The DOI matches its Crossref record; 279 of the 279 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Regulation of Body Weight in Humans
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in body weight regulation in humans include genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors. Stability of body weight and body composition requires that energy intake matches energy expenditure and that nutrient balance is achieved. Human obesity is usually associated with high rates of energy expenditure. In adult individuals, protein and carbohydrate stores vary relatively little, whereas adipose tissue mass may change markedly. A feedback regulatory loop with three distinct steps has been recently identified in rodents: 1) a sensor that monitors the size of adipose tissue mass is represented by the amount of leptin synthesized by adipose cells (a protein encoded by the ob gene) which determines the plasma leptin levels; 2) hypothalamic centers, with specific leptin receptors, which receive and integrate the intensity of the signal; and 3) effector systems that influence the two determinants of energy balance, i.e., energy intake and energy expenditure. With the exception of a few very rare cases, the majority of obese human subjects have high plasma leptin levels that are related to the size of their adipose tissue mass. However, the expected regulatory responses (reduction in food intake and increase in energy expenditure) are not observed in obese individuals. Thus obese humans are resistant to the effect of endogenous leptin, despite unaltered hypothalamic leptin receptors. Whether defects in the leptin signaling cascade play a role in the development of human obesity is a field of great actual interest that needs further research. Present evidences suggest that genetic and environmental factors influence eating behavior of people prone to obesity and that diets that are high in fat or energy dense undermine body weight regulation by promoting an overconsumption of energy relative to need.
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Cites
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Cited by
Medicinal strategies in the treatment of obesity
Bray, G. A., & Tartaglia, L. A. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007544 · Cited by 432
Why is the developed world obese?
Bleich, S. N., Cutler, D., Murray, C., & Adams, A. (2008) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954 · Cited by 404
Appetite control and energy balance: Impact of exercise
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Sensory and sympathetic nervous system control of white adipose tissue lipolysis
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Appetite sensations and satiety quotient: Predictors of energy intake and weight loss
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jéquier, E., & Tappy, L.
- Venue
- Physiological Reviews
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1999-04-01
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 451-480
- ISSN
- 0031-9333 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-1210
- OpenAlex
- W2131423285
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 279
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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