The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 105 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 25 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas
Open accessAbstract
Defines intersectionality as a knowledge project attentive to power relations and notes that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age are reciprocally constructing phenomena.
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Claims the paper makes
62 Own interpretation · 13 Sources not found · 13 No basis given · 8 No full text of the sources · 3 Not checked yet
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In the paper
“The growth and institutionalization of intersectionality can also be measured by the arrival of undergraduate readers whose purpose is to introduce intersectionality to students and the lay public.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“in a postgenomic age, the resurgence of race in science, law, and medicine points to the resiliency of biological understandings of race within contemporary racial projects of science itself, typically without racially discriminatory intent (Duster 2015).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Duster 2015 source
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In the paper
“African American intellectual production has a storied history of protesting both the social structural dimensions of racism and the cultural representations of people of African descent (Kelley 2002).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kelley 2002
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In the paper
“contemporary color-blind racism constitutes a differently organized yet equally powerful racial formation that manages to replicate racial hierarchies, often without overt attention to race itself”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bonilla-Silva 2003
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Brown et al. 2003
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plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this theory makes room for multiple interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Instead, Black feminism's immediate concern in the United States was to empower African American women through critical analyses of how mutually constructing systems of oppression of race, class, gender, and sexuality framed the social issues and social inequalities that Black women faced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“in the United States, the racial formation of color-conscious racism has relied on a deep-seated logic of segregation that was applied to all aspects of social structures and cultural representations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Such groups find intellectual and political space within racial formation theory for the group-based knowledge of racial projects that oppose racial hierarchy and racial inequality (Collins 1998a, pp. 201-28).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 1998a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Through its analysis of racial projects, racial formation theory can account for change in ways that retain the agency of individual human actors and group-based action.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Racial formation theory offers social actors guidance as to how their individual and collective actions matter in shaping racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Several special editions of journals have also been devoted to various aspects of intersectionality as a field of study.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Monographs too numerous to cite here use the term intersectionality, as well as various combinations of the terms race, class, gender, ethnicity, sexuality, and ability in their titles”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By the early 2000s, heightened interest in intersectionality fostered a blizzard of journal articles, special editions to journals, edited volumes, and undergraduate anthologies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's increasing acceptance as a field of study within the academy is clearly evident.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > TRAVELING LIGHT? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FIELD OF STUDY
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In the paper
“Because it conceptualizes race as situated within the recursive relationship between social structures and cultural representations, racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas racial formation theory (ironically, itself a knowledge project) focuses on racism as a mono-categorical system of power, intersectionality examines social formations of multiple, complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In this regard, Black feminism as a knowledge project was both situated within the specific context of the United States and connected to broader, global social justice concerns (Collins 2000, pp. 227-50).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000, pp. 227-50
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eugenics arguments fell out of favor in the post-World War II era, suggesting that counterarguments claiming that race was socially constructed with no connections to biology had prevailed.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(a) intersectionality as a field of study that is situated within the power relations that it studies”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The broader knowledge project provides a set of ideas that provide moments of definitional consensus.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Within racial formation theory, ideas matter, not simply as hegemonic ideologies produced by elites but also as tangible, multiple knowledge projects that are advanced by specific interpretive communities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“racial formation theory conflates neither discourses about race (e.g., racial meanings, representations, and social identities) nor the power relations in which racial meanings are situated.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(b) intersectionality as an analytical strategy that provides new angles of vision on social phenomena”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“within this overarching umbrella, intersectionality can also be profitably conceptualized as a constellation of knowledge projects that change in relation to one another in tandem with changes in the interpretive communities that advance them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Intersectionality can be conceptualized as an overarching knowledge project whose changing contours grow from and respond to social formations of complex social inequalities”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“I analyze intersectionality as a knowledge project whose raison d'être lies in its attentiveness to power relations and social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
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- Rests on an assumption: Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because groups aim to have their interpretations of racial inequality prevail, knowledge lies at the heart of racial projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overarching intersectional frameworks have been so successful because they remain broad and unspecified.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the eugenics projects that advanced widely accepted scientific knowledge about race had significant impact on the public policies of the United States, Germany, and many nation-states.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The strength of racial formation theory lies in how it links specific knowledge projects (racial projects) with historically constructed power relations (racial formations).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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In the paper
