Clinical and diagnostic utility of saliva as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
This systematic review presents the latest trends in salivary research and its applications in health and disease. Among the large number of analytes present in saliva, many are affected by diverse physiological and pathological conditions. Further, the non-invasive, easy and cost-effective collection methods prompt an interest in evaluating its diagnostic or prognostic utility. Accumulating data over the past two decades indicates towards the possible utility of saliva to monitor overall health, diagnose and treat various oral or systemic disorders and drug monitoring. Advances in saliva based systems biology has also contributed towards identification of several biomarkers, development of diverse salivary diagnostic kits and other sensitive analytical techniques. However, its utilization should be carefully evaluated in relation to standardization of pre-analytical and analytical variables, such as collection and storage methods, analyte circadian variation, sample recovery, prevention of sample contamination and analytical procedures. In spite of all these challenges, there is an escalating evolution of knowledge with the use of this biological matrix.
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Biomarkers detected in saliva such as alpha-amylase, glucose, lactate, phosphate, and uric acid have been shown to have a good correlation with that found in blood.
“In addition, biomarkers detected in saliva such as alpha-amylase, glucose, lactate, phosphate, and uric acid (UA) have been shown to have a good correlation with that found in blood12 (Table 4).”
From Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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Wearable sensors for monitoring the physiological and biochemical profile of the athlete
Seshadri, D. R., Li, R. T., Voos, J. E., Rowbottom, J. R., Alfes, C. M., Zorman, C. A., & Drummond, C. K. (2019) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0150-9 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Wearable Electrochemical Sensors for the Monitoring and Screening of Drugs
Teymourian, H., Parrilla, M., Sempionatto, J. R., Montiel, N. F., Barfidokht, A., Echelpoel, R. V., Wael, K. D., & Wang, J. (2020) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.0c01318 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence biosensors: Challenges and prospects
Jin, X., Liu, C., Xu, T., Su, L., & Zhang, X. (2020) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2020.112412 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Mechanisms of sampling interstitial fluid from skin using a microneedle patch
Samant, P. P., & Prausnitz, M. R. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1716772115 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Saliva sampling: Methods and devices. An overview
Bellagambi, F., Lomonaco, T., Salvo, P., Vivaldi, F., Hangouët, M., Ghimenti, S., Biagini, D., di Francesco, F., Fuoco, R., & Errachid, A. (2020) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2019.115781 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Reshaping healthcare with wearable biosensors
Smith, A. A., Li, R., & Tse, Z. T. H. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26951-z · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Salivary Biomarkers of Stress, Anxiety and Depression
Chojnowska, S., Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek, I., Kępka, A., Knaś, M., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10030517 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Microneedles for transdermal diagnostics: Recent advances and new horizons
Liu, G., Kong, Y., Wang, Y., Luo, Y., Fan, X., Xie, X., Yang, B., & Wu, M. X. (2019) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119740 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Zhu, J., Zhou, X., Kim, H., Qu, M., Jiang, X., Lee, K., Ren, L. M., Wu, Q., Wang, C., Zhu, X., et al. (2020) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.201905910 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Human saliva as a diagnostic material
Chojnowska, S., Baran, T., Wilińska, I., Sienicka, P., Cabaj-Wiater, I., & Knaś, M. (2017) · Advances in Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.advms.2017.11.002 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Sukriti, K. C., Wang, X. Z., & Gallagher, J. E. (2019) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.13218 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Lim, Y., Totsika, M., Morrison, M., & Punyadeera, C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07885-3 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Martin, J., Kagerbauer, S. M., Gempt, J., Podtschaske, A., Hapfelmeier, A., & Schneider, G. (2018) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12596 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Review of Stress Detection Methods Using Wearable Sensors
Taskasaplidis, G. V., Fotiadis, D. A., & Bamidis, P. D. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3373010 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Towards salivary C-reactive protein as a viable biomarker of systemic inflammation
Pay, J. B., & Shaw, A. M. (2019) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.006 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Human Suction Blister Fluid Composition Determined Using High-Resolution Metabolomics
