Sodium nitrate ingestion increases skeletal muscle nitrate content in humans
Open accessAbstract
Nitrate ([Formula: see text]) ingestion has been shown to have vasoactive and ergogenic effects that have been attributed to increased nitric oxide (NO) production. Recent observations in rodents suggest that skeletal muscle tissue serves as an endogenous [Formula: see text] “reservoir.” The present study determined [Formula: see text] contents in human skeletal muscle tissue in a postabsorptive state and following ingestion of a sodium nitrate bolus (NaNO3). Seventeen male, type 2 diabetes patients (age 72 ± 1 yr; body mass index 26.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2; means ± SE) were randomized to ingest a dose of NaNO3 (NIT; 9.3 mg [Formula: see text]/kg body wt) or placebo (PLA; 8.8 mg NaCl/kg body wt). Blood and muscle biopsy samples were taken before and up to 7 h following [Formula: see text] or placebo ingestion to assess [Formula: see text] [and plasma nitrite ([Formula: see text])] concentrations. Additionally, basal plasma and muscle [Formula: see text] concentrations were assessed in 10 healthy young (CON-Y; age 21 ± 1 yr) and 10 healthy older (CON-O; age 75 ± 1 yr) control subjects. In all groups, baseline [Formula: see text] concentrations were higher in muscle (NIT, 57 ± 7; PLA, 61 ± 7; CON-Y, 80 ± 10; CON-O, 54 ± 6 µmol/l) than in plasma (NIT, 35 ± 3; PLA, 32 ± 3; CON-Y, 38 ± 3; CON-O, 33 ± 3 µmol/l; P ≤ 0.011). Ingestion of NaNO3 resulted in a sustained increase in plasma [Formula: see text], plasma [Formula: see text], and muscle [Formula: see text] concentrations (up to 185 ± 25 µmol/l) in the NIT group (time effect P < 0.001) compared with PLA (treatment effect P < 0.05). In conclusion, basal [Formula: see text] concentrations are substantially higher in human skeletal muscle tissue compared with plasma. Ingestion of a bolus of dietary [Formula: see text] increases both plasma and muscle [Formula: see text] contents in humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Literature of the pharmacokinetics following dietary nitrate ingestion is usually limited to the changes observed in plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations. The present investigation assessed the skeletal muscle nitrate content in humans during the postabsorptive state, as well as following dietary nitrate ingestion. We show that basal nitrate content is higher in skeletal muscle tissue than in plasma and that ingestion of a dietary nitrate bolus strongly increases both plasma and muscle nitrate concentrations.
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Another mechanism that could improve skeletal muscle contractile function after NO3− supplementation is post-translational modification of skeletal muscle contractile or Ca2+-handling proteins.
“Another mechanism that could improve skeletal muscle contractile function after NO3− supplementation is the post-translational modification of the skeletal muscle contractile or Ca2+-handling proteins [136].”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [136]
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- Authors
- Nyakayiru, J., Kouw, I. W. K., Cermak, N. M., Senden, J. M., van Loon, L. J. C., & Verdijk, L. B.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Verdijk, Lex B.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2017-09-01
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 637-644
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2732090350
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 4.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- sodium nitrate, dietary nitrate, plasma nitrate, plasma nitrite, nitric oxide, type 2 diabetes, nitrate ingestion, older adults, postabsorptive state, muscle biopsy, heart rate, heart rate variability, heart rate recovery, blood pressure recovery, autonomic function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Eating, Humans, Male, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Nitrogen Oxides, Muscle, Skeletal, Young Adult
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