The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 25 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas
Open accessAbstract
Defines intersectionality as a knowledge project attentive to power relations and notes that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age are reciprocally constructing phenomena.
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Claims the paper makes
62 Own interpretation · 13 Sources not found · 13 No basis given · 8 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet
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In the paper
“The growth and institutionalization of intersectionality can also be measured by the arrival of undergraduate readers whose purpose is to introduce intersectionality to students and the lay public.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“in a postgenomic age, the resurgence of race in science, law, and medicine points to the resiliency of biological understandings of race within contemporary racial projects of science itself, typically without racially discriminatory intent (Duster 2015).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Duster 2015 source
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In the paper
“African American intellectual production has a storied history of protesting both the social structural dimensions of racism and the cultural representations of people of African descent (Kelley 2002).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kelley 2002
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In the paper
“contemporary color-blind racism constitutes a differently organized yet equally powerful racial formation that manages to replicate racial hierarchies, often without overt attention to race itself”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bonilla-Silva 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Brown et al. 2003
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this theory makes room for multiple interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Instead, Black feminism's immediate concern in the United States was to empower African American women through critical analyses of how mutually constructing systems of oppression of race, class, gender, and sexuality framed the social issues and social inequalities that Black women faced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the United States, the racial formation of color-conscious racism has relied on a deep-seated logic of segregation that was applied to all aspects of social structures and cultural representations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Such groups find intellectual and political space within racial formation theory for the group-based knowledge of racial projects that oppose racial hierarchy and racial inequality (Collins 1998a, pp. 201-28).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1998a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through its analysis of racial projects, racial formation theory can account for change in ways that retain the agency of individual human actors and group-based action.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Racial formation theory offers social actors guidance as to how their individual and collective actions matter in shaping racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several special editions of journals have also been devoted to various aspects of intersectionality as a field of study.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Monographs too numerous to cite here use the term intersectionality, as well as various combinations of the terms race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and ability in their titles”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By the early 2000s, heightened interest in intersectionality fostered a blizzard of journal articles, special editions to journals, edited volumes, and undergraduate anthologies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's increasing acceptance as a field of study within the academy is clearly evident.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“Because it conceptualizes race as situated within the recursive relationship between social structures and cultural representations, racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas racial formation theory (ironically, itself a knowledge project) focuses on racism as a mono-categorical system of power, intersectionality examines social formations of multiple, complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this regard, Black feminism as a knowledge project was both situated within the specific context of the United States and connected to broader, global social justice concerns (Collins 2000, pp. 227-50).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000, pp. 227-50
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eugenics arguments fell out of favor in the post-World War II era, suggesting that counterarguments claiming that race was socially constructed with no connections to biology had prevailed.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(a) intersectionality as a field of study that is situated within the power relations that it studies”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The broader knowledge project provides a set of ideas that provide moments of definitional consensus.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Within racial formation theory, ideas matter, not simply as hegemonic ideologies produced by elites but also as tangible, multiple knowledge projects that are advanced by specific interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race (e.g., racial meanings, representations, and social identities) nor the power relations in which racial meanings are situated.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(b) intersectionality as an analytical strategy that provides new angles of vision on social phenomena”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“within this overarching umbrella, intersectionality can also be profitably conceptualized as a constellation of knowledge projects that change in relation to one another in tandem with changes in the interpretive communities that advance them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Intersectionality can be conceptualized as an overarching knowledge project whose changing contours grow from and respond to social formations of complex social inequalities”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“I analyze intersectionality as a knowledge project whose raison d'être lies in its attentiveness to power relations and social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
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- Rests on an assumption: Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because groups aim to have their interpretations of racial inequality prevail, knowledge lies at the heart of racial projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overarching intersectional frameworks have been so successful because they remain broad and unspecified.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the eugenics projects that advanced widely accepted scientific knowledge about race had significant impact on the public policies of the United States, Germany, and many nation-states.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The strength of racial formation theory lies in how it links specific knowledge projects (racial projects) with historically constructed power relations (racial formations).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Linking power with knowledge, the construct of community provides an important framework for understanding the interpretive communities that advance intersectionality's many knowledge projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Knowledge projects are not free-floating phenomena; they are grounded in specific sociological processes experienced by actual people.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because understanding racial inequality remains central to racial formation theory, it provides intellectual and political space for subordinated social groups such as African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and indigenous peoples.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“(c) intersectionality as critical praxis that informs social justice projects”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A sociology of knowledge framework suggests that knowledge-including knowledge aimed at better understanding intersectionality-is socially constructed and transmitted, legitimated, and reproduced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Balibar 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Berger & Luckmann 1966
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- Not matchedcites Foucault 1980
