedying complex social inequalities seems more prominent outside academic settings than within them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasingly, intersectionality's ideas can travel across diverse interpretive communities, a shift that has important implications for intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality potentially helps address three main concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Her book is unlikely to be selected for ASA sessions on”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third concern is the search for appropriate reparations and remedies to victims of human rights abuses.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners who would be drawn to intersectionality as critical praxis seek knowledge projects that take a stand; such projects would critique social injustices that characterize complex social inequalities, imagine alternatives, and/or propose viable action strategies for change.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite its ubiquity, intersectionality as critical praxis remains underemphasized within intersectionality as a field of study and within scholarship that draws on intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet groups such as these have a vested interest in drawing upon intersectional frameworks to address social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the visibility of scholars as the public face of intersectionality, practitioners such as hip-hop poets, Afro-Brazilian feminists, IBPA scholar-activists, and intellectual activists such as Angela Davis and Harsha Walia may be equally if not more likely to put forth the innovative, cutting-edge intersectional analyses that will advance the field.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The changing political economy of publishing and social media provides new venues for circulating intersectional analyses both outside and inside academia.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It not only contained an explicit analysis of the interconnectedness of race, class, gender, and sexuality as systems of power, but also constituted one defining moment for the emergence of race/class/gender studies and its subsequent renaming as intersectionality (Collins 2000).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
“The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.
“By now, a general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
“Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
“Typically, these groups are composed of society's overlooked populations, specifically the young, women, people of color, and poor people.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Intersectionality theory suggests that people experience multiple forms of stigma in interlocking systems and structures of oppressive power.9”
From An acceptance-based, intersectional stigma coping intervention for people with HIV who inject drugs—a randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
“Toni Morrison's (1971Morrison's ( , 1987Morrison's ( , 1992) ) books The Bluest Eye and Beloved”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > References
“Morrison T. 1970. The Bluest Eye. New York: Vintage Books”
Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–700 of 2,358
Backer, M. L. D. (2020) · Journal of Gender-Based Violence · doi:10.1332/239868020x15986402157121 · Cited by 18
Math and Science Identity Change and Paths into and out of STEM: Gender and Racial Disparities
Ma, Y., & Xiao, S. (2021) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231211001978 · Cited by 15
“However, critical race theorists argue that the experiences of women of color cannot be sufficiently understood separately in terms of gender or race and advocate for an intersectional perspective (Collins 2015; Crenshaw 1989).”
BackgroundSEXUAL HARASSMENT AT WORK: A LEADERSHIP PROBLEM
McEwen, C., Pullen, A., & Rhodes, C. (2021) · Revista de Administração de Empresas · doi:10.1590/s0034-759020210207 · Cited by 14
“These regimes and systems produce distinctive experiences that render some of us insignificant (Collins, 2015) through the performance and implementation of “practices, processes, actions, and meanings that result in and maintain class, gender, and racial inequalities within particular organizations” (Acker, 2006, p.”
BackgroundVanner, C., & Almanssori, S. (2021) · Pedagogy Culture and Society · doi:10.1080/14681366.2021.2007987 · Cited by 20
“…of Black feminist thinkers in the 1960s and subsequent decades, which centred African American women in its analysis of power relations in the US, eventually provided a framework that has been used to analyse the social, cultural, and political experiences of marginalised groups (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundBurmicky, J. (2022) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education · doi:10.1080/09518398.2022.2025474 · Cited by 17
“…intersectionality for studying historically marginalized populations within the context of power and oppression is important because as Collins (2015) asserts, intersectionality has “ traveled ” across various fields of study, which in some instances has “ watered down ” the full…”
BackgroundGoldberg, A. E., McCormick, N. M., Kironde, E., Virginia, H. J., & Logan, M. (2022) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12867 · Cited by 15
Community forest monitoring and the social reproduction of inequalities in Ghana
Asumang-Yeboah, D., Kumeh, E. M., & Brobbey, L. K. (2022) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.06.008 · Cited by 14
Rethinking professional identity formation amidst protests and social upheaval: a journey in Africa
Mokhachane, M., George, A., Wyatt, T. R., Kuper, A., & Green-Thompson, L. P. (2022) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-022-10164-0 · Cited by 18
“Previous studies explored “layered identities” through social relations such as “structured power, history” and others (Collins, 2015; Johnson, 2021), in which factors like race, gender and ethnicity lead to transient professional identities, in which individuals may be “privileged in one…”
BackgroundWilliams, D. Y., Hall, W. J., Dawes, H. C., Rizo, C. F., & Goldbach, J. T. (2022) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc12060170 · Cited by 15
Acciari, L. (2016) · Mosaico · doi:10.12660/rm.v7n11.2016.64780 · Cited by 16
“As identidades produzidas dentro deste sistema não são apenas um elemento subjetivo/individual, mas o resultado de estruturas de poder (CHO, CRENSHAW, & MCCALL, 2013; HILL COLLINS, 2015).”