Niedzwiecki, M. M., Samant, P. P., Walker, D. I., Tran, V., Jones, D. P., Prausnitz, M. R., & Miller, G. W. (2018) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04073 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Formulation of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for local administration into the oral cavity
Pistone, S., Goycoolea, F. M., Young, A., Smistad, G., & Hiorth, M. (2016) · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.012 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Platinum Nanozyme-Enabled Colorimetric Determination of Total Antioxidant Level in Saliva
Pedone, D., Moglianetti, M., Lettieri, M., Marrazza, G., & Pompa, P. P. (2020) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01824 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Biological Markers in Anxiety Disorders
Łoś, K., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10081744 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Kiang, T. K. L., Ranamukhaarachchi, S. A., & Ensom, M. H. H. (2017) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics9040043 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Caixeta, D. C., Aguiar, E. M. G., Cardoso-Sousa, L., Coelho, L. M. D., Oliveira, S. W., Espíndola, F. S., Raniero, L. J., Crosara, K. T. B., Baker, M. J., Siqueira, W. L., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223461 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Commercial and Scientific Solutions for Blood Glucose Monitoring—A Review
Xue, Y., Thalmayer, A. S., Zeising, S., Fischer, G., & Lübke, M. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22020425 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Electrochemical sensing of analytes in saliva: Challenges, progress, and perspectives
Cardoso, A. G., Viltres, H., Ortega, G., Phung, V., Grewal, R., Mozaffari, H., Ahmed, S. R., Rajabzadeh, A., & Srinivasan, S. (2023) · Trends in Analytical Chemistry (TrAC) · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2023.116965 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Assalve, G., Lunetti, P., di Cagno, A., Luca, E. W. D., Aldegheri, S., Zara, V., & Ferramosca, A. (2024) · Biosensors · doi:10.3390/bios14120574 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Salivary Glycopatterns as Potential Biomarkers for Screening of Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Liu, X., Yu, H., Qiao, Y., Yang, J., Shu, J. H., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., He, J., & Li, Z. (2018) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.026 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Salivary Markers for Periodontal and General Diseases
Podzimek, Š., Vondráková, L., Dušková, J., Janatova, T., & Broukal, Z. (2016) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2016/9179632 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Gardner, A., Parkes, H. G., Carpenter, G. H., & So, P. (2018) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00847 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Salivary diagnostic markers in males and females during rest and exercise
Rutherfurd-Markwick, K. J., Starck, C. S., Dulson, D. K., & Ali, A. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0185-8 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Alhaddad, A. Y., Aly, H., Gad, H., Al-Ali, A. K., Sadasivuni, K. K., Cabibihan, J., & Malik, R. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.876672 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics: Applicability, Translatability, and Limitations
Hassaneen, M., & Maron, J. L. (2017) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00083 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Valen, A., Øiestad, Å. M. L., Strand, D. H., Skari, R., & Berg, T. (2016) · Drug Testing and Analysis · doi:10.1002/dta.2045 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Sex differences in cortisol levels in depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, R., Kogler, L., & Derntl, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101118 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Lopresti, A. L. (2019) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1093/advances/nmz082 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Chu, S. S., Nguyen, H. A., Zhang, J., Tabassum, S., & Cao, H. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22145200 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Salivary markers of kidney function — Potentials and limitations
Celec, P., Tóthová, Ľ., Šebeková, K., Podracká, Ľ., & Boor, P. (2015) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.028 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
LC-MS/MS for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of anti-infective drugs
Veringa, A., Sturkenboom, M. G. G., Dekkers, B. G. J., Koster, R. A., Roberts, J. A., Peloquin, C. A., Touw, D. J., & Alffenaar, J. C. (2016) · TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.trac.2015.11.026 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Pawlik, P., & Błochowiak, K. J. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11020371 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
López-Arjona, M., Escribano, D., Mateo, S. V., Contreras-Aguilar, M. D., Rubio, C. P., Tecles, F., Cerón, J. M. C., & Martı́nez-Subiela, S. (2020) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.08.015 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Polysaccharide-coated liposomal formulations for dental targeting