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hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“intersectional knowledge projects typically focus on three interdependent concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The third focal point emphasizes intersectionality as a form of critical praxis, especially its connections with social justice.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet despite these efforts, the richness of these knowledge projects rarely make it into the legitimated canon of established fields.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They provide the illusion that the constellation of smaller knowledge projects can be uncritically categorized under intersectionality's big tent umbrella.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet intersectionality goes farther than this mono-system analysis, introducing a greater level of complexity into conceptualizing inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Racial formations have distinctive configurations of racial projects for which interest groups advance various interpretations of racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first focal point makes intersectionality as a field of study the object of investigation.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality can build on this foundation by moving beyond a mono-categorical focus on racial inequality to encompass multiple forms of inequality that are organized via a similar logic.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the sets of practitioners that lay claim to intersectionality via multiple cross-cutting and competitive intersectional knowledge projects reveal a lack of consensus about intersectionality's history, current organization, and future directions.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Historically constructed, ever-changing racial formations organize racialized groups, the specific patterns of racial inequality that link racialized populations, and social problems that ensue.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Just as racial formations change in response to racial projects, racial projects change in relation to changing racial formations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality faces a particular definitional dilemma-it participates in the very power relations that it examines and, as a result, must pay special attention to the conditions that make its knowledge claims comprehensible.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's definitional dilemma occurs in this intellectual and political space.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, there is the need for better assessments of pain, suffering, and injury.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In scholarly settings, the critical dimensions of Davis's work open her up to accusations of bias-her analyses of capitalism, neoliberalism, racism, and prisons can read as too polemical and therefore unscholarly.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality is not simply a field of study to be mastered or an analytical strategy for understanding; rather, intersectionality as critical praxis sheds light on the doing of social justice work.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet critical scholarship linked to critical practice such as this is also part of a broader intersectional knowledge project that increasingly transcends the traditional boundaries of academic projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these scholar-activists, intersectionality as a form of critical praxis made sense for their social justice projects aimed at remedying complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the underemphasis on intersectionality as critical praxis within academia most likely reflects efforts to avoid the implicit political implications of intersectionality itself.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Scholars may know less about intersectionality as critical praxis simply because they fail to look for it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Holding fast to the creativity of this dynamic area of inquiry and practice yet finding a common language that will be useful to its practitioners is the cutting-edge definitional dilemma for intersectionality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, in activist venues searching for a critical analysis of social inequality, these same ideas remain wellreceived, precisely because her work remains critical.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, human rights requires more effective tools for identifying the kinds of distinctions that constitute discrimination.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet on the basis of their respective agendas, activist and scholarly circles can interpret Davis's intellectual production differently.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Women's studies assumed an important leadership role by enabling gender scholars who were spread across various disciplines to gather, compare, and contrast the study of women within their distinctive disciplines, and then migrate back into those very same disciplines with this new knowledge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Davis's stature as a public intellectual has provided a platform for her ideas, making it difficult if not impossible to exclude them from academic venues.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, Canadian activist Harsha Walia's (2013) analysis of border imperialism is written for, not about, activists.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walia 2013
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite intersectionality's ongoing definitional ambiguities, intersectionality as a field of study has catalyzed a copious outpouring of new knowledge, much of it produced by researchers, faculty members, and students who use intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > PRODUCING NEW KNOWLEDGE: INTERSECTIONALITY AS AN ANALYTICAL STRATEGY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This underemphasis may be due in part because these areas valorize studying or writing about intersectionality over practicing it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mission statements from the IBPA illustrate the aspirations of social actors who wish to bring intersectionality into public policy areas:”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This rhetorical strategy of mentioning one African American woman as intersectionality's foremother fosters a collective ritual that legitimates this particular origin story.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ideas expressed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights bear a strong family resemblance to strands of intersectionality that are aligned with social justice initiatives.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the intellectual richness of Crenshaw's work, contemporary narratives of the emergence of intersectionality rarely situate her work within this crucial historical juncture linking knowledge projects from social movements advanced by women of color with the institutionalization of race/class/gender studies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As Carbado (2013) points out,”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Carbado 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this context, intersectionality as a knowledge project faces the fundamental challenge of sustaining its critical edge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners are often frontline actors for solving social problems that are clearly linked to complex social inequalities, a social location that predisposes them to respond to intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
In the paper
“For example, Simon Fraser University's Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) initiative, housed at the Institute for Intersectionality Research and Policy, aims to generate research with direct applicability to Canadian health policy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hankivsky 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality as a knowledge project remained unnamed as such during the 1980s, the major decade when its ideas but not its name were incorporated into the US academy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“For example, from her pathbreaking work on women, race, and class to her sustained attention to prison abolition, the storied career of Angela Davis (1981Davis ( , 2012) ) speaks to a sustained engagement with intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Davis 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Davis 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The value of critical praxis reflects the norms of any given interpretive community.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This connection between social justice and remedying complex social inequalities seems more prominent outside academic settings than within them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasingly, intersectionality's ideas can travel across diverse interpretive communities, a shift that has important implications for intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality potentially helps address three main concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Her book is unlikely to be selected for ASA sessions on”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third concern is the search for appropriate reparations and remedies to victims of human rights abuses.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners who would be drawn to intersectionality as critical praxis seek knowledge projects that take a stand; such projects would critique social injustices that characterize complex social inequalities, imagine alternatives, and/or propose viable action strategies for change.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite its ubiquity, intersectionality as critical praxis remains underemphasized within intersectionality as a field of study and within scholarship that draws on intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet groups such as these have a vested interest in drawing upon intersectional frameworks to address social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the visibility of scholars as the public face of intersectionality, practitioners such as hip-hop poets, Afro-Brazilian feminists, IBPA scholar-activists, and intellectual activists such as Angela Davis and Harsha Walia may be equally if not more likely to put forth the innovative, cutting-edge intersectional analyses that will advance the field.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The changing political economy of publishing and social media provides new venues for circulating intersectional analyses both outside and inside academia.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It not only contained an explicit analysis of the interconnectedness of race, class, gender, and sexuality as systems of power, but also constituted one defining moment for the emergence of race/class/gender studies and its subsequent renaming as intersectionality (Collins 2000).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
“The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.