BackgroundSubstance Use, Mental Health, and Service Access among Bisexual Adults in Australia
Loi, B., Lea, T., & Howard, J. (2017) · Journal of Bisexuality · doi:10.1080/15299716.2017.1401501 · Cited by 14
“However, Collins ( 2015) reminds us that such constructions may be more complex, as intersectionality theory notes that “race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age all operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in…”
BackgroundLugar, C. W., Garrett-Scott, S., Novičević, M. M., Popoola, I. T., Humphreys, J. H., & Mills, A. J. (2019) · Leadership · doi:10.1177/1742715019870375 · Cited by 17
“Although our study largely emphasized the intersection of race and gender, the numerous other reciprocally constructing phenomena described by Collins (2015) should be further scrutinized in order to determine similar mechanisms that shape multifaceted social disparities.”
BackgroundIntersectional coproduction and infrastructural violence: experiences from Pakistan
Sawas, A., Broto, V. C., Anwar, N. H., & Rehman, A. (2019) · Community Development Journal · doi:10.1093/cdj/bsz027 · Cited by 14
“Intersectional approaches depend on existing knowledge systems, creating an apparent dilemma because intersectionality critiques emerge from the various structures of power and knowledge that they purport to criticize (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundWho Are We Talking To? Situating Construction Engineering and Management Knowledge
Kaminsky, J. (2020) · Journal of Construction Engineering and Management · doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001977 · Cited by 14
Lea, C. H., III, Crumé, H. J., & Hill, D. (2020) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci9120233 · Cited by 15
Clinical Encounters: The Social Justice Question in Intersectional Medicine
Grzanka, P. R., & Brian, J. D. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1557295 · Cited by 14
Sport and migration in the age of superdiversity
Agergaard, S., Darby, P., Falcous, M., et al. (2023) · International Review for the Sociology of Sport · doi:10.1177/10126902231161964 · Cited by 14
“Accordingly, the concept has been expanded to point to the ways in which gender, race, class, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age interact with each other and how such intersecting axes are both constituted by and productive of power relations and social inequities (Collins 1989, 2015).”
BackgroundDubrow, J. K., & Ilinca, C. (2019) · The Politics of Intersectionality · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98473-5_8 · Cited by 15
Rambajue, R., & O’Connor, C. D. (2021) · Journal of Public Child Welfare · doi:10.1080/15548732.2020.1856284 · Cited by 15
“These scholars along with Crenshaw (1989, 1991) and others (Burgess-Proctor, 2006; Cho, Crenshaw, & McCall, 2013; Collins, 1998, 2015; Davis, 2008; Potter, 2013) concur that an individual has multiple social identities including but not limited to: age, class, ethnicity, gender, language, race,…”
BackgroundInfluentialLiévanos, R. S., Evans, C. R., & Light, R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052217 · Cited by 15
“Intersectionality, as defined by Hill Collins [21] (p.”
