Roles of ghrelin and leptin in the control of reproductive function
Abstract
Reproductive function in mammals, defined as the capacity to generate viable male and female gametes, and to support pregnancy and lactation selectively in the female, is sensitive to the metabolic state of the organism. This contention, long assumed on the basis of intuitive knowledge, became formulated on a scientific basis only recently, with the identification of a number of neuroendocrine signals which crucially participate in the joint control of energy balance and reproduction. A paradigmatic example in this context is the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin; a satiety factor which signals the amount of body energy (fat) stores not only to the circuits controlling food intake but also to a number of neuroendocrine axes, including the reproductive system. More recently, the reproductive dimension of another metabolic hormone, namely the orexigenic stomach-secreted peptide, ghrelin, has been disclosed by observations on its putative roles in the control of gonadal function and gonadotropin secretion. Of note, leptin and ghrelin have been proposed to act as reciprocal regulators of energy homeostasis. However, their potential interplay in the control of reproduction remains largely unexplored. Based on the comparison of the biological actions of leptin and ghrelin at different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, reviewed in detail herein, we propose that, through concurrent or antagonistic actions, the leptin-ghrelin pair is likely to operate also as modulator of different reproductive functions, thereby contributing to the physiological integration of reproduction and energy balance.
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Leptin is a permissive metabolic signal to the reproductive system; its circulating concentrations inform the actual size of energy reserves not only to the reproductive axis, but to several body systems.
“Leptin is a permissive metabolic signal to the reproductive system; its circulating concentrations inform of the actual size of energy reserves not only to the reproductive axis, but to several body systems.95”
From Pubertal development and regulation (2016) · cites this paper as [95]
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Archanco, M., Muruzábal, F., Llópiz, D., et al. (2003) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/002215540305101003 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Duggal, P. S., Weitsman, S., Magoffin, D., et al. (2002) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep.0.1230899 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Modulatory Effects of Leptin on Leydig Cell Function of Normal and Hyperleptinemic Rats
Giovambattista, A., Suescun, M. O., Nessralla, C. C. D. L., França, L. R., Spinedi, E., & Calandra, R. S. (2003) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000074448 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Pituitary Function
Fink, G. (2000) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-707-9_7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Tena‐Sempere, M., Pinilla, L., Gonzalez, L., et al. (2000) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.0.1420406 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationSchurgin, S., Canavan, B., Koutkia, P., DePaoli, A. M., & Grinspoon, S. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1102 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Impact of gonadotropin administration on folliculogenesis in prepubertal ob/ob mice
Olatinwo, M. O., Bhat, G. K., Stah, C. D., & Mann, D. R. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.003 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
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Pubertal development and regulation
Abreu, A. P., & Kaiser, U. B. (2016) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00418-0 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Female reproduction and type 1 diabetes: From mechanisms to clinical findings
Codner, E., Merino, P. M., & Tena-Sempere, M. (2012) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dms024 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of dietary fats on brain functions
Chianese, R., Coccurello, R., Viggiano, A., Scafuro, M., Fiore, M., Coppola, G., Operto, F. F., Fasano, S., Laye, S., Pierantoni, R., et al. (2018) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666171017102547 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Connecting metabolism and reproduction: roles of central energy sensors and key molecular mediators
Roa, J., & Tena-Sempere, M. (2014) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.027 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationEnergy balance and puberty onset: Emerging role of central mTOR signaling
Roa, J., & Tena-Sempere, M. (2010) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2010.05.003 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Metabolic Regulation of Kisspeptin
Castellano, J. M., & Tena-Sempere, M. (2013) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_17 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Tena-Sempere, M.
- Venue
- Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 229-241
- ISSN
- 0028-3835 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0194
- OpenAlex
- W2053268739
- Cited by
- 141
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 7.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidad de Córdoba
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- ghrelin, leptin, reproductive function, energy balance, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, gonadotropin secretion, gonadal function, metabolic hormones, pregnancy and lactation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appetite Regulation, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Neurosecretory Systems, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Reproduction, Leptin, Ghrelin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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