“By now, a general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
“Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
“Typically, these groups are composed of society's overlooked populations, specifically the young, women, people of color, and poor people.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Intersectionality theory suggests that people experience multiple forms of stigma in interlocking systems and structures of oppressive power.9”
From An acceptance-based, intersectional stigma coping intervention for people with HIV who inject drugs—a randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
“Toni Morrison's (1971Morrison's ( , 1987Morrison's ( , 1992) ) books The Bluest Eye and Beloved”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > References
“Morrison T. 1970. The Bluest Eye. New York: Vintage Books”
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 2,358
Fluid Intake and Hydration Status Among North Carolina Farmworkers: A Mixed Methods Study
Mizelle, E., Larson, K. L., Bolin, L. P., et al. (2022) · Workplace Health & Safety · doi:10.1177/21650799221117273 · Cited by 18
Identifying rental discrimination on the Flemish housing market: an intersectional approach
Ghekiere, A., Martiniello, B. A. M., & Verhaeghe, P. (2023) · Ethnic and Racial Studies · doi:10.1080/01419870.2023.2177120 · Cited by 22
“This might lead to an underestimation of overall levels of rental discrimination, as multiple personal features may coexist and even reinforce the level of discrimination (Collins 2015; Crenshaw 1989).”
BackgroundHull, S. J., Massie, J. S., Holt, S. L., & Bowleg, L. (2023) · Health Promotion Practice · doi:10.1177/15248399231160447 · Cited by 25
“There is burgeoning advocacy (Cho et al., 2013; Collins, 2015; Hogan et al., 2013) about the need to emphasize intersectionality’s potential for praxis, or practicing mutualism “between theory, research, personal experiences and practice” (Ford & Airhihenbuwa, 2010, p.”
BackgroundIslam, F., Bailey, S., & Netto, G. (2024) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp.2024.0308 · Cited by 18
History, aspirations, and transformations of intersectionality: Focusing on gender.
Mays, V. M., & Ghavami, N. (2017) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/0000059-028 · Cited by 20
“The challenge for psychology in its attempt to engage the production of new knowledge from intersectionality is whether it will accept new methods and approaches as equally legitimate (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialPrivilege in place: How organisational practices contribute to meshing privilege in place
Crevani, L. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2018.09.002 · Cited by 18
Geller, P. L. (2021) · Bioarchaeology and social theory · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70704-0_4 · Cited by 19
“There’s Hardly Anything Left”: Poverty and the Economic Insecurity of Elderly Filipinos in Toronto
Coloma, R. S., & Pino, F. (2016) · Canadian ethnic studies · doi:10.1353/ces.2016.0014 · Cited by 18
Contesting Brexit Masculinities: Pro‐European Activists and Feminist EU Citizenship*
Galpin, C. (2021) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/jcms.13216 · Cited by 20
Warner, L. R. (2016) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684316655453 · Cited by 18
“As Collins (2015) asserts, ‘‘intersectionality is not simply a field of study to be mastered or an analytical strategy for understanding; rather, intersectionality as critical praxis sheds light on the doing of social justice work’’ (p. 16).”
BackgroundInfluentialVasquez, J. M. (2017) · Symbolic Interaction · doi:10.1002/symb.305 · Cited by 23
Lee, R., & Zhu, Y. (2020) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599.2020.1804326 · Cited by 17
“It aims to study the multiple forms of inequality and identity that are interrelated in different contexts and timeframes (Crenshaw 1989; Collins 2015; Gillborn 2015; Rod o-de-Z arate 2017).”