“Linking power with knowledge, the construct of community provides an important framework for understanding the interpretive communities that advance intersectionality's many knowledge projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Knowledge projects are not free-floating phenomena; they are grounded in specific sociological processes experienced by actual people.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because understanding racial inequality remains central to racial formation theory, it provides intellectual and political space for subordinated social groups such as African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and indigenous peoples.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“(c) intersectionality as critical praxis that informs social justice projects”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“A sociology of knowledge framework suggests that knowledge-including knowledge aimed at better understanding intersectionality-is socially constructed and transmitted, legitimated, and reproduced.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Balibar 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Berger & Luckmann 1966
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- Not matchedcites Foucault 1980
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hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“intersectional knowledge projects typically focus on three interdependent concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The third focal point emphasizes intersectionality as a form of critical praxis, especially its connections with social justice.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet despite these efforts, the richness of these knowledge projects rarely make it into the legitimated canon of established fields.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They provide the illusion that the constellation of smaller knowledge projects can be uncritically categorized under intersectionality's big tent umbrella.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet intersectionality goes farther than this mono-system analysis, introducing a greater level of complexity into conceptualizing inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Racial formations have distinctive configurations of racial projects for which interest groups advance various interpretations of racial inequality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first focal point makes intersectionality as a field of study the object of investigation.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality can build on this foundation by moving beyond a mono-categorical focus on racial inequality to encompass multiple forms of inequality that are organized via a similar logic.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet the sets of practitioners that lay claim to intersectionality via multiple cross-cutting and competitive intersectional knowledge projects reveal a lack of consensus about intersectionality's history, current organization, and future directions.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Historically constructed, ever-changing racial formations organize racialized groups, the specific patterns of racial inequality that link racialized populations, and social problems that ensue.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Omi & Winant 2014(1994) source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Just as racial formations change in response to racial projects, racial projects change in relation to changing racial formations.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality faces a particular definitional dilemma-it participates in the very power relations that it examines and, as a result, must pay special attention to the conditions that make its knowledge claims comprehensible.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's definitional dilemma occurs in this intellectual and political space.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > RACIAL FORMATION THEORY, KNOWLEDGE PROJECTS, AND INTERSECTIONALITY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, there is the need for better assessments of pain, suffering, and injury.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In scholarly settings, the critical dimensions of Davis's work open her up to accusations of bias-her analyses of capitalism, neoliberalism, racism, and prisons can read as too polemical and therefore unscholarly.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality is not simply a field of study to be mastered or an analytical strategy for understanding; rather, intersectionality as critical praxis sheds light on the doing of social justice work.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet critical scholarship linked to critical practice such as this is also part of a broader intersectional knowledge project that increasingly transcends the traditional boundaries of academic projects.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these scholar-activists, intersectionality as a form of critical praxis made sense for their social justice projects aimed at remedying complex social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the underemphasis on intersectionality as critical praxis within academia most likely reflects efforts to avoid the implicit political implications of intersectionality itself.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Scholars may know less about intersectionality as critical praxis simply because they fail to look for it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Holding fast to the creativity of this dynamic area of inquiry and practice yet finding a common language that will be useful to its practitioners is the cutting-edge definitional dilemma for intersectionality.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In contrast, in activist venues searching for a critical analysis of social inequality, these same ideas remain wellreceived, precisely because her work remains critical.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, human rights requires more effective tools for identifying the kinds of distinctions that constitute discrimination.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet on the basis of their respective agendas, activist and scholarly circles can interpret Davis's intellectual production differently.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Women's studies assumed an important leadership role by enabling gender scholars who were spread across various disciplines to gather, compare, and contrast the study of women within their distinctive disciplines, and then migrate back into those very same disciplines with this new knowledge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Davis's stature as a public intellectual has provided a platform for her ideas, making it difficult if not impossible to exclude them from academic venues.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“For example, Canadian activist Harsha Walia's (2013) analysis of border imperialism is written for, not about, activists.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Walia 2013
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite intersectionality's ongoing definitional ambiguities, intersectionality as a field of study has catalyzed a copious outpouring of new knowledge, much of it produced by researchers, faculty members, and students who use intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > PRODUCING NEW KNOWLEDGE: INTERSECTIONALITY AS AN ANALYTICAL STRATEGY
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This underemphasis may be due in part because these areas valorize studying or writing about intersectionality over practicing it.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mission statements from the IBPA illustrate the aspirations of social actors who wish to bring intersectionality into public policy areas:”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This rhetorical strategy of mentioning one African American woman as intersectionality's foremother fosters a collective ritual that legitimates this particular origin story.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The ideas expressed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights bear a strong family resemblance to strands of intersectionality that are aligned with social justice initiatives.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the intellectual richness of Crenshaw's work, contemporary narratives of the emergence of intersectionality rarely situate her work within this crucial historical juncture linking knowledge projects from social movements advanced by women of color with the institutionalization of race/class/gender studies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“As Carbado (2013) points out,”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Carbado 2013 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this context, intersectionality as a knowledge project faces the fundamental challenge of sustaining its critical edge.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners are often frontline actors for solving social problems that are clearly linked to complex social inequalities, a social location that predisposes them to respond to intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
