Cited by 280Cancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismEpigenetics and DNA MethylationRNA modifications and cancer

l -2-Hydroxyglutarate: An Epigenetic Modifier and Putative Oncometabolite in Renal Cancer

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Shim, Eun-Hee, Livi, Carolina B., Rakheja, Dinesh, Tan, Jubilee, Benson, Daniel, Parekh, Vishwas, Kho, Eun-Young, Ghosh, Arindam P. +13 more·2014·Cancer Discovery

Published version of a preprint

Abstract

Through unbiased metabolomics, we identified elevations of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). 2HG can inhibit 2-oxoglutaratre (2-OG)–dependent dioxygenases that mediate epigenetic events, including DNA and histone demethylation. 2HG accumulation, specifically the d enantiomer, can result from gain-of-function mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1, IDH2) found in several different tumors. In contrast, kidney tumors demonstrate elevations of the l enantiomer of 2HG (l-2HG). High-2HG tumors demonstrate reduced DNA levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), consistent with 2HG-mediated inhibition of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, which convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5hmC. l-2HG elevation is mediated in part by reduced expression of l-2HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH). L2HGDH reconstitution in RCC cells lowers l-2HG and promotes 5hmC accumulation. In addition, L2HGDH expression in RCC cells reduces histone methylation and suppresses in vitro tumor phenotypes. Our report identifies l-2HG as an epigenetic modifier and putative oncometabolite in kidney cancer. Significance: Here, we report elevations of the putative oncometabolite l-2HG in the most common subtype of kidney cancer and describe a novel mechanism for the regulation of DNA 5hmC levels. Our findings provide new insight into the metabolic basis for the epigenetic landscape of renal cancer. Cancer Discov; 4(11); 1290–8. ©2014 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1243

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  • Increased L-2-HG levels caused by reduced expression of L2HGDH have been reported in renal cancer.

    “Furthermore, increased L-2-HG levels caused by reduced expression of L2HGDH have been reported in renal cancer96.”

    From Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism (2020) · cites this paper as [96]

  • Specific increase in L-2-HG found in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, where it correlates with increased methylcytosine levels.

    “In addition, a specific increase in the L enantiomer of 2-HG, which was shown to exert similar, but not identical, inhibitory effects on α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases was found in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, where it correlates with increased methylcytosine levels (Shim et al., 2014).”

    From The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Shim et al., 2014

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Authors
Shim, E.-H., Livi, C. B., Rakheja, D., Tan, J., Benson, D., Parekh, V., Kho, E.-Y., Ghosh, A. P., Kirkman, R., Velu, S., Dutta, S., Chenna, B., Rea, S. L., Mishur, R. J., Li, Q., Johnson-Pais, T. L., Guo, L., Bae, S., Wei, S., Block, K., & Sudarshan, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
  • The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
  • 5Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
  • 7Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
  • Metabolon (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
Sudarshan, Sunil
Venue
Cancer Discovery
Published
2014-11-01
Volume
4
Issue
11
Pages
1290-1298
ISSN
  • 2159-8274 (ISSN-L)
  • 2159-8290
OpenAlex
W1984882020
Cited by
280
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 1
FWCI
6.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cancer Discovery (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001120, KL2TR001118)
  • University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
  • National Cancer Institute (P30CA054174, R01CA131272, R01 NCI CA131272, K08CA138774, P30CA013148)
  • National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025767)
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA modifications and cancer
Keywords
L-2-hydroxyglutarate, renal cell carcinoma, oncometabolites, epigenetic regulators, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, TET enzymes, IDH mutation, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, histone methylation, DNA demethylation, histone demethylation, cancer metabolism
MeSH terms
Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Glutarates, Humans, Kidney Neoplasms, RNA, Messenger, Epigenesis, Genetic, Cell Line, Tumor, HEK293 Cells

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