The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Physical Activity and Heart Rate Variability in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiac mortality and electrophysiological dysfunction both increase with age. Heart rate variability (HRV) provides indices of autonomic function and electrophysiology that are associated with cardiac risk. How habitual physical activity among older adults prospectively relates to HRV, including nonlinear indices of erratic sinus patterns, is not established. We hypothesized that increasing the levels of both total leisure-time activity and walking would be prospectively associated with more favorable time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear HRV measures in older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated serial longitudinal measures of both physical activity and 24-hour Holter HRV over 5 years among 985 older US adults in the community-based Cardiovascular Health Study. After multivariable adjustment, greater total leisure-time activity, walking distance, and walking pace were each prospectively associated with specific, more favorable HRV indices, including higher 24-hour standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (Ptrend=0.009, 0.02, 0.06, respectively) and ultralow-frequency power (Ptrend=0.02, 0.008, 0.16, respectively). Greater walking pace was also associated with a higher short-term fractal scaling exponent (Ptrend=0.003) and lower Poincaré ratio (Ptrend=0.02), markers of less erratic sinus patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Greater total leisure-time activity, and walking alone, as well, were prospectively associated with more favorable and specific indices of autonomic function in older adults, including several suggestive of more normal circadian fluctuations and less erratic sinoatrial firing. Our results suggest potential mechanisms that might contribute to lower cardiovascular mortality with habitual physical activity later in life.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Even though we controlled for sleep quality and quantity and BMI, there are also potential confounds that may contribute to the present results, such as the practice of physical activity83, yoga84 or meditation85 and other lifestyle factors that are likely to influence HRV86,such as sedentariness87, a factor that is independent of physical inactivity88.”
From Benefits from one session of deep and slow breathing on vagal tone and anxiety in young and older adults (2021) · cites this paper as [83]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Heart Rate Variability: Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use
Electrophysiology, T. F. O. T. E. S. O. C. T. N. A. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.5.1043 · Cited by 17,159
Heart rate variability: Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use
Malik, M., Bigger, J. T., Camm, A. J., Kleiger, R. E., Malliani, A., Moss, A. J., & Schwartz, P. J. (1996) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014868 · Cited by 15,289
Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults
Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Proctor, D. N., Fiatarone Singh, M. A., Minson, C. T., Nigg, C. R., Salem, G. J., & Skinner, J. S. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181a0c95c · Cited by 5,153
American College of Sports Medicine position stand
Otis, C. L. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,407
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Flexible regression models with cubic splines
Durrleman, S., & Simon, R. M. (1989) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780080504 · Cited by 2,722
A questionnaire for the assessment of leisure time physical activities
Taylor, H. L., Jacobs, D. R., Schucker, B., Knudsen, J., Leon, A. S., & Debacker, G. (1978) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(78)90058-9 · Cited by 1,848
Impact of Reduced Heart Rate Variability on Risk for Cardiac Events: The Framingham Heart Study
Tsuji, H., Larson, M. G., Venditti, F. J., Manders, E. S., Evans, J. C., Feldman, C. L., & Levy, D. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.11.2850 · Cited by 1,762
Heart rate variability: measurement and clinical utility.
Kleiger, R. E., Stein, P. K., & Bigger, J. T. (2005) · Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology · doi:10.1111/j.1542-474x.2005.10101.x · Cited by 1,290
Self-citationReduced heart rate variability and mortality risk in an elderly cohort. The Framingham Heart Study
Tsuji, H., Venditti, F. J., Manders, E. S., Evans, J. C., Larson, M. G., Feldman, C. L., & Levy, D. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.90.2.878 · Cited by 1,114
Vanoli, E., De Ferrari, G. M., Stramba-Badiale, M., Hull, S. S., Foreman, R. D., & Schwartz, P. J. (1991) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.68.5.1471 · Cited by 681
Comparison of cardioprotective benefits of vigorous versus moderate intensity aerobic exercise
Swain, D. P., & Franklin, B. A. (2006) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.130 · Cited by 660
Association between Physical Activity and Markers of Inflammation in a Healthy Elderly Population
Geffken, D. F., Cushman, M., Burke, G. L., Polak, J. F., Sakkinen, P. A., & Tracy, R. P. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/153.3.242 · Cited by 599
Recruitment of adults 65 years and older as participants in the cardiovascular health study
Tell, G. S., Fried, L. P., Hermanson, B., Manolio, T. A., Newman, A. B., & Borhani, N. O. (1993) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(93)90062-9 · Cited by 558
Effect of Endurance Exercise on Autonomic Control of Heart Rate
Carter, J. B., Banister, E. W., & Blaber, A. P. (2003) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200333010-00003 · Cited by 556
Insights from the Study of Heart Rate Variability
Stein, P. K., & Kleiger, R. E. (1999) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.249 · Cited by 525
Self-citationMozaffarian, D., Furberg, C. D., Psaty, B. M., & Siscovick, D. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.785626 · Cited by 476
Self-citationMethods of assessing prevalent cardiovascular disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study
Psaty, B. M., Kuller, L. H., Bild, D. E., Burke, G. L., Kittner, S. J., Mittelmark, M. B., Price, T. R., Rautaharju, P. M., & Robbins, J. B. (1995) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(94)00092-8 · Cited by 446
Cerebral perturbations provoked by prolonged exercise
Nybo, L., & Secher, N. H. (2004) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.03.005 · Cited by 398
Comprehensive evaluation of the Minnesota leisure time physical activity questionnaire
Richardson, M. T., Leon, A. S., Jacobs, D. R., Ainsworth, B. E., & SERFASS, R. C. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(94)90008-6 · Cited by 369
High-Intensity Interval Training to Maximize Cardiac Benefits of Exercise Training?
