Mechanisms of insulin resistance in human obesity: evidence for receptor and postreceptor defects.
Open accessAbstract
UNLABELLED: To assess the mechanisms of the insulin resistance in human obesity, we have determined, using a modification of the euglycemic glucose clamp technique, the shape of the in vivo insulin-glucose disposal dose-response curves in 7 control and 13 obese human subjects. Each subject had at least three euglycemic studies performed at insulin infusion rates of 15, 40, 120, 240, or 1,200 mU/M2/min. The glucose disposal rate was decreased in all obese subjects compared with controls (101 +/- 16 vs. 186 +/- 16 mg/M2/min) during the 40 mU/M2/min insulin infusion. The mean dose-response curve for the obese subjects was displaced to the right, i.e., the half-maximally effective insulin concentration was 270 +/- 27 microU/ml for the obese compared with 130 +/- 10 microU/ml for controls. In nine of the obese subjects, the dose-response curves were shifted to the right, and maximal glucose disposal rates (at a maximally effective insulin concentration) were markedly decreased, indicating both a receptor and a postreceptor defect. On the other hand, four obese patients had right-shifted dose-response curves but reached normal maximal glucose disposal rates, consistent with decreased insulin receptors as the only abnormality. When the individual data were analyzed, it was found that the lease hyperinsulinemic, least insulin-resistant patients displayed only the receptor defect, whereas those with the greatest hyperinsulinemia exhibited the largest post-receptor defect, suggesting a continuous spectrum of defects as one advances from mild to severe insulin resistance. When insulin's ability to suppress hepatic glucose output was assessed, hyperinsulinemia produced total suppresssion in all subjects. The dose-response curve for the obese subjects was shifted to the right, indicating a defect in insulin receptors. Insulin binding to isolated adipocytes obtained from the obese subjects was decreased, and a highly significant inverse linear relationship was demonstrated between insulin binding and the serum insulin concentration required for halfmaximal stimulation of glucose disposal. IN CONCLUSION: (a) decreased cellular insulin receptors contribute to the insulin resistance associated with human obesity in all subjects; (b) in the least hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant patients, decreased insulin receptors are the sole defect, whereas in the more hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant patients, the insulin resistance is the result of a combination of receptor and postreceptor abnormalities; (c) all obese patients were insensitive to insulin's suppressive effects on hepatic glucose output; this was entirely the result of decreased insulin receptors; no postreceptor defect in this insulin effect was demonstrated.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Obesity is an important determinant of insulin sensitivity.
“It is well recognised that obesity is an important determinant of insulin sensitivity [9, 10, 29, 30, 31, 32].”
From The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (2003) · cites this paper as [29]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
Insulin Binding to Monocytes and Insulin Action in Human Obesity, Starvation, and Refeeding
Defronzo, R. A., Soman, V., Sherwin, R. S., Hendler, R., & Felig, P. (1978) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109108 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
RetractedINFLUENCES OF GLUCOSE LOADING AND OF INJECTED INSULIN ON HEPATIC GLUCOSE OUTPUT*
Steele, R. D. (1959) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb44923.x · Cited by 1,680 · see citing works
Desbuquois, B., & Aurbach, G. D. (1971) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-33-5-732 · Cited by 1,301 · see citing works
Sherwood, L. M., Parris, E. E., & Cahill, G. F. (1970) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197003192821209 · Cited by 1,253 · see citing works
Insulin resistance, insulin insensitivity, and insulin unresponsiveness: A necessary distinction
Kahn, C. R. (1978) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(78)80007-9 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Rabinowitz, D. L., & Zierler, K. L. (1962) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci104676 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Olefsky, J. M., Reaven, G. M., & Farquhar, J. W. (1974) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107560 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Self-citationKôno, T., & Barham, F. W. (1971) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61777-6 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
A model of the kinetics of insulin in man
Sherwin, R. S., Kramer, K. J., Tobin, J. D., Insel, P. A., Liljenquist, J. E., Berman, M., & Andres, R. (1974) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107697 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Bar, R. S., Görden, P., Roth, J., Kahn, C. R., & MEYTS, P. D. (1976) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci108565 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Cooperativity in ligand binding: A new graphic analysis
MEYTS, P. D., & Roth, J. (1975) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(75)90473-8 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Cellularity of obese and nonobese human adipose tissue.
Hirsch, J., & Knittle, J. L. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Decreased insulin binding to adipocytes and circulating monocytes from obese subjects.
