The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuroanatomy of Apathy and Disinhibition in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neural basis for the behavioral symptoms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) that cause the greatest caregiver distress. BACKGROUND: FTLD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with behavioral disturbances. Group studies have related these behaviors to volume loss on MRI. METHODS: Forty caregivers of patients with the clinical diagnosis of FTLD completed the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Twelve neuropsychiatric symptoms and the associated caregiver distress were assessed. Optimized voxel-based morphometry identified significant atrophy in subgroups of FTLD patients with isolated behavioral symptoms corresponding to the most distressing behaviors, and we correlated cortical atrophy directly with these distressing behavioral disorders in an unbiased group analysis. RESULTS: The greatest stressors for caregivers were apathy and disinhibition (p < 0.005 for both contrasts). Partially distinct areas of cortical atrophy were associated with these behaviors in both individual patients with these symptoms and group-wide analyses, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in apathetic patients, and the medial orbital frontal cortex in disinhibited patients. CONCLUSIONS: Caregiver stress in families of FTLD patients is due in large part to apathy and disinhibition. The anatomic distribution of cortical loss corresponding to these distressing social behaviors includes partially distinct areas within the frontal lobe.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“People with frontotemporal dementia are more likely to experience frequent and serious BPSD, e.g., agitation, disinhibition, apathy and eating abnormalities [125,126,127,128].”
From Relationship of Psychological Flexibility and Mindfulness to Caregiver Burden, and Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Caregivers of People with Dementia (2023) · cites this paper as [126]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Ikeda, M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21,012
Kok, J. S., Berg, I. J., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000353441 · Cited by 20,589
Older Adults' Reasons for Using Technology while Aging in Place
Peek, S. T. M., Luijkx, K. G., Rijnaard, M. D., Nieboer, M. E., van der Voort, C. S., Aarts, S., van Hoof, J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Wouters, E. (2015) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000430949 · Cited by 19,852
Sensitivity and False Alarm Rate of a Fall Sensor in Long-Term Fall Detection in the Elderly
Kangas, M., Korpelainen, R., Vikman, I., Nyberg, L., & Jämsä, T. J. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000362720 · Cited by 19,007
Zhang, Y., Brady, M., & Smith, S. M. (2001) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.906424 · Cited by 7,628
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria
Neary, D., Snowden, J. S., Gustafson, L., Passant, U., Stuss, D., Black, S., Freedman, M., Kertesz, A., Robert, P. H., Albert, M., et al. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.6.1546 · Cited by 5,047
Weıntraub, S. (1990) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530120075013 · Cited by 3,018
Severe disturbance of higher cognition after bilateral frontal lobe ablation: Patient EVR
Eslinger, P. J., & Damasio, A. R. (1985) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.35.12.1731 · Cited by 1,426
The neural basis of human moral cognition
Moll, J., Zahn, R., de Oliveira-Souza, R., Krueger, F., & Grafman, J. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1768 · Cited by 930 · cited 1×
“We found mOFC disease in both disinhibited and apathetic subgroups. One possible account may be related to the anatomic extent of atrophy that is greater in the apathetic subgroup than the disinhibited subgroup. Clinically, we have observed that patients who are disinhibited can become apathetic over time. From this p…”
BackgroundBozeat, S. (2000) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.69.2.178 · Cited by 603
Distinct behavioural profiles in frontotemporal dementia and semantic dementia
Snowden, J. S. (2001) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.70.3.323 · Cited by 591
Neuroanatomical correlates of behavioural disorders in dementia
Rosen, H. J., Allison, S. C., Schauer, G. F., Gorno-Tempini, M. L., Weiner, M. W., & Miller, B. L. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh628 · Cited by 497