Wisløff, U., Ellingsen, Ø., & Kemi, O. J. (2009) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1097/jes.0b013e3181aa65fc · Cited by 330
Hull, S. S., Vanoli, E., Adamson, P. B., Verrier, R. L., Foreman, R. D., & Schwartz, P. J. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.89.2.548 · Cited by 299
Billman, G. E. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00534.2009 · Cited by 237
STEIN, P. K., DOMITROVICH, P. P., HUI, N., RAUTAHARJU, P., & GOTTDIENER, J. (2005) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2005.40788.x · Cited by 220
Self-citationEffect of exercise training on heart rate variability in healthy older adults
Stein, P. K., Ehsani, A. A., Domitrovich, P. P., Kleiger, R. E., & Rottman, J. N. (1999) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(99)70162-6 · Cited by 184
Self-citationSiscovick, D. S., Fried, L. P., Mittelmark, M. B., Rutan, G. H., Bild, D. E., & O’Leary, D. H. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009066 · Cited by 163
Self-citationDietary Fish and ω-3 Fatty Acid Consumption and Heart Rate Variability in US Adults
Mozaffarian, D., Stein, P. K., Prineas, R. J., & Siscovick, D. S. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.732826 · Cited by 153
Self-citationExercise training and heart rate variability in older people
Schuit, A. J., van Amelsvoort, L. G. P. M., VERHEIJ, T. C., Rijneke, R. D., Maan, A. C., Swenne, C. A., & Schouten, E. G. (1999) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199906000-00009 · Cited by 133
Effects of age and physical activity on the autonomic control of heart rate in healthy men
de Melo, R. C., Santos, M. D. B., Silva, E. D. C., Quitério, R. J., Moreno, M. A., Reis, M. S., Verzola, I. A., Oliveira, L., Martins, L. E. B., Gallo‐Júnior, L., et al. (2005) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2005000900007 · Cited by 122
Aerobic exercise training improves autonomic nervous control in patients with COPD
Borghi‐Silva, A., Arena, R. A., Castello‐Simões, V., Simões, R. P., Martins, L. E. B., Catai, A. M., & Costa, D. (2009) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2009.04.015 · Cited by 112
Non-linear heart rate variability and risk stratification in cardiovascular disease.
Stein, P. K., & Reddy, A. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 109
Self-citationInterval training in elderly men increases both heart rate variability and baroreflex activity
Pichot, V., Roche, F., Denis, C., Garet, M., Duverney, D., Costes, F. R., & Barthélemy, J. (2005) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-005-0251-1 · Cited by 107
Heart rate variability and its changes over 5 years in older adults
Stein, P. K., Barzilay, J. I., Chaves, P. H. M., Domitrovich, P. P., & Gottdiener, J. S. (2008) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afn292 · Cited by 105
Self-citationHeart Rate Dynamics after Combined Endurance and Strength Training in Older Men
Karavirta, L., Tulppo, M. P., Laaksonen, D. E., Nyman, K., Laukkanen, R. M. T., Kinnunen, H. O., HÄKKINEN, A. H., & Häkkinen, K. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181994a91 · Cited by 96
Earnest, C. P., Lavie, C. J., Blair, S. N., & Church, T. S. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002288 · Cited by 89
Influence of voluntary exercise on hypothalamic norepinephrine
Lambert, G. W., & Jónsdóttir, I. H. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.3.962 · Cited by 87
Heart rate variability in sportive elderly: relationship with daily physical activity.
Buchheit, M., Simon, C., Viola, A., Doutreleau, S., Piquard, F., & Brandenberger, G. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000121956.76237.b5 · Cited by 81
Sapaldia team, Dietrich, D. F., Ackermann-Liebrich, U. A., Schindler, C., Barthélemy, J., Brändli, O., Gold, D. R., Knöpfli, B. H., Probst-Hensch, N. M., Roche, F., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0800-0 · Cited by 77
Dissection of long-range heart rate variability
Roach, D., Wilson, W., Ritchie, D., & Sheldon, R. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.01.050 · Cited by 74
Ueno, L. M., & Moritani, T. (2003) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0777-z · Cited by 61
Body composition in the elderly: the influence of nutritional factors and physical activity.
