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Cited by 1,281Acute Ischemic Stroke ManagementCerebrovascular and Carotid Artery DiseasesIntracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research

Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes According to TOAST Criteria: Incidence, Recurrence, and Long-Term Survival in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Population-Based Study

Kolominsky-Rabas, Peter L., Weber, Margarete, Gefeller, Olaf, Neundoerfer, Bernhard, Heuschmann, Peter U.·2001·Stroke
DOI 10.1161/hs1201.100209
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Abstract

Background and Purpose — The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival rates of ischemic stroke subtypes by a mechanism-based classification scheme (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, or TOAST). Methods — We identified all 583 residents of the city of Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany, with a first ischemic stroke between 1994 and 1998. Multiple overlapping sources of information were used to ensure completeness of case ascertainment. The cause of ischemic stroke was classified according to the TOAST criteria. Patients were followed up at 3 months and 1 and 2 years after stroke onset. Results — The age-standardized incidence rates for the European population (per 100 000) regarding ischemic stroke subtypes were as follows: cardioembolism, 30.2 (95% CI 25.6 to 35.7); small-artery occlusion, 25.8 (95% CI 21.5 to 30.9); and large-artery atherosclerosis, 15.3 (95% CI 12 to 19.3). When age-adjusted to the European population, the incidence rate for large-artery atherosclerosis was more than twice as high for men than for women (23.6/100 000 versus 9.2/100 000). Two years after onset, patients in the small-artery occlusion subgroup were 3 times more likely to be alive than those with cardioembolism. Ischemic stroke subtype according to the TOAST criteria was a significant predictor for long-term survival, whereas subtype was not a significant predictor of long-term recurrence up to 2 years, both before and after adjustment for age and sex. Conclusions — Epidemiological observational studies that possess wide access to appropriate diagnostic technologies and apply standardized etiologic classifications provide a much better understanding of underlying risk factors for initial stroke, recurrence, and mortality.

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Crossref · 10.1161/hs1201.100209

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  • The consolidated results of 61 observational studies conducted in western countries found no relationship between the TC level and the mortality rate of cerebrovascular disease.

    “Similarly, the consolidated results of 61 observational studies conducted in western countries (approximately 0.9 million subjects) found no relationship between the TC level and the mortality rate of cerebrovascular disease847).”

    From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [847]

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Authors
Kolominsky-Rabas, P. L., Weber, M., Gefeller, O., Neundoerfer, B., & Heuschmann, P. U.
Affiliations
  • From the Unit for Stroke Research and Public Health Medicine, Department of Neurology (P.L.K.-R., M.W., B.N., P.U.H.) and Department of Epidemiology (O.G.), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
  • Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
ORCID
Venue
Stroke
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2001-12
Volume
32
Issue
12
Pages
2735-2740
ISSN
  • 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4628
DOI
10.1161/hs1201.100209
OpenAlex
W2049663681
Cited by
1,281
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 93 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 69
FWCI
12.41
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Stroke (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Bundesministerium für Gesundheit
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Intracerebral and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Research
Keywords
ischemic stroke, TOAST classification, stroke subtypes, cardiac embolism, small artery occlusion, large artery atherosclerosis, stroke incidence, stroke recurrence, long-term survival, sex differences, Erlangen
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain Ischemia, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Observer Variation, Comorbidity, Incidence, Survival Rate, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Survivors, Stroke

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