Effect of carbohydrate feeding on the bone metabolic response to running
Open accessAbstract
Bone resorption is increased after running, with no change in bone formation. Feeding during exercise might attenuate this increase, preventing associated problems for bone. This study investigated the immediate and short-term bone metabolic responses to carbohydrate (CHO) feeding during treadmill running. Ten men completed two 7-day trials, once being fed CHO (8% glucose immediately before, every 20 min during, and immediately after exercise at a rate of 0.7 g CHO·kg body mass−1·h−1) and once being fed placebo (PBO). On day 4 of each trial, participants completed a 120-min treadmill run at 70% of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o 2 max). Blood was taken at baseline (BASE), immediately after exercise (EE), after 60 (R1) and 120 (R2) min of recovery, and on three follow-up days (FU1-FU3). Markers of bone resorption [COOH-terminal telopeptide region of collagen type 1 (β-CTX)] and formation [NH 2-terminal propeptides of procollagen type 1 (P1NP)] were measured, along with osteocalcin (OC), parathyroid hormone (PTH), albumin-adjusted calcium (ACa), phosphate, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), insulin, cortisol, leptin, and osteoprotogerin (OPG). Area under the curve was calculated in terms of the immediate (BASE, EE, R1, and R2) and short-term (BASE, FU1, FU2, and FU3) responses to exercise. β-CTX, P1NP, and IL-6 responses to exercise were significantly lower in the immediate postexercise period with CHO feeding compared with PBO (β-CTX: P = 0.028; P1NP: P = 0.021; IL-6: P = 0.036), although there was no difference in the short-term response (β-CTX: P = 0.856; P1NP: P = 0.721; IL-6: P = 0.327). No other variable was significantly affected by CHO feeding during exercise. We conclude that CHO feeding during exercise attenuated the β-CTX and P1NP responses in the hours but not days following exercise, indicating an acute effect of CHO feeding on bone turnover.
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Carbohydrate intake before, during, and after exercise illustrated positive effects on short-term bone turnover markers in healthy, physically active men ingesting 8% glucose supplements before, during, and after exercise compared to placebo.
“CHO intake before, during, and after exercise illustrated positive effects on short-term bone turnover markers in healthy, physically active men ingesting 8% glucose supplements before, during, and after exercise compared to placebo [53].”
From Considerations of Low Carbohydrate Availability (LCA) to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) in Female Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- Sale, C., Varley, I., Jones, T. W., James, R. M., Tang, J. C. Y., Fraser, W. D., & Greeves, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Nottingham Trent University (GB)
- Newcastle University (GB)
- University of East Anglia (GB)
- Ministry of Defence (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sale, Craig
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2015-10-01
- Volume
- 119
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 824-830
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- PMC
- PMC4593812
- OpenAlex
- W2159817663
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository) (acceptedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (acceptedVersion)
- UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (acceptedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity) (cc-by)
- Funders
- Nottingham Trent University
- Trent University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- carbohydrate feeding, running, bone turnover, bone resorption, bone formation, β-CTX, P1NP, interleukin-6, physical activity, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, glucagon-like peptide-2, osteoprotegerin, post-exercise recovery
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bone and Bones, Bone Resorption, Calcium, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Peptide Fragments, Procollagen, Running, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Collagen Type I, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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