In the paper
“For example, Simon Fraser University's Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) initiative, housed at the Institute for Intersectionality Research and Policy, aims to generate research with direct applicability to Canadian health policy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hankivsky 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality as a knowledge project remained unnamed as such during the 1980s, the major decade when its ideas but not its name were incorporated into the US academy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > From Race/Class/Gender Studies to Intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“For example, from her pathbreaking work on women, race, and class to her sustained attention to prison abolition, the storied career of Angela Davis (1981Davis ( , 2012) ) speaks to a sustained engagement with intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Davis 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Davis 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The value of critical praxis reflects the norms of any given interpretive community.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This connection between social justice and remedying complex social inequalities seems more prominent outside academic settings than within them.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Increasingly, intersectionality's ideas can travel across diverse interpretive communities, a shift that has important implications for intersectionality as critical praxis.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intersectionality potentially helps address three main concerns.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Her book is unlikely to be selected for ASA sessions on”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The third concern is the search for appropriate reparations and remedies to victims of human rights abuses.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Practitioners who would be drawn to intersectionality as critical praxis seek knowledge projects that take a stand; such projects would critique social injustices that characterize complex social inequalities, imagine alternatives, and/or propose viable action strategies for change.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite its ubiquity, intersectionality as critical praxis remains underemphasized within intersectionality as a field of study and within scholarship that draws on intersectionality as an analytical strategy.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet groups such as these have a vested interest in drawing upon intersectional frameworks to address social inequalities.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the visibility of scholars as the public face of intersectionality, practitioners such as hip-hop poets, Afro-Brazilian feminists, IBPA scholar-activists, and intellectual activists such as Angela Davis and Harsha Walia may be equally if not more likely to put forth the innovative, cutting-edge intersectional analyses that will advance the field.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The changing political economy of publishing and social media provides new venues for circulating intersectional analyses both outside and inside academia.”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > WHAT'S AT STAKE? INTERSECTIONALITY AS A FORM OF CRITICAL PRAXIS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“It not only contained an explicit analysis of the interconnectedness of race, class, gender, and sexuality as systems of power, but also constituted one defining moment for the emergence of race/class/gender studies and its subsequent renaming as intersectionality (Collins 2000).”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Collins 2000
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that shape complex social inequalities.
“The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
A general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.
“By now, a general consensus exists about intersectionality's general contours.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.
“Teachers, social workers, parents, policy advocates, university support staff, community organizers, clergy, lawyers, graduate students, and nurses often have an up close and personal relationship to violence, homelessness, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, sexual assault, and similar phenomena.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Local, grassroots, small-scale, and/or temporary groups that draw upon intersectionality to guide their critical praxis are typically composed of society's overlooked populations: the young, women, people of color, and poor people.
“Typically, these groups are composed of society's overlooked populations, specifically the young, women, people of color, and poor people.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals.
“Because public health remains connected to the practices of health care professionals, the challenge for this field lies in integrating intersectional frameworks into both health care delivery practices and public policies.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The protected categories in human rights gain meaning only in relation to one another.
“Yet because the protected categories gain meaning only in relation to one another, actualizing human rights means transcending the limitations of a strictly legal statement of human rights.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Intersectionality theory suggests that people experience multiple forms of stigma in interlocking systems and structures of oppressive power.9”
From An acceptance-based, intersectional stigma coping intervention for people with HIV who inject drugs—a randomized clinical trial (2023) · cites this paper as [9]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > The Case of US Black Feminism
“Toni Morrison's (1971Morrison's ( , 1987Morrison's ( , 1992) ) books The Bluest Eye and Beloved”
§ Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas > References
“Morrison T. 1970. The Bluest Eye. New York: Vintage Books”
Citations
Cites
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Omi, M., & Winant, H. (2014) · doi:10.4324/9780203076804 · Cited by 3,510
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 2,358
Diversity Through Precarity? Gender, Race, and Work in Digital Journalism
Cohen, N. S., & Clarke, S. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Communication · doi:10.3138/cjc-2022-0038 · Cited by 11
Calzo, J. P., Andrzejewski, J., Torres, C., Silverstein, S., Lopez, E., & Gordon, A. R. (2024) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2024.2381908 · Cited by 11
“…feminist scholars to explain the unique experiences of oppression faced by Black women in social, legal, economic, and political domains, and deline-ates how interlocking systems of power and oppression work together to advantage some groups at the expense of others (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 2014).”
AuBuchon, K. E., Lyons, M., Braun, E., Groninger, H., Graves, K. D., & Bowleg, L. (2024) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/10732748241274256 · Cited by 11
Transdisciplinary working to shape systematic reviews and interpret the findings: commentary
Oliver, S. R., Garner, P., Heywood, P., Jull, J., Dickson, K., Bangpan, M., Ang, L., Fourman, M., & Garside, R. (2017) · Environmental Evidence · doi:10.1186/s13750-017-0106-y · Cited by 12
“No mention is made of intersectional theory of sociology about social identities overlapping or intersecting (Collins 2015), perhaps because multiplying subgroup analyses reduces statistical power in epidemiology (Burke et al 2015).”
