Evidence that insulin resistance is responsible for the decreased thermic effect of glucose in human obesity
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The thermic effect of glucose was investigated in nine obese and six lean subjects in whom the same rate of glucose uptake was imposed. Continuous indirect calorimetry was performed for 240 min on the supine subject. After 45 min, 20% glucose was infused (609 mg/min) for 195 min and normoglycemia was maintained by adjusting the insulin infusion rate. At 2 h, propranolol was infused (bolus 100 micrograms/kg; 1 microgram/kg X min) for the remaining 75 min. To maintain the same glucose uptake (0.624 g/min), it was necessary to infuse insulin at 3.0 +/- 0.6 (leans) and 6.6 +/- 1.2 mU/kg X min (obese) (P less than 0.02). At this time, glucose oxidation was 0.248 +/- 0.019 (leans) and 0.253 +/- 0.022 g/min (obese) (NS), and nonoxidative glucose disposal was 0.375 +/- 0.011 and 0.372 +/- 0.029 g/min, respectively. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) rose significantly by 0.13 +/- 0.02 kcal/min in both groups, resulting in similar thermic effects, i.e., 5.5 +/- 0.7% (leans) 5.4 +/- 0.9% (obese) (NS) and energy costs of glucose storage 0.35 +/- 0.06 and 0.39 +/- 0.09 kcal/g (NS), respectively. With propranolol, glucose uptake and storage remained the same, while RMR fell significantly in both groups, with corresponding decreases (P less than 0.05) in the thermic effects of glucose to 3.7 +/- 0.6% and 2.9 +/- 0.8% (NS) and the energy costs of glucose storage 0.23 +/- 0.04 and 0.17 +/- 0.05 kcal/g (NS) in the lean and obese subjects, respectively. These results suggest that the defect in the thermic effect of glucose observed in obese subjects is due to their insulin resistance, which is responsible for a lower rate of glucose uptake and hence decreased rate of glucose storage, which is an energy-requiring process.
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Previous studies showed that impaired thermogenesis is associated with insulin resistance in obesity.
“Previous studies showed that impaired thermogenesis is associated with insulin resistance in obesity (49,50)”
From Beneficial metabolic effects of regular meal frequency on dietary thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and fasting lipid profiles in healthy obese women1–3 (2005) · cites this paper as [50]
The current finding of lower TEF and postprandial insulin insensitivity after the irregular meal pattern intervention is consistent with previous studies showing impaired thermogenesis is associated with insulin resistance in obesity.
“which is consistent with the current finding of lower TEF and postprandial insulin insensitivity after the irregular meal pattern intervention.”
From Beneficial metabolic effects of regular meal frequency on dietary thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and fasting lipid profiles in healthy obese women1–3 (2005) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Ravussin, E., Acheson, K. J., Vernet, O., Danforth, E., & Jéquier, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1985-09-01
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1268-1273
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC424038
- OpenAlex
- W2018043022
- Cited by
- 151
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, obesity, glucose oxidation, glucose storage, resting metabolic rate, propranolol, glucose uptake, nonoxidative glucose disposal, energy expenditure, beta-adrenergic blockade, insulin infusion, glucose infusion, indirect calorimetry, energy balance, weight loss, weight gain
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Body Temperature, Energy Metabolism, Female, Glucose, Heart Rate, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Male, Obesity
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