BackgroundVoci, S. C., Veldhuizen, S., Tien, S., Barker, M., Minian, N., Selby, P. L., & Zawertailo, L. A. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab082 · Cited by 17
Oldroyd, J. C., Kabir, A., Dzakpasu, F. Q. S., Mahmud, H., Rana, J., & Islam, R. M. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13595 · Cited by 17
Party, Race, and Neutrality: Investigating the Interdependence of Attitudes toward Social Groups
Brensinger, J., & Sotoudeh, R. (2022) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00031224221135797 · Cited by 20
“Yet, as scholars of intersectionality have shown, social life is considerably more complicated than this, with many (if not most) identities inadequately represented by a two-group paradigm (Best et al. 2011; Collins 2015).”
BackgroundLiebman, A., Katz, L., & Marston, A. (2023) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/03091325221149721 · Cited by 17
“…with a proliferation of scholarship by Black feminists on the interlocking nature of oppression, known now as “intersectionality” (Combahee River Collective, 2017; Crenshaw, 1991; Davis, 1981; for a discussion of the conceptual multiplicity of intersectionality see Collins, 2015; Nash, 2008, 2019).”
BackgroundPrototypicality at the intersection of gender and sexual orientation
Klysing, A. (2023) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12645 · Cited by 20
Bowen, S., Hardison‐Moody, A., Oceguera, E. C., & Elliott, S. (2023) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spad013 · Cited by 17
Discrimination in the Workplace in Canada
Nangia, P., & Arora, T. (2021) · The Canadian Journal of Sociology · doi:10.29173/cjs29736 · Cited by 22
Through the Decades: Critical Race Theory and Pathways Forward in Sport Sociology Research
Howe, J. E., Keaton, A. C. I., Foster, S. J. L., & Williams, A. L. (2023) · Sociology of Sport Journal · doi:10.1123/ssj.2023-0004 · Cited by 22
“Jamieson (1998) drew upon Chicana and Black feminist concepts like “ outsider within ” (Collins, 2015) to examine the intersectional experiences of a Latina professional golfer, Nancy Lopez.”
BackgroundSustainable Development Goals and Gender Equality: A Social Design Approach on Gender-Based Violence
Lima, R., & Guedes, G. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16020914 · Cited by 17
de Mesa, M. E. F., Marcu, A., Ream, E., & Whitaker, K. L. (2024) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2024.2361642 · Cited by 18
Gallagher, K., & Rodricks, D. J. (2017) · Youth Theatre Journal · doi:10.1080/08929092.2017.1370625 · Cited by 21
“Through these microencounters, we demonstrate how youth can shift the landscape of traditional learning and explore avenues where different, relational, and more complex intersectional (Collins 2015; Crenshaw 1989) possibilities for “having” a voice may exist.”
BackgroundOcean Science and the British Cold War State
Robinson, S. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73096-7 · Cited by 17
Harrison, G., Pegoraro, A. L., Romney, M., et al. (2019) · Howard Journal of Communications · doi:10.1080/10646175.2019.1608483 · Cited by 17
“This “intersectional” sensibility has been in existence for centuries, the concept finally received recognition when Kimberle Crenshaw published “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color” in the Stanford Law Review in 1991 (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialWorkplace Gender Pay Gaps: Does Gender Matter Less the Longer Employees Stay?
Kronberg, A. (2019) · Work and Occupations · doi:10.1177/0730888419868748 · Cited by 19
“Extensive intersectional research demonstrated how the gender effect on employment outcomes depends on employees’ race (e.g., Acker, 2006; Browne & Misra, 2003; Collins, 2015; Greenman & Xie, 2008; Mandel & Semyonov, 2016).”
BackgroundThe Intersections of Race and Gender for Latina Midlevel Leaders
Garcia, L. R. (2020) · New Directions for Community Colleges · doi:10.1002/cc.20412 · Cited by 17
Peña, A. B. (2020) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-020-09516-2 · Cited by 17
“The meaning of intersectionality, the multiplicity of strategies, and the methodological challenges of conducting intersectional analyses have been discussed by different scholars in recent years (see, e.g., Henne and Troshynski 2019; Hill Collins 2015; McCall 2005; Yuval-Davis 2006).”
BackgroundGuerreras y Puentes: the theory and praxis of Latina(x) activism
Montoya, C., & Seminario, M. G. (2020) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2020.1821233 · Cited by 21
“…movements and academic politics, based on the critical insight that “race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities” (Collins 2011, 2015, 2).”
