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Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
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“The HRPeak during HUT was also lower with both drugs, reinforcing their ability to blunt excessive orthostatic tachycardia, the key physiological impact of POTS.2,3”
From A Randomized Crossover Trial of Ivabradine, Propranolol, and Placebo in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“This is felt to be a reflection of exaggerated sympathetic neuronal activation (97).”
From Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [97]
In the citing paper
“The HR abnormality must be accompanied by chronic (>6 months) orthostatic symptoms that occur in the absence of prolonged bedrest or deconditioning, use of medications that impair autonomic regulation (vasodilators, diuretics, antidepressants, or anxiolytic agents), or other chronic debilitating disorders that might cause tachycardia (such as dehydration, anemia, or hyperthyroidism) [19].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“When measured during upright posture, norepinephrine is elevated in many patients with POTS [>3.55 nmol/L (600 pg/mL) and sometimes >5.91 nmol/L (1000 pg/mL)], consistent with the sympathetic neuronal activation elicited by standing in these patients [19].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Central sympatholytics (e.g. clonidine and methyldopa) can also be used to decrease sympathetic tone in patients with prominent hyperadrenergic features, but might produce drowsiness and worsening of the mental clouding [19] (HRS Class IIb) [8].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Abdominal compression with elastic waist-high support hose and abdominal binders can help decrease splanchnic-mesenteric venous pooling during standing [43]. The increase in venous return and stroke volume can decrease the orthostatic tachycardia [19;59].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Central sympatholytics (e.g. clonidine and methyldopa) can also be used to decrease sympathetic tone in patients with prominent hyperadrenergic features, but might produce drowsiness and worsening of the mental clouding [19] (HRS Class IIb) [8].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“More generalized complaints in patients with POTS include hypermobile joints, exercise intolerance, migraine headaches, sleep disturbances, and fatigue [19].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Excessive tachycardia in POTS occurs during exercise as well as during standing [60;61], and patients experience significant exercise intolerance [9;19].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Autonomic problems in POTS might include gastrointestinal complaints, such as abdominal pain, nausea and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as bladder symptoms and abnormal sudomotor regulation [19;26].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Patients with POTS often have a vigorous pressor response, with exaggerated BP recovery and overshoot both before and after release [19].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“The heart rate abnormality and orthostatic symptoms should not be caused by medications that impair autonomic regulation or by debilitating disorders that can cause tachycardia.”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Fludrocortisone also stimulates potassium excretion, making it necessary to watch for hypokalemia, and it can also worsen migraine headaches [71;19].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Fludrocortisone also stimulates potassium excretion, making it necessary to watch for hypokalemia, and it can also worsen migraine headaches [71;19].”
From Postural tachycardia syndrome: beyond orthostatic intolerance (2015) · cites this paper as [19]
In the citing paper
“Pyridostigmine enhances cholinergic activity at both the ganglionic nicotinic and the postganglionic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, with a likely net increase in parasympathetic nervous system tone (3).”
From Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: mechanisms and new therapies (2020) · cites this paper as [3]
Citations
Cites
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Cardiac origins of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
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“19 More complete β-blockade, however, is less well tolerated.(19) Pyridostigmine is a peripheral acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that can increase the levels of synaptic acetylcholine at both the autonomic ganglia and peripheral muscarinic parasympathetic receptors.”
BackgroundSelf-citationHyperadrenergic Postural Tachycardia Syndrome in Mast Cell Activation Disorders
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“The most marked physiologic feature of POTS is an excessive increase in heart rate that occurs on standing in the absence of hypotension [3], and POTS is associated with a very poor quality of life and considerable functional disability [5,6].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Raj, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raj, Satish R.
- ORCID
- Raj, Satish R.
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2013-06-11
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 2336-2342
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC3756553
- OpenAlex
- W2162352430
- Cited by
- 320
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 17.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000445)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL056693, R01HL102387, P01 HL-56693)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U54NS065736)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, orthostatic intolerance, autonomic dysfunction, heart rate, blood pressure
- MeSH terms
- Contraindications, Adult, Androstenes, Anxiety, Blood Volume, Cardiovascular Agents, Combined Modality Therapy, Confusion, Diagnosis, Differential, Fatigue, Female, Hemodynamics, Humans, Leg, Mast Cells, Norepinephrine, Posture, Renin-Angiotensin System, Sodium Chloride, Sympathetic Nervous System, Syncope, Syndrome, Tachycardia, Catheter Ablation, Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
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