Olefsky, J. M. (1976) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci108384 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Self-citationBinding and degradation of 125I-labelled insulin by isolated rat fat cells
Gammeltoft, S., & Gliemann, J. (1973) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/0304-4165(73)90161-x · Cited by 338 · see citing works
DeFronzo, R. A., Ferrannini, E., Hendler, R., Wahren, J., & Felig, P. (1978) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.75.10.5173 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
The Insulin Receptor: Its Role in Insulin Resistance of Obesity and Diabetes
Olefsky, J. M. (1976) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.25.12.1154 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Self-citationOlefsky, J. M. (1975) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci108231 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Self-citationInsulin Receptor Deficiency in Genetic and Acquired Obesity
Soli, A. H., Kahn, C. R., Neville, D. M., & Roth, J. (1975) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci108155 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Portal and Peripheral Vein Immunoreactive Insulin Concentrations Before and After Glucose Infusion
Blackard, W. G., & Nelson, N. C. (1970) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.19.5.302 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Insulin Control of Glucose Metabolism in Man
Insel, P. A., Liljenquist, J. E., Tobin, J. D., Sherwin, R. S., Watkins, P., Andres, R., & Berman, M. (1975) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci108006 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
THE EARLY RECOGNITION OF DIABETES MELLITUS*
Fajans, S. S., & Conn, J. W. (1959) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb44901.x · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Defect in insulin binding to receptors in obese man. Amelioration with calorie restriction.
Archer, J. A., Görden, P., & Roth, J. (1975) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci107907 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Effect of glucagon on glucose production during insulin deficiency in the dog.
Cherrington, A. D., LACY, W. W., & Chiasson, J. L. (1978) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci109174 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Olefsky, J. M. (1976) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci108360 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of insulin upon glucose metabolism by adipose cells of different size
Salans, L. B., & Dougherty, J. W. (1971) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci106623 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Kreisberg, R. A., Boshell, B. R., DiPlacido, J., & Roddam, R. F. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196702092760603 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Impairment of insulin binding to the fat cell plasma membrane in the obese hyperglycemic mouse
Freychet, P., Laudat, M. H., Laudat, P., Rosselin, G., Kahn, C. R., Görden, P., & Roth, J. (1972) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(72)80519-2 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Insulin binding and effects in isolated soleus muscle of lean and obese mice.
MARCHAND‐BRUSTEL, Y. L., Jeanrenaud, B., & Freychet, P. (1978) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1978.234.4.e348 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Cellular basis of insulin insensitivity in large rat adipocytes.
Czech, M. P. (1976) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci108422 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Atherosclerosis and body-build with special reference to size and number of subcutaneous fat cells.
Bjurulf, P. (1959) · PubMed · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Gluconeogenesis: methodological approaches in vivo.
Chiasson, J. L., LILJENQUIST, J. E., LACY, W. W., As, J., & Cherrington, A. D. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The Glucose Uptake of Human Adipose Tissue in Obesity
Bjöentorp, P., Berchtold, P., Holm, J., & Larsson, B. (1971) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.1971.tb00559.x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Glucose homeostasis during prolonged suppression of glucagon and insulin secretion by somatostatin.
Sherwin, R. S., Hendler, R., DeFronzo, R. A., Wahren, J., & Felic, P. (1977) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.74.1.348 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Insulin Binding to Isolated Human Adipocytes
Olefsky, J. M., Jen, P., & Reaven, G. M. (1974) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.23.7.565 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in genetically obese rats
York, D. A., Steinke, J., & Bray, G. A. (1972) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(72)90070-4 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Relationship between in Vivo Insulin Resistance and Decreased Insulin Receptors in Obese Man*
KOLTERMAN, O. G., REAVEN, G. M., & OLEFSKY, J. M. (1979) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-48-3-487 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationDirect measurements of sugar uptake in small and large adipocytes from young and adult rats
Livingston, J. N., & Lockwood, D. H. (1974) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(74)90253-8 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
GIROLAMO, M. D., & Rudman, D. R. (1968) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-82-6-1133 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Björntorp, P. A., Krotkiewski, M., Larsson, B., & Somlo-Szücs, Z. (1970) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04766.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Vranić, M., & Wrenshall, G. A. (1968) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y68-058 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults
Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Proctor, D. N., Fiatarone Singh, M. A., Minson, C. T., Nigg, C. R., Salem, G. J., & Skinner, J. S. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181a0c95c · Cited by 5,153 · see citing works
Kopelman, P. G. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35007508 · Cited by 4,795 · see citing works
Kahn, S. E. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-002-1009-0 · Cited by 2,166 · see citing works
Stress, eating and the reward system
Adam, T. C., & Epel, E. S. (2007) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.011 · Cited by 1,732 · see citing works
Steinberg, H. O., Chaker, H., Leaming, R., Johnson, A., Brechtel, G., & Baron, A. D. (1996) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci118709 · Cited by 1,687 · see citing works
Cnop, M., Havel, P. J., Utzschneider, K. M., Carr, D. B., Sinha, M. K., Boyko, E. J., Retzlaff, B. M., Knopp, R. H., Brunzell, J. D., & Kahn, S. E. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1074-z · Cited by 1,483 · see citing works
Effect of fatty acids on glucose production and utilization in man.
