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Modulation of Amygdalar Activity by the Conscious Regulation of Negative Emotion
Abstract
Lesion and neuroimaging studies suggest the amygdala is important in the perception and production of negative emotion; however, the effects of emotion regulation on the amygdalar response to negative stimuli remain unknown. Using event-related fMRI, we tested the hypothesis that voluntary modulation of negative emotion is associated with changes in neural activity within the amygdala. Negative and neutral pictures were presented with instructions to either “maintain” the emotional response or “passively view” the picture without regulating the emotion. Each picture presentation was followed by a delay, after which subjects indicated how they currently felt via a response keypad. Consistent with previous reports, greater signal change was observed in the amygdala during the presentation of negative compared to neutral pictures. No significant effect of instruction was found during the picture presentation component of the trial. However, a prolonged increase in signal change was observed in the amygdala when subjects maintained the negative emotional response during the delay following negative picture offset. This increase in amygdalar signal due to the active maintenance of negative emotion was significantly correlated with subjects' self-reported dispositional levels of negative affect. These results suggest that consciously evoked cognitive mechanisms that alter the emotional response of the subject operate, at least in part, by altering the degree of neural activity within the amygdala.
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“In addition, our demonstration of changes in arousal due to the intentional regulation strategy coincides with evidence from studies of the cognitive regulation of emotion illustrating significant behavioral (1–3), physiological (4, 5), and neural (1–3) changes associated with the intentional use of regulation strategies to reappraise emotional stimuli.”
From Thinking like a trader selectively reduces individuals' loss aversion (2009) · cites this paper as [3]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Schaefer, S. M., Jackson, D. C., Davidson, R. J., Aguirre, G. K., Kimberg, D. Y., & Thompson-Schill, S. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Pennsylvania
- Venue
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
- Publisher
- MIT Press - Journals
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 913-921
- ISSN
- 0898-929X (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8898
- OpenAlex
- W2157107537
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 9.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- amygdala, emotion regulation, negative emotions, negative affect, emotional stimuli, neuronal activity modulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Amygdala, Analysis of Variance, Consciousness, Emotions, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Negativism, Photic Stimulation
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