Oral administration of vitamin C decreases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in endurance performance
Open accessAbstract
Background Exercise practitioners often take vitamin C supplements because intense muscular contractile activity can result in oxidative stress, as indicated by altered muscle and blood glutathione concentrations and increases in protein, DNA, and lipid peroxidation. There is, however, considerable debate regarding the beneficial health effects of vitamin C supplementation.Objective This study was designed to study the effect of vitamin C on training efficiency in rats and in humans.Design The human study was double-blind and randomized. Fourteen men (27-36 y old) were trained for 8 wk. Five of the men were supplemented daily with an oral dose of 1 g vitamin C. In the animal study, 24 male Wistar rats were exercised under 2 different protocols for 3 and 6 wk. Twelve of the rats were treated with a daily dose of vitamin C (0.24 mg/cm2 body surface area).Results The administration of vitamin C significantly (P=0.014) hampered endurance capacity. The adverse effects of vitamin C may result from its capacity to reduce the exercise-induced expression of key transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. These factors are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor co-activator 1, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A. Vitamin C also prevented the exercise-induced expression of cytochrome C (a marker of mitochondrial content) and of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.Conclusion Vitamin C supplementation decreases training efficiency because it prevents some cellular adaptations to exercise.
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Antioxidant supplements or the deletion of NFE2L2 can block acute exercise-induced increases in PGC1α and mitochondrial biogenesis.
“Previous studies have shown that antioxidant supplements or the deletion of NFE2L2 can block acute exercise–induced increases in PGC1α and mitochondrial biogenesis (5–7).”
From Skeletal muscle NOX4 is required for adaptive responses that prevent insulin resistance (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
ROS show insulin-like effects, stimulating skeletal muscle glucose uptake during muscle contraction via the activation of AMPK and the induction of PGC-1α expression in vitro and in vivo.
“ROS show insulin-like effects, stimulating SkM glucose uptake during muscle contraction *via* the activation of AMPK ([81](#B81)) and the induction of PGC-1α expression *in vitro* and *in vivo* ([57](#B57), [79](#B79)).”
From Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in obesity (2013) · cites this paper as [57]
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Gomes, E. C., Allgrove, J. E., Florida‐James, G., & Stone, V. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01366.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Huck, C. J., Johnston, C. S., Beezhold, B. L., & Swan, P. D. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.021 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gomez-Cabrera, M.-C., Domenech, E., Romagnoli, M., Arduini, A., Borras, C., Pallardo, F. V., Sastre, J., & Viña, J.
- Affiliations
- Universitat de València (ES)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 142-149
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2138786739
- Semantic Scholar
- a5ea85cd5b7b3b40b2893bf4d8adfac1c0a41682
- Cited by
- 844
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 45.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- vitamin C supplementation, mitochondrial biogenesis, endurance performance, training effects, oxidative stress, PPAR-gamma coactivator 1, NRF1, TFAM, cytochrome c, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, antioxidant enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Administration, Oral, Adult, Animals, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, DNA-Binding Proteins, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Male, Mitochondria, Muscle, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Transcription Factors, Rats, Wistar, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Supplements, Mitochondrial Proteins, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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