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Cited by 977

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Male Reproductive Disorders and Fertility Trends: Influences of Environment and Genetic Susceptibility

Open access
Skakkebaek, Niels E., Rajpert-De Meyts, Ewa, Buck Louis, Germaine M., Toppari, Jorma, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Eisenberg, Michael L., Jensen, Tina Kold, Jørgensen, Niels, Swan, Shanna H., Sapra, Katherine J., Ziebe, Søren, Priskorn, Lærke, Juul, Anders·2016·Physiological Reviews
DOI 10.1152/physrev.00017.2015
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Abstract

It is predicted that Japan and European Union will soon experience appreciable decreases in their populations due to persistently low total fertility rates (TFR) below replacement level (2.1 child per woman). In the United States, where TFR has also declined, there are ethnic differences. Caucasians have rates below replacement, while TFRs among African-Americans and Hispanics are higher. We review possible links between TFR and trends in a range of male reproductive problems, including testicular cancer, disorders of sex development, cryptorchidism, hypospadias, low testosterone levels, poor semen quality, childlessness, changed sex ratio, and increasing demand for assisted reproductive techniques. We present evidence that several adult male reproductive problems arise in utero and are signs of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS). Although TDS might result from genetic mutations, recent evidence suggests that it most often is related to environmental exposures of the fetal testis. However, environmental factors can also affect the adult endocrine system. Based on our review of genetic and environmental factors, we conclude that environmental exposures arising from modern lifestyle, rather than genetics, are the most important factors in the observed trends. These environmental factors might act either directly or via epigenetic mechanisms. In the latter case, the effects of exposures might have an impact for several generations post-exposure. In conclusion, there is an urgent need to prioritize research in reproductive physiology and pathophysiology, particularly in highly industrialized countries facing decreasing populations. We highlight a number of topics that need attention by researchers in human physiology, pathophysiology, environmental health sciences, and demography.

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Metadata

Authors
Skakkebaek, N. E., Rajpert-De Meyts, E., Buck Louis, G. M., Toppari, J., Andersson, A.-M., Eisenberg, M. L., Jensen, T. K., Jørgensen, N., Swan, S. H., Sapra, K. J., Ziebe, S., Priskorn, L., & Juul, A.
Venue
Physiological Reviews
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2016-01
Volume
96
Issue
1
Pages
55-97
ISSN
  • 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1210
DOI
10.1152/physrev.00017.2015
OpenAlex
W2190800365
Cited by
977
References
21
FWCI
11.87
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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