Pistone, S., Rykke, M., Smistad, G., & Hiorth, M. (2016) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.028 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Salivary glucose as a non-invasive biomarker of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Tiongco, R. E., Bituin, A., Arceo, E. S., Rivera, N., & Singian, E. (2018) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry · doi:10.4317/jced.55009 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Recent Trends in Analytical Methods to Determine New Psychoactive Substances in Hair
Kyriakou, C., Pellegrini, M., García‐Algar, Ó., Marinelli, E., & Zaami, S. (2016) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x15666161111112545 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Effect of saliva collection methods and oral hygiene on salivary biomarkers
Justino, A. B., Teixeira, R. R., Peixoto, L. G., Jaramillo, O. L. B., & Espíndola, F. S. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365513.2017.1334261 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Blood contamination in salivary diagnostics: current methods and their limitations
Kang, J., & Kho, H. (2018) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2018-0739 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Naing, C. M., & Mak, J. W. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40200-017-0287-5 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Chronophysiological features of the normal mineral composition of human saliva
Bel’skaya, L. V., Kosenok, V. K., & Sarf, E. A. (2017) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.024 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Salivary Biomarkers: Future Approaches for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
Schepici, G., Silvestro, S., Trubiani, O., Bramanti, P., & Mazzon, E. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10040245 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Pundir, M., Papagerakis, S. M., Rosa, M. C. D., Chronis, N., Kurabayashi, K., Abdulmawjood, S., Prince, M. E. P., Lobanova, L., Chen, D., & Papagerakis, P. (2022) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107961 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Seredin, P. V., Goloshchapov, D. L., Ippolitov, Y. A., & Vongsvivut, J. P. (2018) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1007/s13167-018-0135-9 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Potential Roles of the Free Salivary Microbiome Dysbiosis in Periodontal Diseases
Diao, J., Yuan, C., Tong, P., Ma, Z., Sun, X., & Zheng, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.711282 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Diagnostic Value of Salivary Markers in Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Kułak-Bejda, A., Waszkiewicz, N., Bejda, G., Zalewska, A., & Maciejczyk, M. (2019) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2019/4360612 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
A Review on Salivary Proteomics for Oral Cancer Screening
Li, Q., Ouyang, X., Chen, J., Ping, Z., & Feng, Y. (2020) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.21775/cimb.037.047 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Review Insights on Salivary Proteomics Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Detection and Diagnosis
Umapathy, V. R., Natarajan, P. M., & Swamikannu, B. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28135283 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Alternative Sampling Strategies for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Capiau, S., Alffenaar, J. C., & Stove, C. P. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802025-8.00013-1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Quantitative mass spectrometry of unconventional human biological matrices
Dutkiewicz, E. P., & Urban, P. L. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2015.0380 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Potential Impact of Salivary IL-1 on the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease: A Pilot Study
Kim, J., Kim, K., & Kim, H. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare9060729 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Suitability of saliva for Tuberculosis diagnosis: comparing with serum
Namuganga, A. R., Chegou, N. N., Mubiri, P., Walzl, G., & Mayanja‐Kizza, H. (2017) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2687-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Monea, M. D., & Pop, A. M. (2022) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb44120430 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Preanalytic of total antioxidant capacity assays performed in serum, plasma, urine and saliva
Ialongo, C. (2016) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.11.037 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Olczak, M., Poniatowski, Ł. A., Niderla‐Bielińska, J., Kwiatkowska, M., Chutorański, D., Tarka, S., & Wierzba‐Bobrowicz, T. (2019) · Forensic Science International · doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.010 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Endogenous Intoxication and Saliva Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Lung Cancer