Tranel, D., Bechara, A., & Denburg, N. L. (2002) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70024-8 · Cited by 441
Geodesic estimation for large deformation anatomical shape averaging and interpolation
Avants, B., & Gee, J. C. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.010 · Cited by 427
Self-citationSnowden, J. S., Neary, D., & Mann, D. M. A. (1996) · Churchill Livingstone eBooks · Cited by 339
The frontal behavioral inventory in the differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia
KERTESZ, A., NADKARNI, N., DAVIDSON, W., & THOMAS, A. W. (2000) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617700644041 · Cited by 317
Behavioral disorders in the frontal and temporal variants of frontotemporal dementia
Liu, W., Miller, B. L., Kramer, J. H., Rankin, K., Wyss-Coray, C., Gearhart, R., Phengrasamy, L., Weiner, M., & Rosen, H. J. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000113729.77161.c9 · Cited by 313
Woolley, J. D., Gorno‐Tempini, M., Seeley, W. W., Rankin, K. P., Lee, S. S., Matthews, B. R., & Miller, B. L. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000277461.06713.23 · Cited by 254
Miller, B. L., Chang, L., Mena, I. G., Boone, K. B., & Lesser, I. M. (1993) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000107324 · Cited by 206
Aggressive, socially disruptive and antisocial behaviour associated with fronto-temporal dementia
Miller, B. L., Darby, A. L., Benson, D. F., Cummings, J. L., & Miller, M. (1997) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.170.2.150 · Cited by 200
Orbitofrontal Dysfunction Related to Both Apathy and Disinhibition in Frontotemporal Dementia
Peters, F., Perani, D., Herholz, K., Holthoff‐Detto, V., Beuthien‐Baumann, B., Sorbi, S., Pupi, A., Degueldre, C., Lemaire, C. F., Collette, F., et al. (2006) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000091898 · Cited by 190
Activities of daily living in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease
Mioshi, E., Kipps, C. M., Dawson, K., Mitchell, J., Graham, A., & Hodges, J. R. (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000264897.13722.53 · Cited by 188 · cited 1×
“While the precise basis for a social disorder continues to be an active area of investigation, its profound consequences on a wide variety of daily activities are clear [”
BackgroundFrontotemporal dementia: A review
Grossman, M. (2002) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617702814357 · Cited by 185
Self-citationSpectrum of anterior cerebral artery territory infarction: clinical and MRI findings
Kumral, E., Bayülkem, G., Evyapan, D., & Yünten, N. (2002) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.00452.x · Cited by 176
Miller, M. I., Beg, M. F., Ceritoglu, C., & Stark, C. E. L. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503892102 · Cited by 175
Neural correlates of semantic and behavioural deficits in frontotemporal dementia
Williams, G. B., Nestor, P. J., & Hodges, J. R. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.10.023 · Cited by 168
The influence of right frontotemporal dysfunction on social behavior in frontotemporal dementia
Mychack, P., Kramer, J. H., Boone, K. B., & Miller, B. L. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.suppl_4.s11 · Cited by 168
Results of proton therapy of uveal melanomas treated in Nice
Courdi, A., Caujolle, J., Grange, J. D., Diallo-Rosier, L., Sahel, J., Bacin, F., Zur, C., Gastaud, P., Iborra-Brassart, N., Hérault, J., et al. (1999) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00147-9 · Cited by 140
Oops! Resolving social dilemmas in frontotemporal dementia
Eslinger, P. J., Moore, P., Troiani, V., Antani, S., Cross, K. A., Kwok, S., & Grossman, M. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.098228 · Cited by 136
Self-citationVBM signatures of abnormal eating behaviours in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Whitwell, J. L., Sampson, E. L., Loy, C. T., Warren, J. E., Rossor, M. N., Fox, N. C., & Warren, J. D. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.12.006 · Cited by 130
Frontotemporal Dementia: Behavioral Symptoms and Caregiver Distress
Mourik, J. C., Rosso, S. M., Niermeijer, M. F., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Swieten, J. C. V., & Tibben, A. (2004) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000080123 · Cited by 124
Neuropsychiatric Features of Frontotemporal Dementia
Mendez, M. F., & Perryman, K. M. (2002) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.14.4.424 · Cited by 119
