Health Benefits of Heat-Killed (Tyndallized) Probiotics: An Overview

Piqué, Núria; Berlanga, Mercedes; Miñana-Galbis, David

doi:10.3390/ijms20102534

Cited by 642Probiotics and Fermented FoodsGut microbiota and healthInfant Nutrition and Health

Health Benefits of Heat-Killed (Tyndallized) Probiotics: An Overview

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Piqué, Núria, Berlanga, Mercedes, Miñana-Galbis, David·2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences

DOI 10.3390/ijms20102534PMC PMC6566317

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Abstract

Nowadays, the oral use of probiotics is widespread. However, the safety profile with the use of live probiotics is still a matter of debate. Main risks include: Cases of systemic infections due to translocation, particularly in vulnerable patients and pediatric populations; acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes; or interference with gut colonization in neonates. To avoid these risks, there is an increasing interest in non-viable microorganisms or microbial cell extracts to be used as probiotics, mainly heat-killed (including tyndallized) probiotic bacteria (lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria). Heat-treated probiotic cells, cell-free supernatants, and purified key components are able to confer beneficial effects, mainly immunomodulatory effects, protection against enteropathogens, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. At the clinical level, products containing tyndallized probiotic strains have had a role in gastrointestinal diseases, including bloating and infantile coli—in combination with mucosal protectors—and diarrhea. Heat-inactivated probiotics could also have a role in the management of dermatological or respiratory allergic diseases. The reviewed data indicate that heat-killed bacteria or their fractions or purified components have key probiotic effects, with advantages versus live probiotics (mainly their safety profile), positioning them as interesting strategies for the management of common prevalent conditions in a wide variety of patients´ characteristics.

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Key structures in the cell or supernatant fractions may confer probiotic properties, mainly through immune-modulation, protection against pathogens, and fortifying mucosal barrier integrity.
“Piqué et al. (2019) suggested the presence of key structures in the cell or supernatant fractions may confer probiotic properties, mainly through immune-modulation, protection against pathogens, and fortifying the mucosal barrier integrity [261].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [261]
Preparations from certain probiotic species and strains have shown to maintain health benefits even after no longer being viable.
“However, preparations from certain probiotic species and strains (such as those from lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) have shown to maintain health benefits even after no longer being viable [261–263].”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics (2019) · cites this paper as [261]

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Oral Administration of Heat-KilledLactobacillus plantarumStrain b240 Protected Mice againstSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium
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Conjugal transfer of erm(B) and multiple tet genes from Lactobacillus spp. to bacterial pathogens in animal gut, in vitro and during food fermentation
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Gut Microbiota: The Next-Gen Frontier in Preventive and Therapeutic Medicine?
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Oral Administration of Heat-Killed Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 Ameliorates the Development of Dermatitis and Inhibits Immunoglobulin E Production in Atopic Dermatitis Model NC/Nga Mice
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Soluble Factors from Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1098 Have Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Mice
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Lactic acid production by Streptococcus thermophilus alters Clostridium difficile infection and in vitro Toxin A production
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Exopolysaccharide-producing Streptococcus thermophilus CRL1190 reduces the inflammatory response caused by Helicobacter pylori
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Effects of heat-inactivated Bifidobacterium BB12 on cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans in vitro
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Structure of Polysaccharide-Peptidoglycan Complex from the Cell Wall of Lactobacillus casei YIT9018
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Functional 13C-urea and glucose hydrogen/methane breath tests reveal significant association of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in individuals with active Helicobacter pylori infection
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Authors: Piqué, N., Berlanga, M., & Miñana-Galbis, D.
Affiliations: Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Corresponding author: Piqué, Núria
ORCID: Piqué, Núria
Berlanga, Mercedes
Miñana-Galbis, David
Venue: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2019-05-23
Volume: 20
Issue: 10
Pages: 2534
ISSN: 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102534
PMC: PMC6566317
OpenAlex: W2946568639
Cited by: 642
References: 190
Citations by year: 2026: 90 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 120 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 5.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
Keywords: heat-killed probiotics, probiotic safety, lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium, cell-free supernatant, immunomodulation, intestinal barrier integrity, antibiotic resistance, gastrointestinal diseases, allergic diseases
MeSH terms: Animals, Bacterial Infections, Bifidobacterium, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hot Temperature, Humans, Lactobacillus, Probiotics, Microbial Viability, Immunomodulation

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