BackgroundFamily change in China: a-70 year perspective
Yang, J., & Du, S. (2020) · China Population and Development Studies · doi:10.1007/s42379-020-00068-0 · Cited by 17
#FeministAntibodies: Asian American Media in the Time of Coronavirus
Kuo, R., Zhang, A., Shaw, V., & Wang, C. (2020) · Social Media + Society · doi:10.1177/2056305120978364 · Cited by 20
“While some early media accounts of the pandemic expressed hope for shared unity, the crisis exposed how combined factors including race, ethnicity, religion, class, gender, and other defining factors (Collins, 2015) differentially shape people’s experiences.”
BackgroundSánchez‐Peña, M. L., Main, J. B., Sambamurthy, N., Cox, M., & McGee, E. O. (2016) · IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie.2016.7757519 · Cited by 17
“Intersectionality recognizes the multiple dimensions of oppression experienced by minority women, which are simultaneously marginalized by means of their gender and their race [12].”
BackgroundLuoma, J. B., Rossi, S. L., Sereda, Y., Pavlov, N., Toussova, O., Vetrova, M., Bendiks, S., Kiriazova, T., Krupitsky, E., Lioznov, D., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100611 · Cited by 16
Vu, M. C., & Burton, N. (2023) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-023-05457-2 · Cited by 20
“For instance, placing marginalized groups and their perspectives at the center of studies of inclusion (Choo & Ferree, 2010) and utilizing intersectionality as an analytical tool can illuminate where oppressions and privileges exist (Cho et al., 2013; Collins, 2015).”
Joo, H., Lee, H., & Rodriguez, B. (2023) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2023.2248875 · Cited by 18
“Youths’ identities operate not as mutually exclusive entities but as reciprocally constructing phenomena (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundOnoshakpor, C. M., Cunningham, J., & Gammie, E. (2024) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-04-2023-0334 · Cited by 26
Parmenter, J. G., Wong, E. G., Khan, N. S., Pradell, L. R., & Galliher, R. V. (2024) · Feminism & Psychology · doi:10.1177/09593535241238073 · Cited by 23
“Intersectional scholars continue to ask researchers to move beyond solely identifying experiences of marginalization by also capturing people ’ s strategies and enactments of resistance (Collins, 2000, 2015; Moradi & Grzanka, 2017; Rosenthal, 2016).”
An intersectional life course approach to explore the narratives of ageing migrant women
Tunçer, M. (2024) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2024.101267 · Cited by 16
Rocha‐Jiménez, T., Torres, I., Cabieses, B., V, et al. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2025.101040 · Cited by 16
Advancing the Scientific Study of Structural Racism: Concepts, Measures, and Methods
Brown, T. H., Homan, P., & Ray, V. E. (2025) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-090924-021305 · Cited by 20
McNamara, K. E., & Clissold, R. (2019) · Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography · doi:10.1111/sjtg.12280 · Cited by 18
Bowen, E. A., Ball, A. R., Jones, A. S., et al. (2021) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696821989123 · Cited by 16
“A primary purpose of intersectional analysis is to critically question paradigms that situate privilege as a norm (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundThe time is now: why we must identify and address health disparities in sport and recreation injury
Baker, C., Chinaka, O., & Stewart, E. C. (2021) · Injury Epidemiology · doi:10.1186/s40621-021-00320-2 · Cited by 18
“(Collins 2015) It is imperative to use any data we have to show how these additional factors influence both the number of injured and the rate of recovery.”
BackgroundOperationalizing Intersectionality in Social Work Research: Approaches and Limitations
Matsuzaka, S., Hudson, K. D., & Ross, A. M. (2021) · Social Work Research · doi:10.1093/swr/svab010 · Cited by 20
Larance, L. Y., Kertesz, M., Humphreys, C., Goodmark, L., & Douglas, H. (2021) · Affilia · doi:10.1177/08861099211060549 · Cited by 21
“Intersectionality, according to sociologist Patricia Hill Collins (2015), is a theoretical and analytical tool which recognizes that “race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape co…”
BackgroundFactors Affecting Public Opinion on the Denial of Healthcare to Transgender Persons
Doan, L., & Grace, M. K. (2022) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/00031224221082233 · Cited by 15
“In essence, status characteristics converge to uniquely shape opportunity structures and exposure to different systems of oppression (e.g., transphobia, racism), producing unequally stratified social conditions within a society (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMella, P. (2022) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-04-2021-0283 · Cited by 16
Williams, D. M., Bartelt, E., Thomas, B., Guerra‐Reyes, L., Carspecken, L., Gonzalez, Y. R. R., Klimek, S., & Dodge, B. (2022) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-021-02236-w · Cited by 19
Sibanda, W., Mukwada, G., & Hansen, M. (2022) · Cogent Social Sciences · doi:10.1080/23311886.2022.2137964 · Cited by 17
“…for women to get advice on where to report and obtain legal support, a phenomenon resonates with the FPE advocates who propound that suffering and embarrassment in addition to difficulties in accessing water (Collins, 2015), were the major causes of stress, hence the need for such a platform.”