BackgroundGroen, C., Paretti, M., McNair, L., Simmons, D. R., & Shew, A. (2024) · Collaborative Network for Engineering and Computing Diversity Conference (CoNECD) · doi:10.18260/1-2--29536 · Cited by 11
“Initially conceived as a social justice framework used to draw connections between the ideas of interlocking oppressions, community organizations, coalitional politics, and identity politics [13, 14]; intersectionality has since evolved to provide researchers with a lens for exploring interrelations among various aspe…”
Disruption or reproduction? Nativity, gender and online dating in Canada
Qian, Y. (2021) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-10-2020-0547 · Cited by 15
Anxieties of Migration and Integration in Turbulent Times
Jakobson, M., King, R., Moroşanu, L., & Vetik, R. (2023) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23996-0 · Cited by 13
Loneliness and intersectionality: A progressive conditional approach
Yang, K. (2023) · Current Research in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100122 · Cited by 14
Szocik, K. (2024) · doi:10.1093/9780197691076.001.0001 · Cited by 15
Liévanos, R. S. (2018) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi7110433 · Cited by 11
“Importing insights from the sociological study of intersectionality [15,16], intersectional environmental inequality outcomes research of that kind focuses on how the spatial concentration of individuals identifying with multiple social identities is associated with disparate proximity or unequal exposure to environme…”
Lowery, P. G. (2019) · Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/15377938.2019.1575780 · Cited by 11
“Essentially, scholars such as Crenshaw (1991), Collins (2000; 2015), and Potter (2006) have contended that the distinctive social positions and/or structural locations may be determined by listing all attributes of an individual’s social identity, and then locating the nexus at which these…”
BackgroundInfluentialSignorella, M. L. (2020) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0361684320908320 · Cited by 15
“As documented by Patricia Hill Collins (2015), one of the major writers on intersectionality and related concepts, works by U.S. Black feminists in the mid- 20th century (e.g., Collins, 2004; Combahee River Collective, 1982; Crenshaw, 1989, 1991; Lorde, 2007) identified key goals as empower[ing]…”
BackgroundPester, D. A., Lenz, A. S., & Watson, J. C. (2020) · Counselor Education and Supervision · doi:10.1002/ceas.12170 · Cited by 12
Noche, M. B. G., Permisán, C. G., Domínguez, I. A., & Franco, C. V. (2021) · Social Inclusion · doi:10.17645/si.v9i3.4065 · Cited by 18
“The fourth brings together categories that have also been highlighted in intersec‐ tional studies such as age (over 40), disability and illness (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundSanders, J. E. (2022) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605211056724 · Cited by 12
“…for specific populations, and intersectionality shifts accountability from an individualized approach of ‘at risk’ students towards a historically situated social problem with distinct implications for specific groups, such as students who are disciplinarily excluded (Clark, 2016; Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundValdéz-Ward, E., Ulrich, R. N., Bennett, N., Cat, L. A., Marcus, T., Menezes, S., Mattheis, A., & Treseder, K. K. (2023) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2023.1026383 · Cited by 15
“…design considers that participants each have individual characteristics, such as sexual orientation, gender, race, physical abilities, and socioeconomic status that can overlap with one another, and this can generate complex inequities as our participants navigate STEM spaces (Collins, 2015).”
Abandoning inauthentic intersectionality
Tripp, A. (2023) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716423000139 · Cited by 16
“There is nonetheless ongoing disagreement regarding how the concept should be defined, understood, and applied across numerous fields (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundAbandoned not: media sociology as a networked transfield
Chen, W. (2018) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2018.1428658 · Cited by 10
“Communication andmedia studies can also benefit from the sociological perspective on intersectionality (Collins, 2015; Hancock, 2007; Nash, 2017).”
BackgroundStuart, K., Bunting, M., Boyd, P., Cammack, P., Frostholm, P. H., Gravesen, D. T., Mikkelsen, S. H., Moshuus, G. H., & Walker, S. (2019) · Educational Action Research · doi:10.1080/09650792.2019.1593870 · Cited by 13
“The Equalities Literacy framework is therefore intersectional (Collins 2015; Hooks 2014, Crenshaw 1989) and intersubjective (Hegel 1977; Habermas 1987).”
BackgroundAdley, M., O'Donnell, A. J., & Scott, S. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-12232-8 · Cited by 12
“While intersectionality is often conceptualised simply in terms of identity categories this does it a disservice, rendering invisible concepts such as privilege and the structures of oppression, and intersectionality’s potential for converging around a politics of solidarity [88, 89].”
Ugalde, A., Jongebloed, H., Wright, C., Rodi, H., Chapman, A., Marshall, S., Aras, D., Bergin, R. J., Boffa, S., Boltong, A. G., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2025.101756 · Cited by 12
Tackling the Complexity Challenge: When and How to Engage in Configurational and Hybrid Theorizing
Campbell, J. T., & Fiss, P. C. (2026) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2024.0187 · Cited by 17
Herrera, J., & McCarthy, B. (2022) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/10778012221094067 · Cited by 15
“An intersectional analysis (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1991) is needed, especially one that situates experiences within multiple interlocking systems of power (Fileborn, 2018; Fileborn & Vera-Gray, 2017; Vera-Gray & Fileborn, 2018), particularly, in this case, gender and race/ethnicity.”
BackgroundMonteiro, T. S. (2022) · Asian Social Work and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/aswp.12264 · Cited by 11
Epistemología de la educación inclusiva
Ocampo-González, A. (2022) · Magis Revista Internacional de Investigación en Educación · doi:10.11144/javeriana.m15.eeia · Cited by 10
Liminality as a Third Wave Conceptual Framework
Bowling, R. L., & Combs, L. D. (2023) · NASPA Journal · doi:10.1080/19496591.2022.2150974 · Cited by 11
“Second, we are guided by the principles of intersectionality (Collins, 2015; Crenshaw, 1989) which suggest that identities are best understood together and in relation to interconnected systems of power.”