Bel’skaya, L. V., Kosenok, V. K., & Massard, G. (2016) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics6040039 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Abduljabbar, T. S., Vohra, F. A., Ullah, A. A., Alhamoudi, N., Khan, J., & Javed, F. (2019) · Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research · doi:10.1111/cid.12866 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Metabolome analyses of skin dialysate: Insights into skin interstitial fluid biomarkers
Akihiko, O., Maimaituxun, G., Watanabe, K., Nishiyasu, T., & Fujii, N. (2024) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.04.001 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Urbanowicz, M., Jasinski, A., Jasińska, M., Drucis, K., Ekman, M., Szarmach, A., Suchodolski, R., Pomećko, R., & Bocheńska, M. (2017) · Electroanalysis · doi:10.1002/elan.201700149 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Haas, J., Catalán, E. V., Piron, P., Karlsson, M., & Mizaikoff, B. (2018) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/c8an00919h · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Estévez, O., Anibarro, L., Garet, E., Pallarés, Á., Peña, A., Villaverde, C., del Campo, V., & González‐Fernández, Á. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235859 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction
Khalafalla, M. G., Woods, L. T., Jasmer, K. J., Forti, K. M., Camden, J. M., Jensen, J. L., Limesand, K. H., Galtung, H. K., & Weisman, G. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00222 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Grading system for periodontitis by analyzing levels of periodontal pathogens in saliva
Kim, E., Joo, J., Lee, Y. J., Koh, J.-K., Choi, J.-H., Shin, Y., Cho, J., Park, E., Kang, J., Lee, K., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200900 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Use of Saliva as a Biosample in the Light of COVID-19
Duś‐Ilnicka, I., Krala, E., Cholewińska, P., & Radwan‐Oczko, M. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11101769 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Salivary pH, calcium, phosphorus and selected enzymes in healthy dogs: a pilot study
Iacopetti, I., Perazzi, A., Badon, T., Bedin, S., Contiero, B., & Ricci, R. (2017) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1256-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Faura, G., Boix‐Lemonche, G., Holmeide, A. K., Verkauskienė, R., Volke, V., Sokolovska, J., & Petrovski, G. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22030718 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Use of saliva sample to detect C‐reactive protein in children with pneumonia
Tsai, C.-M., Tang, K.-S., Cheng, M., Liu, T.-Y., Huang, Y.-H., Chen, C.-C., & Yu, H.-R. (2020) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24947 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Desai, P., Donovan, L., Janowitz, E., & Kim, J. Y. (2020) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s265879 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Soliman, S. S., Mahmoud, A. M., Mouhamed, A. A., & Hussein, O. G. (2025) · Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research · doi:10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100881 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Tiongco, R. E., Arceo, E. S., Rivera, N. S., Flake, C. C., & Policarpio, A. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.037 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Bel’skaya, L. V., Sarf, E. A., & Solonenko, A. P. (2019) · Surfaces · doi:10.3390/surfaces2020029 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Salivary Biomarkers as a Predictive Factor in Anxiety, Depression, and Stress
Budală, D. G., Luchian, I. A., Virvescu, D. I., Tudorici, T. A., Constantin, V., Surlari, Z., Butnaru, O., Bosînceanu, D. N., Bida, F. C., & Hăncianu, M. (2025) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb47070488 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Li, X., Liu, L., Li, N., Jia, Q., Wang, X., Zuo, L., Long, J., Xue, P., Sun, Z., & Zhao, H. (2021) · Journal of Cancer · doi:10.7150/jca.59777 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sample Treatment for Saliva Proteomics
Amado, F. M. L., Calheiros‐Lobo, M. J., Ferreira, R. M., & Vitorino, R. M. P. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12298-0_2 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Wang, J., Yu, J., Wang, T., Li, C., Wei, Y. Q., Deng, X., & Chen, X. (2019) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c9tb02352f · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sharma, A., Hossain, N. I., Thomas, A. K., & Sonkusale, S. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5c02988 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Kovalčíková, A. G., Janšáková, K., Gyurászová, M., Podracká, Ľ., Šebeková, K., Celec, P., & Tóthová, Ľ. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200391 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Xue, W., Chen, J., Zhang, X., Zhu, Z., Liu, H., Wang, X., Guo, X., & Yang, B. (2021) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2021.130588 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Potential of Salivary Biomarkers in Autism Research: A Systematic Review
Janšáková, K., Kyselicová, K., Ostatníková, D., & Repiská, G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221910873 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Assessment of Changes in Physiological Markers in Different Body Fluids at Rest and after Exercise
