Cortical visual prostheses: From microstimulation to functional percept
Abstract
Cortical visual prostheses are intended to restore vision by targeted electrical stimulation of the visual cortex. The perception of spots of light, called phosphenes, resulting from microstimulation of the visual pathway, suggests the possibility of creating meaningful percept made of phosphenes. However, to date electrical stimulation of V1 has still not resulted in perception of phosphenated images that goes beyond punctate spots of light. In this review, we summarize the clinical and experimental progress that has been made in generating phosphenes and modulating their associated perceptual characteristics in human and macaque primary visual cortex (V1). We focus specifically on the effects of different microstimulation parameters on perception and we analyse key challenges facing the generation of meaningful artificial percepts. Finally, we propose solutions to these challenges based on the application of supervised learning of population codes for spatial stimulation of visual cortex.
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Electrical stimulation of small groups of neurons in visual prostheses evokes a percept of spatially localized flashes of light called phosphenes.
“through electrical stimulation of small groups of neurons, they evoke a percept of spatially localized flashes of light, called phosphenes (Brindley & Lewin, 1968; Najarpour Foroushani, Pack, & Sawan, 2018).”
From End-to-end optimization of prosthetic vision (2022) · cites this paper as Najarpour Foroushani, Pack, & Sawan, 2018
Cortical visual prostheses currently do not allow for systematic control over phosphene brightness.
“At this time, cortical visual prostheses do not allow for systematic control over phosphene brightness (Najarpour Foroushani et al., 2018; Troyk et al., 2003).”
From End-to-end optimization of prosthetic vision (2022) · cites this paper as Najarpour Foroushani et al., 2018
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Shape perception via a high-channel-count neuroprosthesis in monkey visual cortex
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End-to-end optimization of prosthetic vision
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“in terms of their entry point in the visual system), they share the same basic mechanism of action: through electrical stimulation of neurons in the visual system, they evoke a percept of spatially localized flashes of light, called phosphenes [10, 11].”
BackgroundSelective activation of the visual cortex
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- Authors
- Najarpour Foroushani, A., Pack, C. C., & Sawan, M.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Polytechnique Montréal (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2018-02-14
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 021005
- ISSN
- 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2560
- OpenAlex
- W2791945743
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Canada Research Chairs in Smart Medical Devices
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Keywords
- phosphenes, primary visual cortex, microstimulation, visual perception, population coding, supervised learning, macaque, vision restoration
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electric Stimulation, Humans, Macaca, Microelectrodes, Phosphenes, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Visual Prosthesis
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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