Phosphene induction and the generation of saccadic eye movements by striate cortex
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to critically examine phosphene induction and saccadic eye movement generation by electrical microstimulation of striate cortex (area V1) in humans and monkeys. The following issues are addressed: 1) Properties of electrical stimulation as they pertain to the activation of V1 elements; 2) the induction of phosphenes in sighted and blind human subjects elicited by electrical stimulation using various stimulation parameters and electrode types; 3) the induction of phosphenes with electrical microstimulation of V1 in monkeys; 4) the generation of saccadic eye movements with electrical microstimulation of V1 in monkeys; and 5) the tasks involved for the development of a cortical visual prosthesis for the blind. In this review it is concluded that electrical microstimulation of area V1 in trained monkeys can be used to accelerate the development of an effective prosthetic device for the blind.
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TMS of occipital visual areas can induce tactile sensations in Braille readers, similarly to visual phosphenes in the sighted.
“Moreover, TMS of occipital visual areas can induce tactile sensations in Braille readers, similarly to visual phosphenes in the sighted (Cowey & Walsh, 2000; Penfield & Boldrey, 1937; Tehovnik et al.,2005).”
From Designing sensory-substitution devices: Principles, pitfalls and potential1 (2016) · cites this paper as Tehovnik et al.,2005
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“When electrical stimulation is delivered to V1 of humans, the evoked phosphene is most often described as a bright spot of light, and only rarely is it described as a dark spot (Brindley and Lewin 1968a,b; Dobelle and Mladejovsky 1974; Schmidt et al. 1996).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAxons, but not cell bodies, are activated by electrical stimulation in cortical gray matter
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“They found that cross-modal plasticity developed rapidly and that the occipital cortex was involved in tactile discrimination.”
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Perceived intensity of somatosensory cortical electrical stimulation
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Rosenfeld, J. V., Wong, Y. T., Yan, E., Szlawski, J., Mohan, A., Clark, J. C., Rosa, M., & Lowery, A. (2020) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ab9e1c · Cited by 35 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tehovnik, E. J., Slocum, W. M., Carvey, C. E., & Schiller, P. H.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carvey, C. E.
- ORCID
- Slocum, W. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Neurophysiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-19
- ISSN
- 0022-3077 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1598
- OpenAlex
- W2117460714
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neurophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (R01EY008502, EY-08502)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- saccades, primary visual cortex, electrical microstimulation, cortical visual prosthesis, stimulation parameters, electrode type, monkey visual cortex
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Neurons, Phosphenes, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Saccades, Sensory Thresholds, Visual Cortex, Neural Networks, Computer
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