BackgroundBisson, L. F., Grindstaff, L., Brazil-Cruz, L., & Barbu, S. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85668-7 · Cited by 16
Multidimensional aspects of cooking fuel choices in Indian households
Dutta, J., & Sahu, S. K. (2022) · Energy Ecology and Environment · doi:10.1007/s40974-022-00257-2 · Cited by 13
“Social classifications based on ‘‘race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities’’ (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundMerz, S., Jaehn, P., Pischon, T., Fischer, B., Wirkner, K., Rach, S., Guenther, K., Obi, N., Holmberg, C., the AdvanceGender Study Group, et al. (2023) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/s12939-022-01807-0 · Cited by 14
Bratter, J. L., & Campbell, M. E. (2023) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12504 · Cited by 15
Hill, L. S., Armitage, D. R., Collins, A. M., & Pittman, J. B. (2023) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.2684 · Cited by 15
Thakurta, A. (2023) · English Education · doi:10.58680/ee202332697 · Cited by 13
Lamontagne, E., Leroy, V., Yakusik, A., Parker, W., Howell, S., & Ventelou, B. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17493-8 · Cited by 18
“Discrimination based on sexual orientation intersects with other forms of discrimination towards various groups, including those related to race [15, 16], gender identity [17], age [18], HIV status [19], disability, and socioeconomic status [20, 21].”
BackgroundHealthcare for sex workers—access, barriers, and needs
Faissner, M., Beckmann, L., Freistein, K., Jungilligens, J., & Braun, E. (2024) · Ethik in der Medizin · doi:10.1007/s00481-024-00815-8 · Cited by 14
Intersectionality and discriminatory practices within mental health care
Faissner, M., Gaillard, A.-S., Juckel, G., et al. (2024) · Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13010-024-00159-7 · Cited by 13
Rethinking algorithmic management in minor key: The case of housecleaning platform labour in Denmark
Floros, K. (2024) · Platforms & Society · doi:10.1177/29768624241273468 · Cited by 15
Bozinoff, N., Grennell, E., Soobiah, C., Farhan, Z., Rodak, T., Bucago, C., Kingston, K., Klaiman, M., Poynter, B., Shelton, D., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2024.100899 · Cited by 17
Sisic, M., Tastsoglou, E., Dawson, M., Holtmann, C., Wilkinson, L., & Falconer, C. A. (2024) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2024.1420124 · Cited by 21
“…racialization, gendering and class forming processes (Choo and Ferree, 2010); a “knowledge project” situated within the power relations it studies (Hill Collins, 2015); a “work in progress” inviting researchers and activists to always broaden the scope of work where intersectionality can be…”
BackgroundRainard, M., Büchs, M., Jenkins, K. E. H., & Middlemiss, L. (2024) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2024.103823 · Cited by 17
Lukkien, T., Chauhan, T., & Otaye‐Ebede, L. (2024) · British Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1002/berj.4096 · Cited by 19
Sidloski, M., Reed, M. G., & Andrews-Key, S. A. (2024) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103984 · Cited by 15
Ringrose, J., Ging, D., Mishna, F., Milne, B., Horeck, T., & Mendes, K. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15010081 · Cited by 15
Chan, C. D., Steen, S., Howard, L. C., & Ali, A. I. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05900-2_5 · Cited by 16
Karimi, A. (2020) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/soin.12316 · Cited by 13
Nurse-Family Partnership and Geography: An Intersectional Perspective
Campbell, K., MacKinnon, K., Dobbins, M., Jack, S. M., & for the British Columbia Healthy Connections Project (2020) · Global Qualitative Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/2333393619900888 · Cited by 14
“Recognizing that many definitions exist to explain the concept of intersectionality (Collins, 2015), we use the following description: Intersectionality is a way of understanding and analyzing the complexity in the world, in people, and in human experience.”