Almeling, R. (2023) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/08912432231187431 · Cited by 10
Desai, S. D., & Gunia, B. (2023) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2023.104279 · Cited by 10
George, S. S. (2023) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2023.2263531 · Cited by 12
“Intersectional thinking highlights how multiple memberships in social categories like race and gender mutually and dynamically shape experiences of power and oppression (cho et al., 2013; collins, 2015; crenshaw, 1991).”
Facchini, F., García, D. L., Villamayor‐Tomás, S., & Corbera, E. (2023) · Agriculture and Human Values · doi:10.1007/s10460-023-10529-0 · Cited by 14
“The term “intersectionality” emerged from the critiques and struggles of Black feminists in the United States (e.g. Collins 2015; Crenshaw 1991; hooks 1986; Davis 1983; Combahee River Collective 1977), subsequently joined by racialized and indigenous women from across the globe.”
Windels, K., DuBosar, E., & Mueller, S. (2024) · Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising · doi:10.1080/10641734.2024.2303072 · Cited by 10
“The concept has been widely disseminated and is today used to examine intersections between identities such as race, gender, class, sexuality, age, nationality, and ethnicity (Collins 2015).”
BackgroundMethodYaussy, S. L. (2024) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24907 · Cited by 10
Durst, J., & Bereményi, B. Á. (2024) · Compare A Journal of Comparative and International Education · doi:10.1080/03057925.2024.2321862 · Cited by 12
Gender Inequalities in Academia: Multiple Approaches to Closing the Gap
Lombardo, E., Naldini, M., & Poggio, B. (2024) · Sociologia del Lavoro · doi:10.3280/sl2024-168001 · Cited by 5
Racial Category Usage in Education Research: Examining the Publications from AERA Journals
Baker, D. J., Ford, K. S., Viano, S. L., & Johnston‐Guerrero, M. P. (2024) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584241293681 · Cited by 11
“…also imperative to consider who has the power and authority to determine which categories are appropriate in a given time and place because this can play a central role in the creation of categories and their impact (e.g., Collins, 2015; Morning, 2009, 2011; Roberts, 2011; Swidler & Arditi, 1994).”
Fox, J. (2025) · Feminism & Psychology · doi:10.1177/09593535241306532 · Cited by 12
“Neuro-queer feminism is one such framework in which this gap in theory, and in turn praxis, can be attended to by conceptualising neurodivergence as an axis within the intersectional matrix of oppression (Collins, 2015).”
Racism, discrimination, medical mistrust, stigma, and lung cancer screening: a scoping review
Miriyala, S., Nguyen, K., Park, A., Hwang, T., Aldrich, M. C., & Richmond, J. (2025) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2025.2458303 · Cited by 11
“Indeed, articles included in this review typically examined racism, discrimination, mistrust, or stigma individually without applying intersectionality to examine these factors in relation to interlocking systems of oppression (Collins 2015; Combahee River Collective 2024; Crenshaw 1989, 1991).”
Cheetham, N. J., Bowyer, V., García, M. P., Bowyer, R. C. E., Carpentieri, J., Guise, A., Thompson, E. J., Sudre, C. H., Molteni, E., Antonelli, M., et al. (2025) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-001166 · Cited by 9
“30 31 We hypothesised that recovery from COVID-19 is associated with exposure to multiple sociodemographic advantages and disadvantages, with individuals exposed to more forms of advantage more likely to recover and those exposed to more forms of disadvantage less likely to recover.”
Nielsen, K. S., Hansen, M., & Mikkelsen, E. G. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1570812 · Cited by 14
“Despite the diverse range of workplaces, the studies were mostly from Western cultures, and none of them addressed intersectionality, i.e., how multiple stigmatised social identities (e.g., gender, sexuality, race) interact to increase the risk of GBVH (Collins, 2015).”