Ferrannini, E., Barrett, E. J., Bevilacqua, S., & DeFronzo, R. A. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111133 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group report on hypertension in diabetes
(1994) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.23.2.145 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Laakso, M., Edelman, S. V., Brechtel, G., & Baron, A. D. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci114644 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Hyperinsulinaemia: the key feature of a cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome
Ferrannini, E., Haffner, S. M., Mitchell, B. D., & Stern, M. P. (1991) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00403180 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Ferrannini, E., Natali, A., Bell, P., Cavallo-Perin, P., Lalic, N., & Mingrone, G. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119628 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Bergman, R. N., Prager, R., Volund, A., & Olefsky, J. M. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112886 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Self-citationBays, H., Mandarino, L., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030723 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Diabetes mellitus in the Pima Indians: Incidence, risk factors and pathogenesis
Knowler, W. C., Pettitt, D. J., Saad, M. F., & Bennett, P. H. (1990) · Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmr.5610060101 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Ferrannini, E. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.19.4.0336 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
McLaughlin, T., Sherman, A., Tsao, P., Gonzalez, O., Yee, G., Lamendola, C., Reaven, G. M., & Cushman, S. W. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0708-y · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Correlation between muscle glycogen synthase activity and in vivo insulin action in man
Bogardus, C., Lillioja, S., Stone, K., & Mott, D. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111304 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
The Effect of Growth Hormone on Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Secretion in Man*
BRATUSCH-MARRAIN, P. R., SMITH, D., & DEFRONZO, R. A. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-55-5-973 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Rosenbaum, M., Hirsch, J., Murphy, E., & Leibel, R. L. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.6.1421 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
GROOP, L. C., SALORANTA, C., SHANK, M., BONADONNA, R. C., FERRANNINI, E., & DEFRONZO, R. A. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-72-1-96 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Improving influence of insulin on cognitive functions in humans
Kern, W., Peters, A., Fruehwald-Schultes, B., Deininger, E., Born, J., & Fehm, H. L. (2001) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000054694 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Buford, T. W., Anton, S. D., Judge, A. R., Marzetti, E., Wohlgemuth, S. E., Carter, C. S., Leeuwenburgh, C., Pahor, M., & Manini, T. M. (2010) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.04.004 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Vollenweider, P., Randin, D., Tappy, L., Jéquier, E., Nicod, P., & Scherrer, U. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117242 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Nieves, D. J., Cnop, M., Retzlaff, B., Walden, C. E., Brunzell, J. D., Knopp, R. H., & Kahn, S. E. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.1.172 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Bed-rest-induced insulin resistance occurs primarily in muscle
Stuart, C. A., Shangraw, R. E., Prince, M. J., Peters, E. J., & Wolfe, R. R. (1988) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(88)90018-2 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Effect of insulin on the distribution and disposition of glucose in man.
Ferrannini, E., Smith, J. D., Cobelli, C., Toffolo, G., Pilo, A., & DeFronzo, R. A. (1985) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111969 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Kashiwagi, A., Verso, M. A., Andrews, J., Vasquez, B., Reaven, G., & Foley, J. E. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111080 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Dysfunctional fat cells, lipotoxicity and type 2 diabetes
Defronzo, R. A. (2004) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1368-504x.2004.00389.x · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Freidenberg, G. R., Henry, R. R., Klein, H. H., Reichart, D. R., & Olefsky, J. M. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112789 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationThermic effect of glucose in man. Obligatory and facultative thermogenesis.