Impact of Frontal Systems Behavioral Functioning in Dementia on Caregiver Burden
Davis, J. D., & Tremont, G. N. (2007) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2007.19.1.43 · Cited by 99
Distinct Antemortem Profiles in Patients With Pathologically Defined Frontotemporal Dementia
Grossman, M., Libon, D. J., Forman, M. S., Massimo, L. M., Wood, E. M., Moore, P., Anderson, C., Farmer, J. M., Chatterjee, A. K., Clark, C. M., et al. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.11.1601 · Cited by 94
Self-citationWhitwell, J. L., Jack, C. R., Baker, M., Rademakers, R., Adamson, J. L., Boeve, B. F., Knopman, D. S., Parisi, J. F., Petersen, R. C., Dickson, D. W., et al. (2007) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.64.3.371 · Cited by 82
Disruption of attention to novel events after frontal lobe injury in humans
Daffner, K. R. (2000) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.68.1.18 · Cited by 79
Treatment of Uveal Melanoma by Accelerated Proton Beam
Desjardins, L., Rouïc, L. L.-L., Lévy‐Gabriel, C., Cassoux, N., Dendale, R., Mazal, A., Delacroix, S., Sastre‐Garau, X., Plancher, C., & Asselain, B. J. R. (2011) · Developments in ophthalmology · doi:10.1159/000328257 · Cited by 72
Symmetric Data Attachment Terms for Large Deformation Image Registration
Beg, M. F., & KHAN, A. R. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2007.898813 · Cited by 69
Dementia of frontal type and the focal lobar atrophies
Gregory, C. A., & Hodges, J. R. (1993) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540269309037801 · Cited by 46
Hidden Markov random field model for segmentation of brain MR image
Zhang, Y., Brady, J. M., & Smith, S. M. (2000) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.387617 · Cited by 42
Gallo, J. L., Schmidt, K. S., & Libon, D. J. (2008) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301208093291 · Cited by 15
Self-citationTran, B. K., Schalenbourg, A., BOVEY, E. H., Zografos, L., & Wolfensberger, T. J. (2013) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0b013e318295f758 · Cited by 13
Hidden Markov random field model for segmentation of brain MR images
Zhang, Y., Brady, M., & Smith, S. M. (2000) · Cited by 12
Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Review
Grossman, M., & Ash, S. (2004) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554790490960440 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia
Rascovsky, K., Hodges, J. R., Knopman, D., Mendez, M. F., Kramer, J. H., Neuhaus, J., van Swieten, J. C., Seelaar, H., Dopper, E. G. P., Onyike, C. U., et al. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awr179 · Cited by 5,221
Self-citationBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
Cerejeira, J., Lagarto, L., & Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. (2012) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00073 · Cited by 1,425
Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs)
Avants, B. (2020) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.5138159 · Cited by 982
Self-citationDementia Caregiver Burden: a Research Update and Critical Analysis
Cheng, S.-T. (2017) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-017-0818-2 · Cited by 595
Advanced Normalization Tools: V1.0
Avants, B., Tustison, N. J., & Song, G. (2009) · The Insight Journal · doi:10.54294/uvnhin · Cited by 559
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Massimo, L., Powers, C., Moore, P., Vesely, L., Avants, B., Gee, J., Libon, D. J., & Grossman, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Drexel University (US)
- Venue
- Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 96-104
- ISSN
- 1420-8008 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9824
- PMC
- PMC2820577
- OpenAlex
- W2169733225
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NS53488, AG 17586, AG15116)
- National Institute on Aging (AG15116, R01AG015116, P01AG017586, AG17586)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS53488, NS-44266, P50NS053488, R01NS044266)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- frontotemporal lobar degeneration, apathy, disinhibition, caregiver distress, neuropsychiatric symptoms, cortical atrophy, voxel-based morphometry, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal lobe, behavioral symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Behavior, Brain, Dementia, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Inhibition, Psychological, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Stress, Psychological, Caregivers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