BackgroundInfluentialA Black Feminist Analysis of Patient Provider Concordance in Sexual Health Care
Wade, J., Frederick, H., Parker, S., Wiley, B., Dillon, H., Wilson, D., & Taylor, K. (2022) · Sociology of Race and Ethnicity · doi:10.1177/23326492221134706 · Cited by 18
“According to Black feminist scholars like Angela Davis (1983), Bell Hooks (2000), and Patricia Hill Collins (2002), Black women experience multilayered oppression as members of two marginalized populations.”
BackgroundRelationship between intersectionality and cancer inequalities: a scoping review protocol
de Mesa, M. E. F., Marcu, A., Ream, E., & Whitaker, K. L. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066637 · Cited by 21
Reznik, G., Massarani, L., & Barton, A. C. (2023) · Cultural Studies of Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11422-023-10149-4 · Cited by 20
“The debate on the multiple social markers of difference–particularly gender, race and class–acquired centrality in the feminist debate in the 1990s based on the theory of intersectionality, which was widely disseminated in the 2000s and acquired different theoretical aspects (Crenshaw 1989; Brah 2006; Collins 2015; Ak…”
BackgroundPathways for diversifying and enhancing science advocacy
Tormos‐Aponte, F., Brown, P., Dosemagen, S., Fisher, D. R., Frickel, S., MacKendrick, N. A., Meyer, D. S., & Parker, J. N. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq4899 · Cited by 21
Christoffersen, A. (2023) · sozialpolitik ch · doi:10.18753/2297-8224-4030 · Cited by 27
Medical student perceptions and experiences of incivility: a qualitative study
Griffin, L., & Baverstock, A. (2023) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-023-04354-6 · Cited by 16
“It is essential to consider these experiences of incivility within an intersectionality framework, as first theorised by Black feminist Kimberlé Crenshaw, [40] in order to fully illuminate the structural processes driving uncivil behaviour and victims’ experiences [41].”
BackgroundAchieving the Health Equity Agenda Through Transformative Community-Engaged Strategies
Gilbert, K. L., Shaw-Perry, M., Siddiqi, A., & Goodman, M. S. (2023) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd20.230077 · Cited by 18
Dolan, C. (2016) · International Review of the Red Cross · doi:10.1017/s1816383117000388 · Cited by 17
Analysis of instruments focused on gender gap in STEM education
Verdugo-Castro, S., García‐Holgado, A., & Gómez, M. C. S. (2019) · Ninth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM'21) · doi:10.1145/3362789.3362922 · Cited by 16
“Conditions such as these, and others, such as belonging to the LGTBI collective, interact with each other and are key conditioning factors for decisions made by individuals [4], with a special impact on confronting the situation from intersectionality [17].”
BackgroundPublic pedagogy on sexual violence: A feminist discourse analysis of YouTube vlogs after #MeToo
Almanssori, S., & Stanley, M. (2021) · Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/15505170.2021.1895382 · Cited by 16
“Although some scholars have pointed out that the #MeToo movement also relies on intersectionality theory (Clarke-Vivier & Stearns, 2019; Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1989), other activists and scholars troubled its inclusion of marginalized women and pointed out that the movement tends to center white, able-bodied, hetero…”
BackgroundInfluentialWork Integration of the Roma: Between Family and Labor Market
Dincă, M., & Lucheș, D. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10051495 · Cited by 16
“Institutional ethnography is a type of sociology and a method of investigating the structure of social relations, with a special focus on giving a voice to vulnerable groups of people [10].”
MethodKlocker, N., & Tindale, A. (2019) · Social & Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/14649365.2018.1563710 · Cited by 16
Cross‐domain comparison and the politics of difference
Brubaker, R., & Fernández, M. (2019) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1111/1468-4446.12490 · Cited by 16
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination, Intersectionality, and Latina/o Health
LeBrón, A. M. W., & Viruell‐Fuentes, E. A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24043-1_14 · Cited by 18
Chinapaw, M. J. M., Klaufus, L. H., Oyeyemi, A. L., Draper, C. E., Palmeira, A. L., Silva, M. N., Belle, S. V., Pawlowski, C. S., Schipperijn, J., & Altenburg, T. M. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084657 · Cited by 17
“84 In both quantitative and qualitative analyses, we will apply different kinds of intersectional analyses including relevant categories such as gender, age, education and ethnicity.”