MethodTheorizing STEM Education in the 21st Century
Fomunyam, K. G. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.77870 · Cited by 19
Jenderedjian, A., & Bellows, A. C. (2020) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105270 · Cited by 18
Foster, N., Kapiriri, L., Grignon, M., & McKenzie, K. J. (2022) · Journal of Women & Aging · doi:10.1080/08952841.2022.2079925 · Cited by 13
“Since its introduction by Crenshaw (1989), intersectional scholarship has produced knowledge on race, class, and gender particularly in relation to labor markets (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundSambamurthy, N., Main, J. B., Sánchez‐Peña, M. L., Cox, M., & McGee, E. O. (2016) · IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie.2016.7757518 · Cited by 14
The Core of Resistance: Recognising Intersectional Struggle in the Kurdish Women’s Movement
Ferreira, B., & Santiago, V. (2018) · Contexto Internacional · doi:10.1590/s0102-8529.2018400300004 · Cited by 13
The Dual Dependency of Natural-Resource-Rich Labor Markets in Contemporary Society
Mueller, J. T. (2021) · Sociological Theory · doi:10.1177/07352751211001920 · Cited by 12
“Important to note, people at the intersections of these historically oppressed groups will feel these negative effects the most (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundTanksley, T., Smith, A. D. R., Sharma, S., & Huff, E. W. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713510 · Cited by 19
Multiple Marginalized Identities, Minority Stress, and Mental Health
Rubin‐McGregor, J., Heitt, J., & Hunger, J. M. (2025) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.70077 · Cited by 16
Calling Social Work to the Movement for Educational Justice
Ball, A. R. (2020) · Social Work Research · doi:10.1093/swr/svaa014 · Cited by 12
Understanding Farmworker Fluid Intake Using Intersectionality Theory
Mizelle, E., Larson, K. L., & Doherty, C. L. (2022) · NEW SOLUTIONS A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy · doi:10.1177/10482911221078964 · Cited by 12
Kara, H., Jäppinen, M., Nordberg, C., & Riitaoja, A.-L. (2022) · Qualitative Social Work · doi:10.1177/14733250221088421 · Cited by 12
“From the outset, our ‘intersectional’ (e.g. Hill Collins, 2015; Mattsson, 2014) locations positioned us as part of the institutional context.”
BackgroundBaz, S. A. (2023) · Qualitative Research · doi:10.1177/14687941231165893 · Cited by 17
“Taking a true intersectionality approach in fl uenced by the works of key Black feminist and intersectional thinkers (Crenshaw, 1991; Collins, 1986, 2015; Brah, 1996; McCall, 2005) there was a focus on locating subjective lived experiences within the broader structures of power in which participants…”
BackgroundThe maze: Reflections on navigating intersectional identities in the workplace
Gottardello, D. (2023) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.13030 · Cited by 16
Journeying towards decolonising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander oral health re‐search
Hedges, J., Poirier, B., Soares, G. H., Haag, D. G., Sethi, S., Santiago, P. H. R., Cachagee, M., & Jamieson, L. (2023) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/cdoe.12881 · Cited by 15
Jones, B. H., King, P. T., Baker, G., Nīkora, L. W., Hickey, H., Perry, M., Pouwhare, R., & Ingham, T. R. (2023) · Kōtuitui New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online · doi:10.1080/1177083x.2023.2224422 · Cited by 18
“…team and using an intersectional analysis deriving from the knowledge and social justice projects of feminist activities and scholars from Black, Indigenous, Asian American, Indo Canadian, Chicanx and Latinix communities (King 1988; Crenshaw 1991; Carbado et al. 2013; Collins 2015; Hancock 2016).”
MethodSingh, H., Fakembe, P., Brown, R. K., Cameron, J. I., Nelson, M. L. A., Kokorelias, K. M., Nekolaichuk, E., Salbach, N. M., Munce, S., Tang, T., et al. (2023) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-023-01725-z · Cited by 14
“…considers the complex interaction between various elements (e.g. gender, sex, ethnicity) that interact to share one’s experience in the world [95–97], may help effectively address the individual needs of diverse populations of African descent, as their needs and experiences are shaped by…”
BackgroundArias-Uriona, A. M., Losantos, M., & Bedoya, P. (2023) · Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública · doi:10.26633/rpsp.2023.133 · Cited by 16
“Las personas pueden experimentar los beneficios del privilegio de un sistema de poder y estratificación; por ejemplo, ser mujer blanca en términos de etnia, mientras experimenta la desventaja del sistema de género, por ejemplo, ser mujer en relación con los roles de género (16).”
BackgroundInfluentialO’Laughlin, K. N., Klabbers, R. E., Mannan, I. E., Gentile, N. L., Geyer, R. E., Zheng, Z., Yu, H., Li, S., Chan, K. C. G., Spatz, E. S., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1324636 · Cited by 12
“Converging systems of oppression for ethnic and racial minoritized populations magnified health disparities (21, 22).”