Mitchell, D., Haan, M. N., Steinberg, F. M., & Visser, M. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 60
Jensen‐Urstad, K., Bouvier, F., Saltin, B., & Jensen‐Urstad, M. (1998) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.79.2.161 · Cited by 53
Piotrowicz, E., Baranowski, R., PIOTROWSKA, M., Zieliński, T., & Piotrowicz, R. (2009) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2008.02266.x · Cited by 47
The Relationship Between Exercise and Risk of Venous Thrombosis in Elderly People
van Stralen, K. J., Doggen, C. J. M., Lumley, T., Cushman, M., Folsom, A. R., Psaty, B. M., Siscovick, D. S., Rosendaal, F. R., & Heckbert, S. R. (2008) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01588.x · Cited by 45
Self-citationVerheyden, B., Eijnde, B. O., Beckers, F., Vanhees, L., & AUBERT, A. E. (2006) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410500497634 · Cited by 45
SANDERCOCK, G. R. H., Hardy-Shepherd, D., Nunan, D., & Brodie, D. A. (2008) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410802004930 · Cited by 36
Moderate aerobic training improves autonomic cardiovascular control in older women
Gulli, G., Cevese, A., Cappelletto, P. C., Gasparini, G., & Schena, F. F. (2003) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-003-0090-x · Cited by 33
Soares‐Miranda, L., Stein, P. K., Imamura, F., Sattelmair, J. R., Lemaître, R. N., Siscovick, D. S., Mota, J. A. P. S., & Mozaffarian, D. (2012) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.111.966259 · Cited by 29
Self-citationDoes the level of chronic physical activity alter heart rate variability in healthy older women?
Reland, S., Ville, N., Wong, S., Senhadji, L., & Carré, F. (2004) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20030405 · Cited by 24
Relationship between Daily Physical Activity and ANS Activity in Patients with CHF
Garet, M., Degache, F., Pichot, V., Duverney, D., Costes, F., Costa, A. D., Isaaz, K., Lacour, J.-R., Barthélemy, J., & Roche, F. (2005) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000174881.68546.ec · Cited by 22
Physical activity: measurement in mid-life women
Guthrie, J. R. (2002) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.810704.x · Cited by 22
Activity-responsive pacing produces long-term heart rate variability.
RAJ, S. R., ROACH, D. E., KOSHMAN, M., & SHELDON, R. S. (2004) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2004.03342.x · Cited by 20
Sympathetic neural activity and the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death
Saffitz, J. E. (2007) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2007.10.039 · Cited by 13
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181994a91 · DOI
- 10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-W · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Laborde, S., Mosley, E., & Thayer, J. F. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00213 · Cited by 2,336
“In previous 24 h monitoring bulky Holter devices were previously used which may cause some discomfort for participants (e.g., Soares-Miranda et al., 2014).”
MethodPathak, R. K., Elliott, A., Middeldorp, M. E., Meredith, M., Mehta, A. B., Mahajan, R., Hendriks, J. M. L., Twomey, D., Kalman, J. M., Abhayaratna, W. P., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.06.488 · Cited by 544
Alvares, G. A., Quintana, D. S., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.140217 · Cited by 503
Considerations in the assessment of heart rate variability in biobehavioral research
Quintana, D. S., & Heathers, J. A. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00805 · Cited by 395
Jarczok, M. N., Weimer, K., Braun, C., Williams, D. P., Thayer, J. F., Gündel, H. O., & Balint, E. M. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104907 · Cited by 246
Metadata
- Authors
- Soares-Miranda, L., Sattelmair, J., Chaves, P., Duncan, G. E., Siscovick, D. S., Stein, P. K., & Mozaffarian, D.
- Affiliations
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.S.-M., J.S., D.M.); Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal (L.S.-M.); Benjamin Leon Center for Geriatric Research and Education and Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL (P.C.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (G.E.D., D.S.S.); Department of Medicine,...
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2014-05-27
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2100-2110
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC4038662
- OpenAlex
- W1997588201
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 12.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc085082-026, n01hc085081-021, n01hc085079-024, n01hc085083-027, n01hc085080-026, n01hc085086-022, n01hc55222-0-0-0)
- National Institute on Aging (R56AG023629, AG023629, R01AG023629)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01 HC085086, N0-1-HC-85239, N01 HC085079, N01 HC085083, N01 HC085080, N01 HC55222, HHSN268201200036C, N01HC085082, U01HL080295, N01 HC055222, N01 HC085081, HL080295, R01HL080295)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- heart rate variability, physical activity, older adults, leisure-time activities, walking, walking speed, autonomic function, fractal scaling exponent, circadian rhythm, cardiovascular mortality, nonlinear HRV measures
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Heart Rate, Humans, Leisure Activities, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Motor Activity, Prospective Studies, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Walking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