MethodA set-analytic approach to intersectionality
Ragin, C. C., & Fiss, P. C. (2024) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103002 · Cited by 18
Rosati, F., Compare, C., Lorusso, M. M., Baiocco, R., Albanesi, C., Pistella, J., & Pellegrini, V. (2025) · Sexuality Research and Social Policy · doi:10.1007/s13178-025-01117-4 · Cited by 18
Building a Holistic Intersectional Feminist Praxis in Geography: Lessons from Community
Cahuas, M. C. (2022) · The Professional Geographer · doi:10.1080/00330124.2022.2061536 · Cited by 17
“…among Black women, Indigenous women, and women of color living in U.S. empire who were dialoguing and forming alliances during the revolutionary social movements of the 1960s and 1970s that continued into the 1980s and onward (Collins 2015; Collins and Bilge 2016; see Moraga and Anzald ua 1983).”
BackgroundYang, Y., & Gentry, M. (2022) · Gifted Child Quarterly · doi:10.1177/00169862221119208 · Cited by 20
“First, it examines minoritized students’ experiences from an intersectional perspective by considering the intersectional influences of race, gender, culture, and class (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundBiocultural perspectives on bioarchaeological and paleopathological evidence of past pandemics
Zuckerman, M. K., Tribble, A. G., Austin, R. M., DeGaglia, C. M. S., & Emery, T. (2022) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24647 · Cited by 17
Zhao, L. H. (2023) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/723435 · Cited by 19
“…process of studying the implications of consolidation for interethnic friendships, I am inspired by intersectional theories in which social attributes “operate not as unitary entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities” (Collins 2015, p. 2).”
BackgroundGordon-Nembhard, J. (2023) · Review of Radical Political Economics · doi:10.1177/04866134231163216 · Cited by 15
“And Black feminist theory forces us to recognize intersectionalities between gender, race, class, and sexual orientation (see Hill Collins 2000, 2015; Hossein 2019; Hossein and Pierson 2023).”
BackgroundMalama, K., Logie, C. H., Sokolovic, N., Skerritt, L., O’Brien, N., Cardinal, C., Gagnier, B., Loutfy, M. R., Kaida, A., & de Pokomandy, A. (2023) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000003241 · Cited by 15
Gender Inclusive Design in Technology: Case Studies and Guidelines
Szlávi, A., & Guedes, L. S. (2023) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-35699-5_25 · Cited by 19
Baird, A. M., Cheng, Y., & Xia, Y. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41350-8 · Cited by 15
“To better understand the intersecting factors 8,9,11,22 associated with staying in outpatient SUD treatment for > 90 days as well as factors associated with treatment completion success, we applied a virtual twins ML method to analyze discharges of 256 clients from one treatment program in the…”
MethodOn Joy and War: Black Feminism/Intersectionality
Luna, Z. T., Brown, M. C., Johnson, M. S., & Pirtle, W. N. L. (2024) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-090123-032434 · Cited by 18
Stergiou‐Kita, M., Lafrance, M., Pritlove, C., & Power, N. G. (2017) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2017.03.014 · Cited by 15
“Relevant scholarship suggests that three main approaches tend to characterize applications of intersectionality (Choo and Ferree, 2010; Collins, 2015; Jones et al., 2013; McCall, 2005).”
BackgroundEllis, R. (2018) · Social Inclusion · doi:10.17645/si.v6i2.1367 · Cited by 16
“Intersectionality is more than a simple additive calculation of the effects of race, class, and gender on religious behavior (cf. McCall, 2001; Singh, 2015), but rather, its “raison d’être lies in its attentiveness to power relations and social inequalities” (Collins, 2015, p. 1).”
BackgroundWhen Ethnicity Beats Gender: Quotas and Political Representation in Rwanda and Burundi
Guariso, A., Ingelaere, B., & Verpoorten, M. (2018) · Development and Change · doi:10.1111/dech.12451 · Cited by 18
“This argument is an application of the concept of ‘intersectionality’ and was first made by black feminists, who felt that the rights of Afro-American women could not be represented by white, middleclass women (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991).”
Levac, L., & Denis, A. B. (2019) · Gateways International Journal of Community Research and Engagement · doi:10.5130/ijcre.v12i1.6193 · Cited by 18
“It refers variously to identity and social position/location, with some authors combining the two (Collins & Bilge 2016). Intersectionality acknowledges the possibility of contradictory social positioning (for an individual, a group or a society) and that it is important to consider concurrently both the disadvantages…”
BackgroundGonzalez, K. A., Abreu, R. L., Rosario, C. C., Koech, J. M., Lockett, G. M., & Lindley, L. M. (2020) · International Journal of Transgender Health · doi:10.1080/26895269.2020.1830222 · Cited by 18
“Individuals who hold multiple marginalized identities are stigmatized at the intersection of multiple oppressive systems, including racism, classism, and cissexism (Collins, 2015; Combahee River Collective, 1995/1977; Crenshaw, 1991).”