BackgroundIs the Future Female? Lessons from a Conjoint Experiment on Voter Preferences in Six Arab Countries
Lust, E., & Benstead, L. J. (2024) · Comparative Political Studies · doi:10.1177/00104140241237462 · Cited by 14
“Intersectional theory posits that when individuals belong to two or more minority identity groups, each identity “ operate[s] not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities ” (Collins, 2015, p. 2).”
Güner, Ş. S., & Abbas, T. (2024) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2024.2348003 · Cited by 14
“Collins further developed this concept, referring to it as “the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age do not operate as single and mutually exclusive entities but as mutually constructed phenomena” (Collins 2015, 2).”
Using the Ideal/Nonideal Distinction in Philosophy of Language (and Elsewhere)
Engelhardt, J., & Moran, M. (2024) · Australasian Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1080/00048402.2024.2403762 · Cited by 12
Exploring intersectional interculturality in contexts of cultural pluriformity
Pöllmann, A. (2025) · Intercultural Education · doi:10.1080/14675986.2025.2484515 · Cited by 14
“…of intersectional intercul-turality in the course of which ‘race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequal-ities’ (Collins 2015, 2).”
Homsy, G. C., & Kang, K. E. (2025) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2025.104207 · Cited by 16
Racial and Ethnic Health Inequities: An Intersectional Approach
Weber, L., Zambrana, R. E., Fore, M. E., & Parra-Medina, D. M. (2018) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76757-4_8 · Cited by 15
Interpersonal Violence in Immigrant Women in Portugal: An Intersectional Approach
Gonçalves, M., & de Matos, M. A. V. (2019) · Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies · doi:10.1080/15562948.2018.1557312 · Cited by 13
“All those dimensions’ act not as mutually exclusive units or entities, but whose reciprocal interaction produces complex and dynamic social inequalities (Bilge, 2010; Collins, 2015; Collins & Bilge, 2016).”
BackgroundJihadism from a Subcultural Perspective
Larsen, J. F., & Jensen, S. Q. (2019) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-019-09470-8 · Cited by 16
“These accounts constitute a diverse theoretical tradition, unified by an analytical interest in social complexity and issues of power and dominance (Collins 2015; see also Henne and Troshynski 2019).”
BackgroundPerspectives on person-centred care for borderline personality disorder: a critical research agenda
Duff, C., Kokanović, R., Flore, J., Thomas, S. D. M., Callard, F. J., & Blackman, L. M. (2020) · Health Sociology Review · doi:10.1080/14461242.2020.1715815 · Cited by 13
“A commitment to intersectionality requires not a suspension of knowledge claims but a flattening of the ontological and epistemological ground on which these claims appear (Collins, 2015).”
Studying Children using Ethnography: Heightened Challenges and Balancing Acts
Harvey, P. F., & Lareau, A. P. (2020) · Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique · doi:10.1177/0759106320908220 · Cited by 12
“For further examples and discussion of the challenges of negotiating identities in research, see Choo and Ferree (2010), Collins (2015), Moore (2001), Pascoe (2011), Twine and Warren (2000) and Van Ausdale and Feagin (1996).”
BackgroundRacialized Affectivities of (Un)Belonging: Mixed (Race) Couples in the Shadow of Brexit
Zambelli, E. (2020) · Genealogy · doi:10.3390/genealogy4030083 · Cited by 12
Pacheco‐Forés, S. I., Morehart, C. T., Buikstra, J. E., Gordon, G. W., & Knudson, K. J. (2020) · Journal of Anthropological Archaeology · doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2020.101263 · Cited by 12
Brodmerkel, S., & Barker, R. (2021) · Creative Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/17510694.2021.1911536 · Cited by 12
“Multi-level theories are similar to intersectionality theory (Crenshaw 1991; McCall 2005; Collins 2015) in that they reject mono-causal, unidirectional explanations for unequal outcomes.”
