Effect of antioxidant supplementation on insulin sensitivity in response to endurance exercise training
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While production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is associated with some of the beneficial adaptations to regular physical exercise, it is not established whether RONS play a role in the improved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle obtained by endurance training. To assess the effect of antioxidant supplementation during endurance training on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, 21 young healthy (age 29 ± 1 y, BMI 25 ± 3 kg/m 2 ) men were randomly assigned to either an antioxidant [AO; 500 mg vitamin C and 400 IU vitamin E (α-tocopherol) daily] or a placebo (PL) group that both underwent a supervised intense endurance-training program 5 times/wk for 12 wk. A 3-h euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, a maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o 2max ) and maximal power output (P max ) test, and body composition measurements (fat mass, fat-free mass) were performed before and after the training. Muscle biopsies were obtained for determination of the concentration and activity of proteins regulating glucose metabolism. Although plasma levels of vitamin C ( P < 0.05) and α-tocopherol ( P < 0.05) increased markedly in the AO group, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake increased similarly in both the AO (17.2%, P < 0.05) and the PL (18.9%, P < 0.05) group in response to training. V̇o 2max and P max also increased similarly in both groups (time effect, P < 0.0001 for both) as well as protein content of GLUT4, hexokinase II, and total Akt (time effect, P ≤ 0.05 for all). Our results indicate that administration of antioxidants during strenuous endurance training has no effect on the training-induced increase in insulin sensitivity in healthy individuals.
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Antioxidant supplements can negate the beneficial effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism.
“Moreover, although debated, antioxidant supplements can negate the beneficial effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism (6, 10).”
From Skeletal muscle NOX4 is required for adaptive responses that prevent insulin resistance (2021) · cites this paper as [10]
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Systems modeling of mitochondrial dynamics in different exercise regimesPreprint
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Adeleye, A. O., Oguntibeju, O. O., Titinchi, S. J. J., & Opuwari, C. S. (2026) · Applied Research · doi:10.1002/appl.70170
- Authors
- Yfanti, C., Nielsen, A. R., Åkerström, T., Nielsen, S., Rose, A. J., Richter, E. A., Lykkesfeldt, J., Fischer, C. P., & Pedersen, B. K.
- Affiliations
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences;
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Yfanti, Christina
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 300
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- E761-E770
- ISSN
- 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1555
- OpenAlex
- W2113097828
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 9.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- zenodo.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- antioxidant supplementation, vitamin C, vitamin E, insulin sensitivity, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, endurance training, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, GLUT4, hexokinase 2, Akt, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, VO2max, maximum power, body composition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Body Composition, Double-Blind Method, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen, Physical Endurance, Physical Fitness, RNA, Vitamin E, Blotting, Western, Anaerobic Threshold, Absorptiometry, Photon, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Luminescence, Young Adult
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