Progressive alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism during short-term fasting in young adult men

Klein, S.; Sakurai, Y.; Romijn, J. A.; Carroll, R. M.

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.5.e801

Cited by 104Dietary Effects on HealthLipid metabolism and biosynthesisDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Progressive alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism during short-term fasting in young adult men

Klein, S., Sakurai, Y., Romijn, J. A., Carroll, R. M.·1993·American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.5.e801

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Abstract

Stable isotope tracers and indirect calorimetry were used to evaluate the progressive alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism after 12, 18, 24, 30, 42, 54, and 72 h of fasting in six healthy male volunteers. The rates of appearance (Ra) of glycerol and palmitic acid in plasma doubled from 2.08 +/- 0.22 and 1.63 +/- 0.20 mumol.kg-1 x min-1, respectively, after 12 h to 4.36 +/- 0.36 and 3.26 +/- 0.40 mumol.kg-1 x min-1, respectively, after 72 h of fasting (P < 0.01). Of the total increase in lipid kinetics, 60% occurred between 12 and 24 h of fasting; the greatest interval change occurred between 18 and 24 h of fasting. Glucose Ra and plasma concentration decreased by approximately 25% between 12 h (11.0 +/- 0.4 mumol.kg-1 x min-1 and 5.58 +/- 0.08 mmol/l, respectively) and 72 h (8.3 +/- 0.3 mumol.kg-1 x min-1 and 4.14 +/- 0.10 mmol/l, respectively) of fasting (P < 0.01), but no statistically significant changes occurred between 18 and 24 h of fasting. Plasma insulin decreased by approximately 50% between 12 h (64.6 +/- 12.9 pmol/l) and 72 h (30.1 +/- 7.9 pmol/l) of fasting (P < 0.001). Of the total decline in plasma insulin, 70% occurred within the first 24 h of fasting. These results demonstrate that the mobilization of adipose tissue triglycerides increases markedly between 18 and 24 h of fasting in young adult men. The early alterations in lipid metabolism are associated with a decline in circulating insulin but do not seem to be regulated by changes in glucose kinetics…

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After an overnight fast, plasma insulin concentrations fall and lipolysis increases, so the period is not a steady state.
“The exact length of the overnight fast may also be important: the steady state often supposed to exist after overnight fast is, in fact, a time of significant change in terms of falling plasma insulin concentrations and increasing lipolysis (Klein et al. 1993;Samra et al. 1996).”
From Glycaemic index methodology (2005) · cites this paper as Klein et al. 1993

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Authors: Klein, S., Sakurai, Y., Romijn, J. A., & Carroll, R. M.
Affiliations: The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
ORCID: Romijn, J. A.
Venue: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Published: 1993-11-01
Volume: 265
Issue: 5
Pages: E801-E806
ISSN: 0193-1849 (ISSN-L)
1522-1555
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.5.e801
OpenAlex: W1848960512
Cited by: 104
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 1.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r29ca050330-05)
U.S. Public Health Service (MO10073)
National Cancer Institute (CA 50330)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: short-term fasting, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, plasma insulin, glucose kinetics, plasma glucose, young men
MeSH terms: Adult, Blood Glucose, Deuterium, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Glucose, Glycerol, Humans, Isotope Labeling, Lipolysis, Male, Palmitic Acids, Regression Analysis, Time Factors, Triglycerides, Palmitic Acid

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Progressive alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism during short-term fasting in young adult men

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