BackgroundFinneran, C. A., Johnson‐Peretz, J., Blemur, D. M., Palefsky, J. M., & Flowers, L. (2021) · Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) · doi:10.1177/23259582211016134 · Cited by 13
“The use of an intersectional approach could further the integration of biological determinants of health and social determinants to provide more precise evidence for the causal nature of health behavior.(69,70) Further studies that use intersectionality as an analytical strategy could provide a fresh lens on this popu…”
BackgroundKaraman, N., & Christian, M. M. (2021) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/soin.12454 · Cited by 12
DESIGNING FOR DIVERSITY: INCLUSIVE SAMPLING
Roscoe, R. D. (2021) · Ergodesign & HCI · doi:10.22570/ergodesignhci.v9i1.1502 · Cited by 16
“These categories combine and intersect with significant ramifications for inequity, discrimination, and oppression (Bowleg, 2008; Cole, 2009; Collins, 2015; ElseQuest & Hyde, 2016a, 2016b).”
BackgroundClassroom Practices that Support Minoritized Engineering Students’ Sense of Belonging (Research)
Rainey, A., Verdín, D., & Smith, J. M. (2021) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--36797 · Cited by 12
Re-defining stigmatization: intersectional stigma of single mothers in Thailand
Zhang, H. (2022) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2022.2035797 · Cited by 12
“…as a possible overlapping category of multiple oppressions and marginalization, my research corroborates the findings of other feminist scholars (Collins, 2015; Nash, 2008) in rejecting the view that stigma against single mothers can be seen as a homogeneous, analogous and monolithic experience.”
The importance of race, gender, and religion in naturalization adjudication in the United States
Ryo, E., & Humphrey, R. H. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2114430119 · Cited by 11
Runderkamp, Z., van der Pas, D., Schotel, A. L., & Mügge, L. M. (2022) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s1755773922000339 · Cited by 14
“We employ intersectional analysis (Crenshaw, 1991; Collins, 2015) to show how ‘axes of identity such as race and gender are both mutually constituted and mutually constitutive’ (Ward, 2016: 318).”
MethodIntersectional organizing: Building solidarity through radical confrontation
Lee, T. L., & Tapia, M. (2022) · Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy and Society · doi:10.1111/irel.12322 · Cited by 15
Tan, R. K. J., Tang, W., & Tucker, J. D. (2022) · Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS · doi:10.1097/coh.0000000000000769 · Cited by 11
“2022 Wolters Kluwer H theoriesofminority stress [10], theHIV stigma framework [11], syndemic theory [12] and intersectionality-informedpolicy and implementation frameworks [13,14].”
BackgroundReflections on addressing antisemitism in a Canadian faculty of medicine
Kuper, A. (2022) · Canadian Medical Education Journal · doi:10.36834/cmej.76086 · Cited by 16
Race, Ethnicity, and the Case for Intersectional Water Security
Harrington, C., Montana, P., Schmidt, J. J., & Swain, A. (2023) · Global Environmental Politics · doi:10.1162/glep_a_00702 · Cited by 13
“Understanding how inequality operates empirically, intersectionality orients attention to race, class, gender, ethnicity, nation, ability, colonialism, and so on not as mutually exclusive but as co-constituted phenomena (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundHan, E., & Lee, I. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health Counseling · doi:10.17744/mehc.45.3.03 · Cited by 12
Intersectionality as a tool for clinical ethics consultation in mental healthcare
Faissner, M., Brünig, L., Gaillard, A.-S., Jieman, A.-T., Gather, J., & Hempeler, C. (2024) · Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13010-024-00156-w · Cited by 14
Wade, J. (2017) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-017-0383-8 · Cited by 12
“It is also important to note that, although the doing difference framework does not describe the effect of age in any detail, sociologist [20] suggested that age is another aspect of our identities which is constantly subjected to accountability.”
BackgroundAdvocacy for women migrant workers in Malaysia through an intersectionality lens
Miles, L., Lewis, S., Teng, L. W., & Yasin, S. M. (2019) · Journal of Industrial Relations · doi:10.1177/0022185618814580 · Cited by 13
“These aspects of identity are not ‘unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but rather . . . reciprocally constructing phenomena’ (Collins, 2015: 2).”
