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Neuroimaging and Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease: A Look to the Future
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Current consensus statements have emphasized the need for early recognition and the fact that a diagnosis of AD can be made with high accuracy by using clinical, neuropsychologic, and imaging assessments. Magnetic resonance (MR) or computed tomographic (CT) imaging is recommended for the routine evaluation of AD. Coronal MR images can be useful to document or quantify atrophy of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, both of which occur early in the disease process. Both volumetric and subtraction MR techniques can be used to quantify and monitor dementia progression and rates of regional atrophy. MR measures are also increasingly being used to monitor treatment effects in clinical trials of cognitive enhancers and antidementia agents. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission CT offer value in the differential diagnosis of AD from other cortical and subcortical dementias and may also offer prognostic value. In addition, PET studies have demonstrated that subtle abnormalities may be apparent in the prodromal stages of AD and in subjects who carry susceptibility genes. PET ligands are in late-stage development for demonstration of amyloid plaques, and human studies have already begun. Functional MR-based memory challenge tests are in development as well.
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“neuroradiological indexes of hippocampal atrophy [3], [4] and, consistent with the well-known role of the hippocampus in human declarative memory [5], episodic memory deficits [6], [7] are among the most powerful diagnostic indexes of AD from the very early phases, corresponding to the clinical condition of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI).”
From Atrophy of presubiculum and subiculum is the earliest hippocampal anatomical marker of Alzheimer's disease (2015) · cites this paper as [4]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Petrella, J. R., Coleman, R. E., & Doraiswamy, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Radiology
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 226
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 315-336
- ISSN
- 0033-8419 (ISSN-L)
- 1527-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2144803285
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 3.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG019728)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, early diagnosis, neuroimaging, hippocampal atrophy, entorhinal cortex atrophy, volumetric MRI, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission CT, differential diagnosis of dementia, prodromal Alzheimer's disease, treatment monitoring, dementia progression
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Predictive Value of Tests, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
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