Acheson, K. J., Ravussin, E., Wahren, J., & Jéquier, E. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111573 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Obesity and insulin resistance: Lessons learned from the Pima indians
Lillioja, S., & Bogardus, C. (1988) · Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmr.5610040508 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Hepatic glucose metabolism in humans—its role in health and disease
Roden, M., & Bernroider, E. (2003) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1521-690x(03)00031-9 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Mandarino, L. J., Wright, K. S., Verity, L. S., Nichols, J., Bell, J. M., Kolterman, O. G., & Beck-Nielsen, H. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113118 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Self-citationRavussin, E., Bogardus, C., Schwartz, R. S., Robbins, D. C., Wolfe, R. R., Horton, E. S., Danforth, E., & Sims, E. A. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111060 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Insulin sensitivity of protein and glucose metabolism in human forearm skeletal muscle
Louard, R. J., Fryburg, D. A., Gelfand, R. A., & Barrett, E. J. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116124 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in humans
DeFronzo, R. A., & Ferrannini, E. (1987) · Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmr.5610030204 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Garvey, W. T., Huecksteadt, T. P., Matthaei, S., & Olefsky, J. M. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113485 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationRavussin, E., Acheson, K. J., Vernet, O., Danforth, E., & Jéquier, E. (1985) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112083 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance in Cushing’s Syndrome*
NOSADINI, R., DEL PRATO, S., TIENGO, A., VALERIO, A., MUGGEO, M., OPOCHER, G., MANTERO, F., DUNER, E., MARESCOTTI, C., MOLLO, F., et al. (1983) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-57-3-529 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Bogardus, C., Lillioja, S., Mott, D., Reaven, G. R., Kashiwagi, A., & Foley, J. E. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci111274 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Impaired insulin sensitivity among nondiabetic patients with a recent TIA or ischemic stroke
Kernan, W. N., Inzucchi, S. E., Viscoli, C. M., Brass, L. M., Bravata, D. M., Shulman, G. I., McVeety, J. C., & Horwitz, R. I. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000063318.66140.a3 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance during the early stage of weight gain
Erdmann, J., Kallabis, B., Oppel, U., Sypchenko, O., Wagenpfeil, S., & Schusdziarra, V. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00560.2007 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Mustelin, L., Pietiläinen, K. H., Rissanen, A., Sovijärvi, A. R., Piirilä, P., Naukkarinen, J., Peltonen, L., Kaprio, J., & Yki-Järvinen, H. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00580.2007 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Fruehwald-Schultes, B., Kern, W., Bong, W., Wellhoener, P., Kerner, W., Born, J., Fehm, H. L., & Peters, A. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.9.5953 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Insulin Action Does Not Change During the Menstrual Cycle in Normal Women*
TOTH, E. L., SUTHIJUMROON, A., CROCKFORD, P. M., & RYAN, E. A. (1987) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-64-1-74 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
González, F., Nair, K. S., Daniels, J. K., Basal, E., & Schimke, J. M. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00416.2011 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Insulin. Its role in the thermic effect of glucose.
Christin, L., Nacht, C. A., Vernet, O., Ravussin, E., Jéquier, E., & Acheson, K. J. (1986) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112497 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Mandarino, L., Baker, B., Rizza, R., Genest, J., & Gerich, J. (1984) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00304850 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Mitrou, P., Boutati, E., Lambadiari, V., Maratou, E., Papakonstantinou, A., Komesidou, V., Sidossis, L., Tountas, N., Katsilambros, N., Economopoulos, T., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2297 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Measurements of Interstitial Muscle Glycerol in Normal and Insulin-Resistant Subjects
Sjöstrand, M., Gudbjörnsdottir, S., Holmäng, A., Strindberg, L., Ekberg, K., & Lönnroth, P. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.5.8495 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Shepherd, A. I., Wilkerson, D. P., Dobson, L., Kelly, J., Winyard, P. G., Jones, A. M., Benjamin, N., Shore, A. C., & Gilchrist, M. (2015) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2015.01.002 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kolterman, O. G., Insel, J., Saekow, M., & Olefsky, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Denver VA Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1980-06-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1272-1284
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC371464
- OpenAlex
- W2163098588
- Cited by
- 664
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 24.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, obesity, insulin receptor defects, postreceptor defect, glucose disposal, hyperinsulinemia, insulin binding, hepatic glucose production, adipocytes, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, hepatic insulin sensitivity, insulin receptor affinity, insulin receptor number
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Mathematics, Middle Aged, Obesity, Receptor, Insulin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
