Cited by 737Probiotics and Fermented FoodsProtein Hydrolysis and Bioactive PeptidesGut microbiota and health

Postbiotics-Parabiotics: The New Horizons in Microbial Biotherapy and Functional Foods

Open access
Nataraj, Basavaprabhu H., Ali, Syed Azmal, Behare, Pradip V., Yadav, Hariom·2020·Microbial Cell Factories

Abstract

Probiotics have several health benefits by modulating gut microbiome; however, techno-functional limitations such as viability controls have hampered their full potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Therefore, the focus is gradually shifting from viable probiotic bacteria towards non-viable paraprobiotics and/or probiotics derived biomolecules, so-called postbiotics. Paraprobiotics and postbiotics are the emerging concepts in the functional foods field because they impart an array of health-promoting properties. Although, these terms are not well defined, however, for time being these terms have been defined as here. The postbiotics are the complex mixture of metabolic products secreted by probiotics in cell-free supernatants such as enzymes, secreted proteins, short chain fatty acids, vitamins, secreted biosurfactants, amino acids, peptides, organic acids, etc. While, the paraprobiotics are the inactivated microbial cells of probiotics (intact or ruptured containing cell components such as peptidoglycans, teichoic acids, surface proteins, etc.) or crude cell extracts (i.e. with complex chemical composition)". However, in many instances postbiotics have been used for whole category of postbiotics and parabiotics. These elicit several advantages over probiotics like; (i) availability in their pure form, (ii) ease in production and storage, (iii) availability of production process for industrial-scale-up, (iv) specific mechanism of action, (v) better accessibility of Microbes Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP) during recognition and interaction with Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR) and (vi) more likely to trigger only the targeted responses by specific ligand-receptor interactions. The current review comprehensively summarizes and discussed various methodologies implied to extract, purify, and identification of paraprobiotic and postbiotic compounds and their potential health benefits.

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Crossref · 10.1186/s12934-020-01426-w

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  • Some EPSs identified from LAB have biological functions including free radical scavenging, free cholesterol binding, gut microbiota modulation, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties.

    “Several LAB species, particularly those of the genus Lactobacillus, are capable of producing EPSs, and some of the EPSs identified to date by LAB have been shown to have biological functions, such as free radical scavenging, free cholesterol binding, gut microbiota modulation, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties [8,15,16].”

    From Analysis of Chemical Structure and Antibiofilm Properties of Exopolysaccharides from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum EIR/IF-1 Postbiotics (2022) · cites this paper as [8]

    The Exopolysaccharides section (page unavailable) says LAB produce EPS and reports free-radical scavenging, free-cholesterol binding, gut microbiota modulation, antitumor, and antibiofilm effects, with antitumor effects described in preclinical trials. It does not identify a separate antimicrobial effect of EPS; the table in the Biosurfactants section attributes antimicrobial effects to biosurfactants instead. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Several LAB species, particularly those of the genus Lactobacillus, are capable of producing EPSs.

    “Several LAB species, particularly those of the genus Lactobacillus, are capable of producing EPSs, and some of the EPSs identified to date by LAB have been shown to have biological functions”

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Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [67]Kaur HP Prasad B Kaur S A review on applications of biosurfactants produced from unconventional inexpensive wastes in food and agriculture Industry World J Pharm Res. 2015 4 827 842
  2. [131]De Marco S Sichetti M Muradyan D Piccioni M Traina G Pagiotti R Pietrella D Probiotic cell-free supernatants exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity on human gut epithelial cells and macrophages stimulated with LPS Evid Based Complementary Alternative Med 2018 2018 1 12 PMC6057331 30069221
  3. [189]Wang K Niu M Song D Song X Zhao J Wu Y Lu B Niu G Preparation, partial characterization and biological activity of exopolysaccharides produced from Lactobacillus fermentum S1 J Biosci Bioeng 2019 129 26 214 31471140
  4. [190]Merghni A Dallel I Noumi E Kadmi Y Hentati H Tobji S Amor AB Mastouri M Antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of biosurfactants isolated from Lactobacillus casei and their anti-biofilm effect in oral Staphylococcus aureus strains Microb Pathog 2017 104 84 89 28087493
  5. [200]Nagpal R Wang S Ahmadi S Hayes J Gagliano J Subashchandrabose S Kitzman DW Becton T Read R Yadav H Human-origin probiotic cocktail increases short-chain fatty acid production via modulation of mice and human gut microbiome Sci Rep. 2018 8 649 30139941 PMC6107516

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Authors
Nataraj, B. H., Ali, S. A., Behare, P. V., & Yadav, H.
Affiliations
  • National Dairy Research Institute (IN)
  • Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
Corresponding author
  • Behare, Pradip V.
  • Yadav, Hariom
Venue
Microbial Cell Factories
Published
2020-08-20
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
168-168
ISSN
1475-2859 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3059301501
Cited by
737
References
210
Citations by year
2026: 124 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 165 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 117 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 3
FWCI
6.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Microbial Cell Factories (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (R01AG018915, P30AG21332, UL1TR001420)
  • Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (W81XWH-19-1-0236)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords
postbiotics, paraprobiotics, probiotics, functional foods, cell-free supernatant, microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, biosurfactants, peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, pattern recognition receptors, microbe-associated molecular patterns, health-promoting properties
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Bacteria, Biological Products, Biological Therapy, Insurance Benefits, Probiotics, Microbial Viability, Functional Food

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