BackgroundLanguage and climate justice: A research agenda
Fine, J. C., & Love‐Nichols, J. (2021) · Journal of Sociolinguistics · doi:10.1111/josl.12469 · Cited by 16
Sansfaçon, A. P., Gelly, M. A., Faddoul, M., & Lee, E. O. J. (2021) · Enfances Familles Générations · doi:10.7202/1078016ar · Cited by 19
Affirmation and Safety: An Intersectional Analysis of Trans and Nonbinary Youths in Quebec
Sansfaçon, A. P., Gelly, M. A., & Manning, K. E. (2021) · Social Work Research · doi:10.1093/swr/svab009 · Cited by 16
Wilson, A., & Urick, A. (2021) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102645 · Cited by 16
Berends, M., & Donaldson, K. (2016) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811611801103 · Cited by 15
Nkwata, A. K., Song, X., Zhang, M., & Ezeamama, A. E. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08842-y · Cited by 16
Cumulative Disparities in the Dynamics of Working Poverty for Later Career U.S. Workers (2002–2012)
Hale, J. M., Dudel, C., & Lorenti, A. (2021) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/2378023120987332 · Cited by 15
“Third, key characteristics, both ascribed (race/ethnicity, gender, familial SES) and achieved (educational attainment) interact over the life course to affect life outcomes (Collins 2015; Crenshaw 1994; Killewald and Bryan 2018; Montez and Hayward 2014; Schafer et al. 2011).”
BackgroundChanging Family Models: Emerging New Opportunities for Fathers in Catalonia (Spain)?
Flaquer, L., Mínguez, A. M., & López, T. C. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-53354-8_5 · Cited by 15
Zhang, L., & Petrova, S. (2025) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2025.116178 · Cited by 17
For Latinx, by Latinx: Race-conscious leadership in policy implementation
Felix, E. R. (2021) · Education Policy Analysis Archives · doi:10.14507/epaa.29.5439 · Cited by 14
“additional challenges to enact reform than a White faculty member who may be empowered to lead these same efforts (Collins, 2015; Liera, 2019; Patton & Bondi, 2015).”
BackgroundLarrea, S., Assis, M. P., & Mendoza, C. O. (2021) · Agenda · doi:10.1080/10130950.2021.1975967 · Cited by 19
Riegle‐Crumb, C., Russo‐Tait, T., Doerr, K., & Nguyen, U. (2022) · Sociological Perspectives · doi:10.1177/07311214221112448 · Cited by 16
“Yet, these rationales for why young women may endorse individualistic explanations for gender inequality do not acknowledge that the intersection of gender and race as social systems creates “distinctive social experiences for people who live within them” (Collins 2015:14).”
BackgroundInfluentialMann, E. S., & Berkowitz, D. (2022) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/00221465221136252 · Cited by 17
Carrigan, C. M. (2023) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/14883.001.0001 · Cited by 15
Mac‐Ginty, S., Lira, D., Lillo, I., Moraga-Escobar, E. I., Cáceres, C., Araya, R., & Prina, M. A. (2024) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-023-00230-y · Cited by 26
“This approach considers the unique experiences of individuals who may face discrimination on multiple grounds, such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status (Collins, 2015).”
Rosati, F., Pistella, J., Coletta, V., & Baiocco, R. (2024) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02804-2 · Cited by 15
“We used the frameworks of gender minority stress (Hen-dricks & Testa, 2012) and intersectionality (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991) to ensure an appropriate representation of the target population.”
Eldar, D., & Young, G. (2024) · Nations and Nationalism · doi:10.1111/nana.13006 · Cited by 14
Udenze, S., Roig, A., & Pires, F. (2024) · Media War & Conflict · doi:10.1177/17506352241239550 · Cited by 16
“Intersectionality is the recognition that multiple factors, such as race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, ability and age, interact to create intricate patterns of social inequality (Collins, 2015).”
Wang, Y., Cheng, C., & Bian, Y. (2018) · Asian Journal of Women s Studies · doi:10.1080/12259276.2018.1469722 · Cited by 15
“and hukou have been assessed independently, while scholars have failed to delineate the complexity and uniqueness of the actual experience (Choo, 2012; Collins, 2015; Mehrotra, 2010) of Chinese female migrant workers.”
BackgroundChristoffersen, A. (2019) · The Politics of Intersectionality · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98473-5_33 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Collins, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-1315;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-08-14
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W2148974647
- Semantic Scholar
- 48116d925a63de9e9dd793450a6ed59d51767d35
- Cited by
- 2,419
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 254 · 2025: 320 · 2024: 325 · 2023: 295 · 2022: 287 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 220 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 28.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- intersectionality, power relations, social inequality, race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, disability, age, critical praxis, social justice, knowledge production
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