Gender, Race, Class, and the Politics of Schooling in the Inner City
Gadsden, V. L. (2017) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716217723614 · Cited by 13
Bavington, L. D. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315114996-11 · Cited by 10
Castañeda, E., Smith, B., & Vetter, E. (2020) · Journal of Migration and Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmh.2020.100008 · Cited by 11
Arinze, N. A., & McGarry, J. E. (2021) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10560-021-00775-8 · Cited by 11
Riflessività e ricerca sociale: la produzione dialogica della realtà
Pinheiro, L. R., & Colombo, E. (2021) · Educação (UFSM) · doi:10.5902/1984644467093 · Cited by 16
Da interseccionalidade à encruzilhada
Bueno, W. D. C., & dos Anjos, J. C. (2021) · Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais · doi:10.15448/1984-7289.2021.3.40200 · Cited by 12
Gender stereotypes, class, and race in attributions of blame for women's gender‐linked mistreatment
Kiebler, J. M., & Stewart, A. J. (2022) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/asap.12299 · Cited by 10
Building a Bioarchaeology of Pandemic, Epidemic, and Syndemic Diseases
Schug, G. R., & Halcrow, S. E. (2022) · Bioarchaeology International · doi:10.5744/bi.2022.6000 · Cited by 12
Krause, K. H., Mpofu, J. J., Brown, M. C., Rico, A., Andrews, C. A., & Underwood, J. M. (2022) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.03.012 · Cited by 16
The Contemporary Role of Urban LGBTQI+ Festivals and Events
Vorobjovas-Pinta, O., & Fong-Emmerson, M. (2022) · Event Management · doi:10.3727/152599522x16419948694720 · Cited by 10
Faissner, M., Hartmann, K. V., Marcinski-Michel, I., Müller, R., & Weßel, M. (2022) · Ethik in der Medizin · doi:10.1007/s00481-022-00724-8 · Cited by 10
“…adaptiert, reflektiert und weiterentwickelt, so dass mittlerweile viele unterschiedliche intersektionale Ansätze nebeneinander bestehen (Hill Collins 2015; Rice et al. 2019).7 Intersektionalität stellt eine Kritik am bis dahin überwiegend aus einer weißen Perspektive gedachten Feminismus…”
BackgroundThinking about Gender and Violence in Migration: An Introduction
Freedman, J. E., Sahraoui, N., & Tastsoglou, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-07929-0_1 · Cited by 15
An exploration of intersectionality in software development and use
Winchester, H., Boyd, A. E., & Johnson, B. (2022) · doi:10.1145/3524501.3527605 · Cited by 11
“…the Abolitionist and Reconstruction eras, women of color have illuminated the complexities and overlaps of gender and racial lenses, and brought attention to the unique experiences of those positioned within these overlaps, race and gender, instead of race-only and gender-only lenses [7, 16, 18].”
BackgroundWilliams, P. C., Alhasan, D. M., Gaston, S. A., Henderson, K. L., Jackson, W. B., & Jackson, C. L. (2023) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107477 · Cited by 13
Igniting an Intersectional Shift in Public Policy Research (and Training)
Tedds, L. M. (2023) · Canadian Public Policy · doi:10.3138/cpp.2022-064 · Cited by 13
“From here, it provides a “way of thinking about sameness and difference and its relation to power” (Cho et al. 2013 in Collins 2015, 11) and supports analyses of how processes of differentiation and systems of domination shape identities and reproduce hierarchies, discrimination, and ultimately,…”
Filial Considerations in Mate Selection: Urban and Rural Guangdong in the Post-Mao Era
Lui, L. (2019) · Modern China · doi:10.1177/0097700419888693 · Cited by 11
“These axes of social divisions influence each other and the outcomes in terms of power (Davis, 2008; Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundCalzo, J. P., Yoshikawa, H., Poteat, V. P., Kieu, T. K.-T., & Pham, A. (2021) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/ajcp.12521 · Cited by 11
Immigrant Health Inequities: Exposing Diversions and White Supremacy
García, S. J., Trummel, T., Cornejo, M., Maldonado, K., Ojeda, A., Flores, H., & Link, B. G. (2021) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci10090341 · Cited by 12
“Sociologist Patricia Hill Collins (2015) views intersectionality as an analytical strategy in illustrating how social categories, such as race, class, gender, and sexuality, are mutually constructed and shaped by intersecting systems of power that produce social formations of complex social inequities.”
BackgroundSanders, J. E., Mishna, F., McCready, L. T., & Fallon, B. (2021) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-021-09481-3 · Cited by 13
“…analysis of the multiple and complex ways that oppressive systems interact and compound across multiply marginalized identities (Cho et al., 2013; Collins, 2015) An intersectional perspective recognizes inequity and oppression across an entire social system, permeated by power, privilege and…”
BackgroundFrom Hostility to Hospitality: Teaching About Race and Privilege in a Post-election Climate
Rasheed, S. (2018) · Studies in Philosophy and Education · doi:10.1007/s11217-018-9607-6 · Cited by 10
Challenging the white spaces of environmental sociology
Liévanos, R. S., Wilder, E., Richter, L., Carrera, J. S., & Mascarenhas, M. (2021) · Environmental Sociology · doi:10.1080/23251042.2021.1902665 · Cited by 11
Rogers, C. R., & Morgan, D. D. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96023-6.00004-x · Cited by 12
Measurement invariance across race and gender for the Force Concept Inventory
Morley, A., Nissen, J., & Dusen, B. V. (2023) · Physical Review Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevphyseducres.19.020102 · Cited by 13
Applying an Intersectionality Approach to Multiple Dimensions of Social Life
Pinem, M. L. (2023) · Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora · doi:10.23887/jish.v12i2.59906 · Cited by 11
“intersectionality is not a panacea for social inequality, and that there are limitations to its application (Collins, 2015; Warner et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSmall, S. F. (2023) · Feminist Economics · doi:10.1080/13545701.2023.2250811 · Cited by 9
Berdahl, J. L., & Bhattacharyya, B. (2024) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-024-05727-7 · Cited by 10
“Intersectional scholars have called for the study of how subordinated and dominant identities are co-constituted and negotiated (Collins, 2015; McCall, 2005), and how people “mobilize (or chose not to mobilize) particular aspects of their identities in particular circumstances” (Nash, 2008, p. 11).”