BackgroundDover, M. A. (2019) · Humanity & Society · doi:10.1177/0160597619832623 · Cited by 12
“Collins (2015:4) recognized that two or more “structural forms of power” can coexist and eschewed single-axis thinking (Cho, Crenshaw, and McCall 2013).”
BackgroundVanishment: Girls, Punishment, and the Education State
Vaught, S. E. (2019) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811912100706 · Cited by 12
“To initiate questions into the silences, here I return to a moment over a quarter century ago, when Kimberlé Crenshaw (1991) marshaled what became an uninterrupted, direly urgent call to radically pivot research and discourses toward a frame that would account for the erasure of the experiential, material conditions o…”
BackgroundInfluentialIntersectional Analysis as a Method to Analyze Popular Culture: Clarity in the Matrix
Edwards, E. B., & Esposito, J. (2019) · Cited by 12
Intersecting inequalities and prospects for community development
Howard, J., Franco, E. L., & Shaw, J. (2019) · Community Development Journal · doi:10.1093/cdj/bsz035 · Cited by 13
Green, A., Abbott, P., Luckett, T., Davidson, P. M., Delaney, J., Delaney, P., Gunasekera, H., & DiGiacomo, M. L. (2020) · Journal of Child Health Care · doi:10.1177/1367493520919305 · Cited by 12
“Intersectionality refers to categories of identity which mutually construct each other to inform experiences of discrimination and oppression (Collins, 2015; Hankivsky and Christoffersen, 2008).”
BackgroundTouch and contact during COVID‐19: Insights from queer digital spaces
Cheded, M., & Skandalis, A. (2021) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12697 · Cited by 12
“By intersectional approach, we refer to “the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but rather as reciprocally constructing phenomena” (Collins, 2015, p. 1).”
BackgroundESRI, McGinnity, F., Quinn, E. K., ESRI, McCullough, E., ESRI, Enright, S., ESRI, Curristan, S., & ESRI (2021) · doi:10.26504/sustat110 · Cited by 17
Medical Sociology and Sociological Theory
Cockerham, W. C., & Scambler, G. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119633808.ch2 · Cited by 15
Valenzuela-Barreras, J. F., & Téllez, M. E. A. (2022) · ESTUDIOS FRONTERIZOS · doi:10.21670/ref.2223107 · Cited by 11
Ljunggren, B., & Eidevald, C. (2022) · Gender and Education · doi:10.1080/09540253.2022.2142531 · Cited by 16
“They assess the embodied practices of others (women) and understand the aging body with a ‘gaze’ that represents and reproduces intersecting power structures (Crenshaw 1991; Collins 2015), particularly in relation to play.”
BackgroundInfluentialEdwards, Z. (2023) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/23326492231152917 · Cited by 11
“While the theory/concept/paradigm/methodology of intersectionality was once marginalized in the social sciences, it has proliferated, expanded, and become an established and legitimate field of study and practice both within and outside of the academy (Collins 2015; Fernandes 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialImposter Phenomenon: The Occupational Experiences of First-Generation College Students
McCarthy, K., Chavez, K., Gastelum, K., Gomez, J., Salas, J., Severson, Y., & Zabat, J. (2023) · The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.15453/2168-6408.2011 · Cited by 17
Hawkins, I., Roden, J., Attal, M., & Aqel, H. (2023) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/jqad023 · Cited by 13
Delk, J., Bensley, K. M., Ye, Y., Subbaraman, M. S., Phillips, A. Z., Karriker‐Jaffe, K. J., & Mulia, N. (2024) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.15243 · Cited by 11
Carreri, A., Naldini, M., & Tuselli, A. (2024) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci13030162 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Collins, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-1315;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-08-14
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W2148974647
- Semantic Scholar
- 48116d925a63de9e9dd793450a6ed59d51767d35
- Cited by
- 2,419
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 254 · 2025: 320 · 2024: 325 · 2023: 295 · 2022: 287 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 220 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 28.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- intersectionality, power relations, social inequality, race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, disability, age, critical praxis, social justice, knowledge production
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