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Immune response to heavy exertion
Open accessAbstract
Nieman, David C. Immune response to heavy exertion. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5): 1385–1394, 1997.—Epidemiological data suggest that endurance athletes are at increased risk for upper respiratory tract infection during periods of heavy training and the 1- to 2-wk period following race events. There is growing evidence that, for several hours subsequent to heavy exertion, several components of both the innate (e.g., natural killer cell activity and neutrophil oxidative burst activity) and adaptive (e.g., T and B cell function) immune system exhibit suppressed function. At the same time, plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are elevated, in particular interleukin-6- and interleukin-1-receptor antagonist. Various mechanisms explaining the altered immunity have been explored, including hormone-induced trafficking of immune cells and the direct influence of stress hormones, prostaglandin-E 2, cytokines, and other factors. The immune response to heavy exertion is transient, and further research on the mechanisms underlying the immune response to prolonged and intensive endurance exercise is necessary before meaningful clinical applications can be drawn. Some attempts have been made through chemical or nutritional means (e.g., indomethacin, glutamine, vitamin C, and carbohydrate supplementation) to attenuate immune changes following intensive exercise.
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Cites
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Self-citationCarbohydrate and the cytokine response to 2.5 h of running
Nehlsen-Cannarella, S. L., Fagoaga, O. R., Nieman, D. C., Henson, D. A., Butterworth, D. E., Schmitt, R. L., Bailey, E. M., Warren, B. J., Utter, A., & Davis, J. M. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.82.5.1662 · Cited by 311
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Self-citation(2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318279a10a · Cited by 1,233
Self-citationHEALTH PSYCHOLOGY: Mapping Biobehavioral Contributions to Health and Illness
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Muscle-derived interleukin-6: lipolytic, anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects
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Lancaster, G., Halson, S., Khan, Q., Drysdale, P., Wallace, F., Jeukendrup, A., Drayson, M., & Gleeson, M. (2026) · Exercise Immunology Review · doi:10.22029/eir.2004.1608 · Cited by 159
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Self-citationNeuroendocrine-immune interactions and responses to exercise
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NUTRITION, EXERCISE, AND IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTION
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Self-citationAirway inflammation in the elite athlete and type of sport
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Nutrient Timing: The Means to Improved Exercise Performance, Recovery, and Training Adaptation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nieman, D. C.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1997-05-01
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1385-1394
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2098057749
- Cited by
- 410
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 25.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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