Red Pill Women: Heterosexual Fantasies in Misogynistic Spaces
Hoebanx, P. (2024) · Men and Masculinities · doi:10.1177/1097184x241286800 · Cited by 13
“…addresses that gap by applying an alternative theorization of femininities (Hamilton et al. 2019), which builds on Connell ’ s work while incorporating inter-sectional feminist theories of gender (Collins 2015), to examine the motivations of women to participate in the Red Pill Women ’ s subreddit.”
In and out of place: Diverse experiences and perceived exclusion in UK greenspace settings
Palmer, A. K., Riley, M., Clément, S., Evans, K. L., Jones, L., Brockett, B., & Opara, V. (2025) · Environment and Planning E Nature and Space · doi:10.1177/25148486251316124 · Cited by 11
“Re fl ecting on, and documenting, positionality is central to acknowledging and addressing power dynamics within research processes and understanding how researcher identity shapes knowledge production (Collins, 2015).”
Generational Differences Under Scrutiny: Issues and Implications for HRD
Cho, H., Rodriguez, A. C., & Ardichvili, A. A. (2025) · Advances in Developing Human Resources · doi:10.1177/15234223251337115 · Cited by 9
“Intersectionality research emphasizes how social categories (e.g., age, race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nationality, and ability) interact with one another instead of operating independently, thereby shaping distinct and often unequal experiences for individuals (Collins, 2015).”
Rurality and intersectionality: a literature review
Redshaw, S., Thomas, C. J., Kerrigan, N. A., Krivokapic‐Skoko, B., & Flynn, S. (2025) · Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal · doi:10.1108/edi-10-2024-0482 · Cited by 12
"Do you work for aperture science?"
Ringland, K. E. (2019) · International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games (FDG) · doi:10.1145/3337722.3337766 · Cited by 9
“Intersectionality is the understanding that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, ability, and age are not mutually exclusive parts of one’s identity and that these identitites all have more or less power [12,14].”
BackgroundBlack, M. D. (2020) · Education Inquiry · doi:10.1080/20004508.2020.1824343 · Cited by 15
“…social theorists examine race-ethnicity and gender as single identities; however, intersectional scholars argue for a multidimensional examination of race-ethnicity and gender interacting together to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon (Collins, 2015; Hancock, 2013; Nash, 2008).”
BackgroundEfimoff, I. H., Patrick, L., Josewski, V., Gross, P. A., Lambert, S., & Smye, V. L. (2021) · International Indigenous Policy Journal · doi:10.18584/iipj.2021.12.2.10896 · Cited by 11
The Gender System and Class Mobility
Zumbyte, I. (2021) · Sociology of Development · doi:10.1525/sod.2020.0042 · Cited by 9
Frederick, A. (2021) · Disability & Society · doi:10.1080/09687599.2021.1997717 · Cited by 11
Intersectionality as Critical Inquiry
(2019) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478007098-002 · Cited by 20
Maiorana, A., Zamudio‐Haas, S., Santiago-Rodríguez, E. I., Sauceda, J. A., Rodríguez-Díaz, C. E., Brooks, R. A., & Myers, J. J. (2022) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2022.2043731 · Cited by 9
“Applying an intersectional framework as an analytical strategy can generate new knowledge on this social phenomena and social inequities (Hill Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundMethodVacca, R. (2022) · Feminist Theory · doi:10.1177/14647001221082297 · Cited by 8
“The MFF, and its underlying intersectional roots, is intended to help in analysis of this fluidity, in that it is not essentialist, reductive, additive or categorical, all of which oversimplify the underlying intersectionality’s power (Collins, 2015; Bogic, 2017).”
BackgroundCzimbalmos, M. V., & Rask, S. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-08654-3 · Cited by 12
“Intersectionality has the potential of highlighting the interaction of various social identities, in various contexts [28] and as such is a useful tool when uncovering the workings of the multiple systems of inequality in unpacking the social determinants of health [29].”
Narendorf, S. C., Ali, S., Lea, C. H., III, & Pritzker, S. (2022) · Social Work Research · doi:10.1093/swr/svac029 · Cited by 10
Canada's GBA+ framework in a (post)pandemic world: Issues, tensions and paths forward
Cameron, A., & Tedds, L. M. (2021) · Canadian Public Administration · doi:10.1111/capa.12508 · Cited by 11
Sutton, A., & Beech, H. (2023) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/s10896-023-00530-w · Cited by 17
“Gender, race, and class all intersect and do not “operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities” (Collins, 2015) and further create complex inequalities for women of color from lower-class backgrounds (Bowleg, 2008; Choo &…”
Ispa‐Landa, S., & Thomas, S. (2023) · Sociology of Education · doi:10.1177/00380407231163799 · Cited by 9
“Thus, women in historically White sororities exist at a highly contradictory intersectional location (Collins 2015; Crenshaw 1989): They are simultaneously privileged vis-à-vis other women and disadvantaged vis-à-vis their male peers.”
