Encoding of reward expectation by monkey anterior insular neurons
Open accessAbstract
The insula, a cortical brain region that is known to encode information about autonomic, visceral, and olfactory functions, has recently been shown to encode information during reward-seeking tasks in both single neuronal recording and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. To examine the reward-related activation, we recorded from 170 single neurons in anterior insula of 2 monkeys during a multitrial reward schedule task, where the monkeys had to complete a schedule of 1, 2, 3, or 4 trials to earn a reward. In one block of trials a visual cue indicated whether a reward would or would not be delivered in the current trial after the monkey successfully detected that a red spot turned green, and in other blocks the visual cue was random with respect to reward delivery. Over one-quarter of 131 responsive neurons were activated when the current trial would (certain or uncertain) be rewarded if performed correctly. These same neurons failed to respond in trials that were certain, as indicated by the cue, to be unrewarded. Another group of neurons responded when the reward was delivered, similar to results reported previously. The dynamics of population activity in anterior insula also showed strong signals related to knowing when a reward is coming. The most parsimonious explanation is that this activity codes for a type of expected outcome, where the expectation encompasses both certain and uncertain rewards.
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Activity in areas subserving interoception, including the insula and ACC, shows patterns consistent with the representation of risk and risk and reward prediction errors.
“Studies using this technique have demonstrated that activity in areas subserving interoception, including the insula and ACC, show patterns of activity consistent with the representation of risk (formally the variance associated with the outcome of a particular stimulus) and risk and reward prediction errors (Asahi et al., 2006; Mizuhiki et al., 2012; Paulus, Rogalsky, et al., 2003; Preuschoff et”
From Atypical interoception as a common risk factor for psychopathology: A review (2021) · cites this paper as Mizuhiki et al., 2012
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that prior fMRI studies linked insular activity to risk, which supports part of the background claim. But this paper recorded neurons in monkey anterior insula, not fMRI activity in the insula and ACC; its Discussion says its own neuronal responses are unlikely to encode risk or reward prediction error. It does not establish the claimed risk-prediction-error pattern. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Mizuhiki, T., Richmond, B. J., & Shidara, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shidara, Munetaka
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2012-06-01
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2996-3007
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- PMC
- PMC3378365
- OpenAlex
- W1964019124
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- National Institutes of Health
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23700501, 22300138)
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- anterior insula, reward anticipation, single-unit recording, reward prediction, uncertainty, outcome expectations, population activity, primate neurophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Color Perception, Macaca mulatta, Neurons, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Random Allocation, Reward, Anticipation, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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