Jesuthasan, A. C., Ali, A., LEE, J. K. W., & Rutherfurd-Markwick, K. J. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14214685 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Benedé, J. L., Chisvert, A., Lucena, R., & Cárdenas, S. (2021) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2021.338512 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Mariscal, G., Vera, P., Platero, J. L., Bodí, F., Ortí, J. E. D. L. R., & Barrios, C. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56090-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
He, G., Dong, T., Yang, Z., Branstad, A., Huang, L., & Jiang, Z. (2022) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d1an01702k · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Salivary biomarkers of tactical athlete readiness: A systematic review
Lindsey, B., Shaul, Y., & Martin, J. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0321223 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Past and Present Approaches to Diagnosis of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Namuganga, A. R., Chegou, N. N., & Mayanja‐Kizza, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.709793 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Development of analytical methods to study the salivary metabolome: impact of the sampling
Bosman, P., Pichon, V., Acevedo, A. C., Chardin, H., & Combès, A. (2022) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-022-04255-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Differential effects of total and partial sleep deprivation on salivary factors in Wistar rats
Lasisi, T. J., Shittu, S.-T. T., Meludu, C., & Salami, A. A. (2016) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.09.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The potential of salivary biomarkers of nutritional status and dietary intake: A Systematic Review.
Logan, D., Wallace, S., Woodside, J., & McKenna, G. (2021) · E -journal of dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103840 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Use of Multi-parametric Biomarker Profiles May Increase the Accuracy of ASD Prediction
Hassan, W. M., AL-Ayadhi, L. Y., Bjørklund, G., Alabdali, A. N., Chirumbolo, S., & El-Ansary, A. K. (2018) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-018-1136-9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
PCR-like performance of rapid test with permselective tunable nanotrap
Park, S. J., Lee, S., Lee, D., Lee, N. E., Park, J., Hong, J. H., Jang, J. W., Kim, H., Roh, S., Lee, G., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37018-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Oxytocin measurements in saliva: an analytical perspective
López-Arjona, M., Botia, M., Martı́nez-Subiela, S., & Cerón, J. M. C. (2023) · BMC Veterinary Research · doi:10.1186/s12917-023-03661-w · Cited by 18 · see citing works
de Souza, H. M. R., Pereira, T. T. P., de Sá, H. C., Alves, M. A., Garrett, R., & Canuto, G. A. B. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14010036 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Diforti, J. F., Cunningham, T., Piccinini, E., Marmisollé, W. A., Piccinini, J., & Azzaroni, O. (2024) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05148 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Oral shedding of human herpesviruses in renal transplant recipients
Sarmento, D. J. D. S., Tozetto‐Mendoza, T. R., Sumita, L. M., Pierrotti, L. C., Pallos, D., Caliento, R., Palmieri, M., Martins, V. A. D. O., Gallottini, M. H. C., Pannuti, C. S., et al. (2017) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-017-2166-3 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Rosenbaum, S., Gettler, L. T., McDade, T. W., Belarmino, N. M., & Kuzawa, C. W. (2018) · Annals of Human Biology · doi:10.1080/03014460.2018.1495263 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Salivary Cytokines and Airways Disease Severity in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Castaldo, A., Iacotucci, P., Carnovale, V., Cimino, R., Liguori, R., Comegna, M., Raia, V., Corso, G., Castaldo, G., & Gelzo, M. (2020) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics10040222 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Soares Nunes, L. A., Mussavira, S., & Sukumaran Bindhu, O.
- Affiliations
- Jain University (IN)
- ORCID
- Mussavira, Sayeeda
- Venue
- Biochemia Medica
- Published
- 2015
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 177-192
- ISSN
- 1330-0962 (ISSN-L)
- 1846-7482
- PMC
- PMC4470107
- OpenAlex
- W630391585
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 3.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Biochemia Medica (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Hrčak Portal of scientific journals of Croatia (University Computing Centre) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Jain University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Keywords
- saliva, salivary biomarkers, non-invasive diagnosis, salivary diagnostics, drug monitoring, circadian variation, sample contamination
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Saliva, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling, Biomarkers, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Systems Biology
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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