BackgroundMixed-Immigration Status Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Iraheta, S., & Morey, B. N. (2023) · Health Equity · doi:10.1089/heq.2022.0141 · Cited by 9
“mixed-status families at the intersections of compounding marginalized identities such as age, race, gender, immigration status, and socioeconomic status.(5,27,28) Health Equity Implications”
BackgroundShifrer, D. (2023) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584231186612 · Cited by 10
“Multiple marginalization, a dominant perspective within intersectionality, predicts that the negative impacts of a low status marker will be multiplied for persons with another low status marker (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundRacial Capitalism and Social Psychology: A Note for Future Research
Robinson, J. N., Korver–Glenn, E., & Besbris, M. (2023) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/01902725231159346 · Cited by 9
An intersectional framework for counterfactual fairness in risk prediction
Wastvedt, S., Huling, J. D., & Wolfson, J. A. (2023) · Biostatistics · doi:10.1093/biostatistics/kxad021 · Cited by 14
“Definitions of what exactly constitutes intersectionality are often debated, but it has been broadly characterized as a “knowledge project” engaged in by scholars and social justice activists from a wide array of disciplines whose focus is on “power relations and social inequalities” [20].”
BackgroundFisk, S. R., Watts, B. C., Dress, C., Lee, C., Rorrer, A. S., McKlin, T., Barnes, T. M., & Payton, J. (2023) · ACM Transactions on Computing Education · doi:10.1145/3635313 · Cited by 11
“In addition, intersectionality is integrative, recognizing that multiple oppressions coexist simultaneously, and these mutually constructing identities underlie interlocking systems of power and oppression [21, 22, 24].”
BackgroundBühler‐Niederberger, D. (2019) · Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung / Discourse Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Research · doi:10.3224/diskurs.v14i2.03 · Cited by 10
Feminist reflections on discourses of (power) + (sharing) in power-sharing theory
Byrne, S. (2019) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/0192512119868323 · Cited by 9
Prosessuell interseksjonalitet: gutter, posisjoner og prosesser
Vogt, K. C. (2020) · Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning · doi:10.18261/issn.1891-1781-2020-02-03 · Cited by 10
Weapon Carrying and Weapon Brandishing at School: Responses to Strain Among Same-Sex Attracted Youth
Teasdale, B., & Bradley, M. S. (2020) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260520966666 · Cited by 9
“Rather, they act as reciprocally constructing phenomena and thus shape complex social inequalities (Collins, 2015).”
BackgroundA Framework for Analyzing, Developing, and Applying Community Practice Interventions
Sawyer, J. M., & Brady, S. R. (2020) · The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare · doi:10.15453/0191-5096.4198 · Cited by 9
Thomeer, M., Pollitt, A. M., & Umberson, D. J. (2021) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407521998453 · Cited by 6
“privilege (Collins, 2015; Few-Demo, 2014), and our sample generally benefits from this system, through opportunities and advantages predicated on their racial, class, and marital privilege, likely facilitating the provision of support within their relationships (Allen & Mendez, 2018; Berger & Carlson, 2020).”
BackgroundXu, W., & Larsson, A. T. (2021) · Journal of Aging Studies · doi:10.1016/j.jaging.2021.100952 · Cited by 13
“As noted by Collins (2015), “ intersectionality is not simply a field of study to be mastered or an analytical strategy for understanding; rather, intersectionality as critical praxis sheds light on the doing of social justice work ” (p. 16).”
BackgroundIntroduction: Diversity in ELT
Berbain, M. P., Banegas, D. L., & Beacon, G. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74981-1_1 · Cited by 11
Gilroy, C., & Kashyap, R. (2021) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231211029499 · Cited by 8
Garza, A. N. (2021) · Social Problems · doi:10.1093/socpro/spab055 · Cited by 9
Jehangir, R. R., Collins, K., & Molengraff, T. J. (2022) · Journal of College and Character · doi:10.1080/2194587x.2022.2053290 · Cited by 9
“…is imperative to resist monolithic narratives of the FG experience and embrace an intersectional perspective that social identities “operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but as reciprocally constructing phenomena that in turn shape complex social inequalities” (Collins, 2015, p. 2).”
BackgroundMfeka-Nkabinde, N. G., Moletsane, R., & Voce, A. S. (2023) · Gender questions · doi:10.25159/2412-8457/11552 · Cited by 11
Howard, J. (2018) · The Urban Review · doi:10.1007/s11256-018-0462-0 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Collins, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-1315;
- Venue
- Annual Review of Sociology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2015-08-14
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-20
- ISSN
- 0360-0572 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2115
- OpenAlex
- W2148974647
- Semantic Scholar
- 48116d925a63de9e9dd793450a6ed59d51767d35
- Cited by
- 2,419
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 254 · 2025: 320 · 2024: 325 · 2023: 295 · 2022: 287 · 2021: 240 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 220 · 2018: 130 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 28.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annual Review of Sociology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Keywords
- intersectionality, power relations, social inequality, race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, disability, age, critical praxis, social justice, knowledge production
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